From 0c03d3e2573811f65873b062b366816a53bec062 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: downsj Date: Sun, 26 Jan 1997 09:53:18 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add missing documentation; build and install it. --- gnu/usr.bin/gzip/Makefile | 15 +- gnu/usr.bin/gzip/gpl.texinfo | 394 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ gnu/usr.bin/gzip/gzip.texi | 479 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 887 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 gnu/usr.bin/gzip/gpl.texinfo create mode 100644 gnu/usr.bin/gzip/gzip.texi diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/gzip/Makefile b/gnu/usr.bin/gzip/Makefile index ffc6dc2abc1..ecfe2e21a52 100644 --- a/gnu/usr.bin/gzip/Makefile +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/gzip/Makefile @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# $OpenBSD: Makefile,v 1.5 1996/09/16 10:21:32 downsj Exp $ +# $OpenBSD: Makefile,v 1.6 1997/01/26 09:53:18 downsj Exp $ # $NetBSD: Makefile,v 1.17 1995/10/24 22:18:34 jtc Exp $ PROG= gzip @@ -12,8 +12,12 @@ SRCS+= match.S CFLAGS+=-DASMV .endif +CLEANFILES+= gzip.info + LDSTATIC= ${STATIC} +MAKEINFO= makeinfo + MLINKS+= gzip.1 gunzip.1 gzip.1 gzcat.1 gzip.1 zcat.1 MLINKS+= zdiff.1 zcmp.1 #MLINKS+= gzip.1 uncompress.1 @@ -23,6 +27,15 @@ LINKS+= ${BINDIR}/gzip ${BINDIR}/zcat LINKS+= ${BINDIR}/zdiff ${BINDIR}/zcmp #LINKS+= ${BINDIR}/gzip ${BINDIR}/uncompress +all: gzip.info + +gzip.info: gzip.texi + ${MAKEINFO} -I${.CURDIR} ${.CURDIR}/gzip.texi + +beforeinstall: + ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -m 444 -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} *.info* \ + ${DESTDIR}/usr/share/info + afterinstall: install -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${BINMODE} \ ${.CURDIR}/zforce ${.CURDIR}/gzexe ${.CURDIR}/znew \ diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/gzip/gpl.texinfo b/gnu/usr.bin/gzip/gpl.texinfo new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6fb0afb4c06 --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/gzip/gpl.texinfo @@ -0,0 +1,394 @@ +@setfilename gpl.info + +@unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE +@center Version 2, June 1991 + +@display +Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA + +Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies +of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. +@end display + +@unnumberedsec Preamble + + The licenses for most software are designed to take away your +freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public +License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free +software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This +General Public License applies to most of the Free Software +Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to +using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by +the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to +your programs, too. + + When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not +price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you +have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for +this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it +if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it +in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. + + To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid +anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. +These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you +distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. + + For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether +gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that +you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the +source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their +rights. + + We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and +(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, +distribute and/or modify the software. + + Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain +that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free +software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we +want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so +that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original +authors' reputations. + + Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software +patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free +program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the +program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any +patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. + + The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and +modification follow. + +@iftex +@unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION +@end iftex +@ifinfo +@center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION +@end ifinfo + +@enumerate +@item +This License applies to any program or other work which contains +a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed +under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below, +refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program'' +means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: +that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, +either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another +language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in +the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''. + +Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not +covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of +running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program +is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the +Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). +Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. + +@item +You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's +source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you +conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate +copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the +notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; +and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License +along with the Program. + +You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and +you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. + +@item +You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion +of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and +distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 +above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: + +@enumerate a +@item +You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices +stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. + +@item +You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in +whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any +part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third +parties under the terms of this License. + +@item +If the modified program normally reads commands interactively +when run, you must cause it, when started running for such +interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an +announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a +notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide +a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under +these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this +License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but +does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on +the Program is not required to print an announcement.) +@end enumerate + +These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If +identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, +and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in +themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those +sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you +distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based +on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of +this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the +entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. + +Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest +your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to +exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or +collective works based on the Program. + +In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program +with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of +a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under +the scope of this License. + +@item +You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, +under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of +Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: + +@enumerate a +@item +Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable +source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections +1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, + +@item +Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three +years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your +cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete +machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be +distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium +customarily used for software interchange; or, + +@item +Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer +to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is +allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you +received the program in object code or executable form with such +an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) +@end enumerate + +The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for +making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source +code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any +associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to +control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a +special exception, the source code distributed need not include +anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary +form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the +operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component +itself accompanies the executable. + +If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering +access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent +access to copy the source code from the same place counts as +distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not +compelled to copy the source along with the object code. + +@item +You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program +except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt +otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is +void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. +However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under +this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such +parties remain in full compliance. + +@item +You are not required to accept this License, since you have not +signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or +distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are +prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by +modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the +Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and +all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying +the Program or works based on it. + +@item +Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the +Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the +original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to +these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further +restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. +You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to +this License. + +@item +If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent +infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), +conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or +otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not +excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot +distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this +License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you +may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent +license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by +all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then +the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to +refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. + +If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under +any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to +apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other +circumstances. + +It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any +patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any +such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the +integrity of the free software distribution system, which is +implemented by public license practices. Many people have made +generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed +through that system in reliance on consistent application of that +system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing +to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot +impose that choice. + +This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to +be a consequence of the rest of this License. + +@item +If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in +certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the +original copyright holder who places the Program under this License +may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding +those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among +countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates +the limitation as if written in the body of this License. + +@item +The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions +of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will +be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to +address new problems or concerns. + +Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program +specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any +later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions +either of that version or of any later version published by the Free +Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of +this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software +Foundation. + +@item +If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free +programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author +to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free +Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes +make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals +of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and +of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. + +@iftex +@heading NO WARRANTY +@end iftex +@ifinfo +@center NO WARRANTY +@end ifinfo + +@item +BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY +FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN +OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES +PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED +OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF +MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS +TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE +PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, +REPAIR OR CORRECTION. + +@item +IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING +WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR +REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, +INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING +OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED +TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY +YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER +PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE +POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. +@end enumerate + +@iftex +@heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS +@end iftex +@ifinfo +@center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS +@end ifinfo + +@page +@unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs + + If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest +possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it +free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. + + To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest +to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively +convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least +the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. + +@smallexample +@var{one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.} +Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author} + +This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or +modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License +as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 +of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + +This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +GNU General Public License for more details. + +You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software +Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. +@end smallexample + +Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. + +If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this +when it starts in an interactive mode: + +@smallexample +Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author} +Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details +type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome +to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' +for details. +@end smallexample + +The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show +the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the +commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and +@samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever +suits your program. + +You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your +school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if +necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: + +@example +Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright +interest in the program `Gnomovision' +(which makes passes at compilers) written +by James Hacker. + +@var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 +Ty Coon, President of Vice +@end example + +This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into +proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may +consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the +library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General +Public License instead of this License. diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/gzip/gzip.texi b/gnu/usr.bin/gzip/gzip.texi new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..07be37187d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/gzip/gzip.texi @@ -0,0 +1,479 @@ +\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- +@c %**start of header +@setfilename gzip.info +@settitle Gzip User's Manual +@finalout +@setchapternewpage odd +@c %**end of header + +@ifinfo +This file documents the the GNU @code{gzip} command for compressing files. + +Copyright (C) 1992-1993 Jean-loup Gailly + +Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of +this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice +are preserved on all copies. + +@ignore +Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the +results, provided the printed document carries copying permission +notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph +(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual). + +@end ignore +Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this +manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire +resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission +notice identical to this one. + +Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual +into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, +except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved +by the Foundation. +@end ifinfo + +@titlepage +@title gzip +@subtitle The data compression program +@subtitle Edition 1.2.4, for Gzip Version 1.2.4 +@subtitle July 1993 +@author by Jean-loup Gailly + +@page +@vskip 0pt plus 1filll +Copyright @copyright{} 1992-1993 Jean-loup Gailly + +Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of +this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice +are preserved on all copies. + +Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this +manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire +resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission +notice identical to this one. + +Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual +into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, +except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved +by the Foundation. +@end titlepage + +@node Top, , , (dir) + +@ifinfo +This file documents the @code{gzip} command to compress files. +@end ifinfo + +@menu +* Copying:: How you can copy and share @code{gzip}. +* Overview:: Preliminary information. +* Sample:: Sample output from @code{gzip}. +* Invoking gzip:: How to run @code{gzip}. +* Advanced usage:: Concatenated files. +* Environment:: The @code{GZIP} environment variable +* Tapes:: Using @code{gzip} on tapes. +* Problems:: Reporting bugs. +* Concept Index:: Index of concepts. +@end menu + +@node Copying, Overview, , Top +@include gpl.texinfo + +@node Overview, Sample, Copying, Top +@chapter Overview +@cindex overview + +@code{gzip} reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv coding +(LZ77). Whenever possible, each file is replaced by one with the +extension @samp{.gz}, while keeping the same ownership modes, access and +modification times. (The default extension is @samp{-gz} for VMS, +@samp{z} for MSDOS, OS/2 FAT and Atari.) If no files are specified or +if a file name is "-", the standard input is compressed to the standard +output. @code{gzip} will only attempt to compress regular files. In +particular, it will ignore symbolic links. + +If the new file name is too long for its file system, @code{gzip} +truncates it. @code{gzip} attempts to truncate only the parts of the +file name longer than 3 characters. (A part is delimited by dots.) If +the name consists of small parts only, the longest parts are truncated. +For example, if file names are limited to 14 characters, gzip.msdos.exe +is compressed to gzi.msd.exe.gz. Names are not truncated on systems +which do not have a limit on file name length. + +By default, @code{gzip} keeps the original file name and timestamp in +the compressed file. These are used when decompressing the file with the +@samp{-N} option. This is useful when the compressed file name was +truncated or when the time stamp was not preserved after a file +transfer. + +Compressed files can be restored to their original form using @samp{gzip -d} +or @code{gunzip} or @code{zcat}. If the original name saved in the +compressed file is not suitable for its file system, a new name is +constructed from the original one to make it legal. + +@code{gunzip} takes a list of files on its command line and replaces +each file whose name ends with @samp{.gz}, @samp{.z}, @samp{.Z}, +@samp{-gz}, @samp{-z} or @samp{_z} and which begins with the correct +magic number with an uncompressed file without the original extension. +@code{gunzip} also recognizes the special extensions @samp{.tgz} and +@samp{.taz} as shorthands for @samp{.tar.gz} and @samp{.tar.Z} +respectively. When compressing, @code{gzip} uses the @samp{.tgz} +extension if necessary instead of truncating a file with a @samp{.tar} +extension. + +@code{gunzip} can currently decompress files created by @code{gzip}, +@code{zip}, @code{compress} or @code{pack}. The detection of the input +format is automatic. When using the first two formats, @code{gunzip} +checks a 32 bit CRC (cyclic redundancy check). For @code{pack}, +@code{gunzip} checks the uncompressed length. The @code{compress} format +was not designed to allow consistency checks. However @code{gunzip} is +sometimes able to detect a bad @samp{.Z} file. If you get an error when +uncompressing a @samp{.Z} file, do not assume that the @samp{.Z} file is +correct simply because the standard @code{uncompress} does not complain. +This generally means that the standard @code{uncompress} does not check +its input, and happily generates garbage output. The SCO @samp{compress +-H} format (@code{lzh} compression method) does not include a CRC but +also allows some consistency checks. + +Files created by @code{zip} can be uncompressed by @code{gzip} only if +they have a single member compressed with the 'deflation' method. This +feature is only intended to help conversion of @code{tar.zip} files to +the @code{tar.gz} format. To extract @code{zip} files with several +members, use @code{unzip} instead of @code{gunzip}. + +@code{zcat} is identical to @samp{gunzip -c}. @code{zcat} +uncompresses either a list of files on the command line or its standard +input and writes the uncompressed data on standard output. @code{zcat} +will uncompress files that have the correct magic number whether they +have a @samp{.gz} suffix or not. + +@code{gzip} uses the Lempel-Ziv algorithm used in @code{zip} and PKZIP. +The amount of compression obtained depends on the size of the input and +the distribution of common substrings. Typically, text such as source +code or English is reduced by 60-70%. Compression is generally much +better than that achieved by LZW (as used in @code{compress}), Huffman +coding (as used in @code{pack}), or adaptive Huffman coding +(@code{compact}). + +Compression is always performed, even if the compressed file is slightly +larger than the original. The worst case expansion is a few bytes for +the @code{gzip} file header, plus 5 bytes every 32K block, or an expansion +ratio of 0.015% for large files. Note that the actual number of used +disk blocks almost never increases. @code{gzip} preserves the mode, +ownership and timestamps of files when compressing or decompressing. + +@node Sample, Invoking gzip, Overview, Top +@chapter Sample Output +@cindex sample + +Here are some realistic examples of running @code{gzip}. + +This is the output of the command @samp{gzip -h}: + +@example +gzip 1.2.4 (18 Aug 93) +usage: gzip [-cdfhlLnNrtvV19] [-S suffix] [file ...] + -c --stdout write on standard output, keep original files unchanged + -d --decompress decompress + -f --force force overwrite of output file and compress links + -h --help give this help + -l --list list compressed file contents + -L --license display software license + -n --no-name do not save or restore the original name and time stamp + -N --name save or restore the original name and time stamp + -q --quiet suppress all warnings + -r --recursive operate recursively on directories + -S .suf --suffix .suf use suffix .suf on compressed files + -t --test test compressed file integrity + -v --verbose verbose mode + -V --version display version number + -1 --fast compress faster + -9 --best compress better + file... files to (de)compress. If none given, use standard input. +@end example + +This is the output of the command @samp{gzip -v texinfo.tex}: + +@example +texinfo.tex: 71.6% -- replaced with texinfo.tex.gz +@end example + +The following command will find all @code{gzip} files in the current +directory and subdirectories, and extract them in place without +destroying the original: + +@example +find . -name '*.gz' -print | sed 's/^\(.*\)[.]gz$/gunzip < "&" > "\1"/' | sh +@end example + +@node Invoking gzip, Advanced usage, Sample, Top +@chapter Invoking @code{gzip} +@cindex invoking +@cindex options + +The format for running the @code{gzip} program is: + +@example +gzip @var{option} @dots{} +@end example + +@code{gzip} supports the following options: + +@table @samp +@item --stdout +@itemx --to-stdout +@itemx -c +Write output on standard output; keep original files unchanged. +If there are several input files, the output consists of a sequence of +independently compressed members. To obtain better compression, +concatenate all input files before compressing them. + +@item --decompress +@itemx --uncompress +@itemx -d +Decompress. + +@item --force +@itemx -f +Force compression or decompression even if the file has multiple links +or the corresponding file already exists, or if the compressed data +is read from or written to a terminal. If the input data is not in +a format recognized by @code{gzip}, and if the option --stdout is also +given, copy the input data without change to the standard ouput: let +@code{zcat} behave as @code{cat}. If @samp{-f} is not given, and +when not running in the background, @code{gzip} prompts to verify +whether an existing file should be overwritten. + +@item --help +@itemx -h +Print an informative help message describing the options then quit. + +@item --list +@itemx -l +For each compressed file, list the following fields: + +@example +compressed size: size of the compressed file +uncompressed size: size of the uncompressed file +ratio: compression ratio (0.0% if unknown) +uncompressed_name: name of the uncompressed file +@end example + +The uncompressed size is given as @samp{-1} for files not in @code{gzip} +format, such as compressed @samp{.Z} files. To get the uncompressed size for +such a file, you can use: + +@example +zcat file.Z | wc -c +@end example + +In combination with the --verbose option, the following fields are also +displayed: + +@example +method: compression method (deflate,compress,lzh,pack) +crc: the 32-bit CRC of the uncompressed data +date & time: time stamp for the uncompressed file +@end example + +The crc is given as ffffffff for a file not in gzip format. + +With --verbose, the size totals and compression ratio for all files +is also displayed, unless some sizes are unknown. With --quiet, +the title and totals lines are not displayed. + +@item --license +@itemx -L +Display the @code{gzip} license then quit. + +@item --no-name +@itemx -n +When compressing, do not save the original file name and time stamp by +default. (The original name is always saved if the name had to be +truncated.) When decompressing, do not restore the original file name +if present (remove only the @code{gzip} +suffix from the compressed file name) and do not restore the original +time stamp if present (copy it from the compressed file). This option +is the default when decompressing. + +@item --name +@itemx -N +When compressing, always save the original file name and time stamp; this +is the default. When decompressing, restore the original file name and +time stamp if present. This option is useful on systems which have +a limit on file name length or when the time stamp has been lost after +a file transfer. + +@item --quiet +@itemx -q +Suppress all warning messages. + +@item --recursive +@itemx -r +Travel the directory structure recursively. If any of the file names +specified on the command line are directories, @code{gzip} will descend +into the directory and compress all the files it finds there (or +decompress them in the case of @code{gunzip}). + +@item --suffix @var{suf} +@itemx -S @var{suf} +Use suffix @samp{@var{suf}} instead of @samp{.gz}. Any suffix can be +given, but suffixes other than @samp{.z} and @samp{.gz} should be +avoided to avoid confusion when files are transferred to other systems. +A null suffix forces gunzip to try decompression on all given files +regardless of suffix, as in: + +@example +gunzip -S "" * (*.* for MSDOS) +@end example + +Previous versions of gzip used the @samp{.z} suffix. This was changed to +avoid a conflict with @code{pack}. + +@item --test +@itemx -t +Test. Check the compressed file integrity. + +@item --verbose +@itemx -v +Verbose. Display the name and percentage reduction for each file compressed. + +@item --version +@itemx -V +Version. Display the version number and compilation options, then quit. + +@item --fast +@itemx --best +@itemx -@var{n} +Regulate the speed of compression using the specified digit @var{n}, +where @samp{-1} or @samp{--fast} indicates the fastest compression +method (less compression) and @samp{--best} or @samp{-9} indicates the +slowest compression method (optimal compression). The default +compression level is @samp{-6} (that is, biased towards high compression at +expense of speed). +@end table + +@node Advanced usage, Environment, Invoking gzip, Top +@chapter Advanced usage +@cindex concatenated files + +Multiple compressed files can be concatenated. In this case, +@code{gunzip} will extract all members at once. If one member is +damaged, other members might still be recovered after removal of the +damaged member. Better compression can be usually obtained if all +members are decompressed and then recompressed in a single step. + +This is an example of concatenating @code{gzip} files: + +@example +gzip -c file1 > foo.gz +gzip -c file2 >> foo.gz +@end example + +Then + +@example +gunzip -c foo +@end example + +is equivalent to + +@example +cat file1 file2 +@end example + +In case of damage to one member of a @samp{.gz} file, other members can +still be recovered (if the damaged member is removed). However, +you can get better compression by compressing all members at once: + +@example +cat file1 file2 | gzip > foo.gz +@end example + +compresses better than + +@example +gzip -c file1 file2 > foo.gz +@end example + +If you want to recompress concatenated files to get better compression, do: + +@example +zcat old.gz | gzip > new.gz +@end example + +If a compressed file consists of several members, the uncompressed +size and CRC reported by the @samp{--list} option applies to the last member +only. If you need the uncompressed size for all members, you can use: + +@example +zcat file.gz | wc -c +@end example + +If you wish to create a single archive file with multiple members so +that members can later be extracted independently, use an archiver such +as @code{tar} or @code{zip}. GNU @code{tar} supports the @samp{-z} +option to invoke @code{gzip} transparently. @code{gzip} is designed as a +complement to @code{tar}, not as a replacement. + +@node Environment, Tapes, Advanced usage, Top +@chapter Environment +@cindex Environment + +The environment variable @code{GZIP} can hold a set of default options for +@code{gzip}. These options are interpreted first and can be overwritten by +explicit command line parameters. For example: + +@example +for sh: GZIP="-8v --name"; export GZIP +for csh: setenv GZIP "-8v --name" +for MSDOS: set GZIP=-8v --name +@end example + +On Vax/VMS, the name of the environment variable is @code{GZIP_OPT}, to +avoid a conflict with the symbol set for invocation of the program. + +@node Tapes, Problems, Environment, Top +@chapter Using @code{gzip} on tapes +@cindex tapes + +When writing compressed data to a tape, it is generally necessary to pad +the output with zeroes up to a block boundary. When the data is read and +the whole block is passed to @code{gunzip} for decompression, +@code{gunzip} detects that there is extra trailing garbage after the +compressed data and emits a warning by default. You have to use the +@samp{--quiet} option to suppress the warning. This option can be set in the +@code{GZIP} environment variable, as in: + +@example +for sh: GZIP="-q" tar -xfz --block-compress /dev/rst0 +for csh: (setenv GZIP "-q"; tar -xfz --block-compress /dev/rst0) +@end example + +In the above example, @code{gzip} is invoked implicitly by the @samp{-z} +option of GNU @code{tar}. Make sure that the same block size (@samp{-b} +option of @code{tar}) is used for reading and writing compressed data on +tapes. (This example assumes you are using the GNU version of +@code{tar}.) + +@node Problems, Concept Index, Tapes, Top +@chapter Reporting Bugs +@cindex bugs + +If you find a bug in @code{gzip}, please send electronic mail to +@w{@samp{jloup@@chorus.fr}} or, if this fails, to +@w{@samp{bug-gnu-utils@@prep.ai.mit.edu}}. Include the version number, +which you can find by running @w{@samp{gzip -V}}. Also include in your +message the hardware and operating system, the compiler used to compile +@code{gzip}, +a description of the bug behavior, and the input to @code{gzip} that triggered +the bug.@refill + +@node Concept Index, , Problems, Top +@unnumbered Concept Index + +@printindex cp + +@contents +@bye -- 2.20.1