From: sthen <sthen@openbsd.org>
Date: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 16:04:59 +0000 (+0000)
Subject: merge updates
X-Git-Url: http://artulab.com/gitweb/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=d1e2768aaf01e4f25312df02afa53db1184689d2;p=openbsd

merge updates
---

diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/Makefile.in b/usr.sbin/unbound/Makefile.in
index 464d20d06f7..cf907eb71bd 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/Makefile.in
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/Makefile.in
@@ -345,14 +345,12 @@ test:	unittest$(EXEEXT) testbound$(EXEEXT)
 	./unittest$(EXEEXT)
 	./testbound$(EXEEXT) -s
 	for x in $(srcdir)/testdata/*.rpl; do \
-		printf "%s" "$$x "; \
-		if ./testbound$(EXEEXT) -p $$x >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
-			echo OK; \
+		output=`./testbound$(EXEEXT) -p $$x -o -vvvvv 2>&1`; \
+		if test $$? -eq 0; then \
+			printf "%s OK\n" "$$x "; \
 		else \
-			echo failed; \
-			./testbound$(EXEEXT) -p $$x -o -vvvvv; \
-			printf "%s" "$$x "; \
-			echo failed; \
+			printf "%s\n" "$$output "; \
+			printf "%s failed\n" "$$x "; \
 			exit 1; \
 		fi; \
 	done
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/cachedb/cachedb.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/cachedb/cachedb.c
index 725bc6ce8b3..b07743d8525 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/cachedb/cachedb.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/cachedb/cachedb.c
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ cachedb_intcache_store(struct module_qstate* qstate)
 		return;
 	(void)dns_cache_store(qstate->env, &qstate->qinfo,
 		qstate->return_msg->rep, 0, qstate->prefetch_leeway, 0,
-		qstate->region, store_flags);
+		qstate->region, store_flags, qstate->qstarttime);
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/config.h.in b/usr.sbin/unbound/config.h.in
index ef1dd2c5f8e..07d47a8641c 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/config.h.in
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/config.h.in
@@ -222,6 +222,10 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `EVP_cleanup' function. */
 #undef HAVE_EVP_CLEANUP
 
+/* Define to 1 if you have the `EVP_default_properties_is_fips_enabled'
+   function. */
+#undef HAVE_EVP_DEFAULT_PROPERTIES_IS_FIPS_ENABLED
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `EVP_DigestVerify' function. */
 #undef HAVE_EVP_DIGESTVERIFY
 
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/configure b/usr.sbin/unbound/configure
index 2a8480745f9..e5df3e3f578 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/configure
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/configure
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #! /bin/sh
 # Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
-# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71 for unbound 1.16.0.
+# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71 for unbound 1.16.2.
 #
 # Report bugs to <unbound-bugs@nlnetlabs.nl or https://github.com/NLnetLabs/unbound/issues>.
 #
@@ -622,8 +622,8 @@ MAKEFLAGS=
 # Identity of this package.
 PACKAGE_NAME='unbound'
 PACKAGE_TARNAME='unbound'
-PACKAGE_VERSION='1.16.0'
-PACKAGE_STRING='unbound 1.16.0'
+PACKAGE_VERSION='1.16.2'
+PACKAGE_STRING='unbound 1.16.2'
 PACKAGE_BUGREPORT='unbound-bugs@nlnetlabs.nl or https://github.com/NLnetLabs/unbound/issues'
 PACKAGE_URL=''
 
@@ -1503,7 +1503,7 @@ if test "$ac_init_help" = "long"; then
   # Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing.
   # This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh.
   cat <<_ACEOF
-\`configure' configures unbound 1.16.0 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
+\`configure' configures unbound 1.16.2 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
 
 Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
 
@@ -1569,7 +1569,7 @@ fi
 
 if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then
   case $ac_init_help in
-     short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of unbound 1.16.0:";;
+     short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of unbound 1.16.2:";;
    esac
   cat <<\_ACEOF
 
@@ -1812,7 +1812,7 @@ fi
 test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status
 if $ac_init_version; then
   cat <<\_ACEOF
-unbound configure 1.16.0
+unbound configure 1.16.2
 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71
 
 Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@@ -2469,7 +2469,7 @@ cat >config.log <<_ACEOF
 This file contains any messages produced by compilers while
 running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake.
 
-It was created by unbound $as_me 1.16.0, which was
+It was created by unbound $as_me 1.16.2, which was
 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71.  Invocation command line was
 
   $ $0$ac_configure_args_raw
@@ -3233,11 +3233,11 @@ UNBOUND_VERSION_MAJOR=1
 
 UNBOUND_VERSION_MINOR=16
 
-UNBOUND_VERSION_MICRO=0
+UNBOUND_VERSION_MICRO=2
 
 
 LIBUNBOUND_CURRENT=9
-LIBUNBOUND_REVISION=16
+LIBUNBOUND_REVISION=18
 LIBUNBOUND_AGE=1
 # 1.0.0 had 0:12:0
 # 1.0.1 had 0:13:0
@@ -3321,6 +3321,8 @@ LIBUNBOUND_AGE=1
 # 1.14.0 had 9:14:1
 # 1.15.0 had 9:15:1
 # 1.16.0 had 9:16:1
+# 1.16.1 had 9:17:1
+# 1.16.2 had 9:18:1
 
 #   Current  -- the number of the binary API that we're implementing
 #   Revision -- which iteration of the implementation of the binary
@@ -19991,6 +19993,12 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_func_FIPS_mode" = xyes
 then :
   printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_FIPS_MODE 1" >>confdefs.h
 
+fi
+ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "EVP_default_properties_is_fips_enabled" "ac_cv_func_EVP_default_properties_is_fips_enabled"
+if test "x$ac_cv_func_EVP_default_properties_is_fips_enabled" = xyes
+then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_EVP_DEFAULT_PROPERTIES_IS_FIPS_ENABLED 1" >>confdefs.h
+
 fi
 ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "EVP_MD_CTX_new" "ac_cv_func_EVP_MD_CTX_new"
 if test "x$ac_cv_func_EVP_MD_CTX_new" = xyes
@@ -21526,7 +21534,46 @@ if test x_$enable_static_exe = x_yes; then
 		else
 			LIBS="$LIBS -lgdi32"
 		fi
-		LIBS="$LIBS -lz"
+		{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for compress in -lz" >&5
+printf %s "checking for compress in -lz... " >&6; }
+if test ${ac_cv_lib_z_compress+y}
+then :
+  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
+else $as_nop
+  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
+LIBS="-lz  $LIBS"
+cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+
+/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
+   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
+   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
+char compress ();
+int
+main (void)
+{
+return compress ();
+  ;
+  return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"
+then :
+  ac_cv_lib_z_compress=yes
+else $as_nop
+  ac_cv_lib_z_compress=no
+fi
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
+    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
+LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
+fi
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_z_compress" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_z_compress" >&6; }
+if test "x$ac_cv_lib_z_compress" = xyes
+then :
+   LIBS="$LIBS -lz"
+fi
+
 		LIBS="$LIBS -l:libssp.a"
 	fi
 fi
@@ -21547,7 +21594,46 @@ if test x_$enable_fully_static = x_yes; then
 		else
 			LIBS="$LIBS -lgdi32"
 		fi
-		LIBS="$LIBS -lz"
+		{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for compress in -lz" >&5
+printf %s "checking for compress in -lz... " >&6; }
+if test ${ac_cv_lib_z_compress+y}
+then :
+  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
+else $as_nop
+  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
+LIBS="-lz  $LIBS"
+cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+
+/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
+   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
+   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
+char compress ();
+int
+main (void)
+{
+return compress ();
+  ;
+  return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"
+then :
+  ac_cv_lib_z_compress=yes
+else $as_nop
+  ac_cv_lib_z_compress=no
+fi
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
+    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
+LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
+fi
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_z_compress" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_z_compress" >&6; }
+if test "x$ac_cv_lib_z_compress" = xyes
+then :
+   LIBS="$LIBS -lz"
+fi
+
 		LIBS="$LIBS -l:libssp.a"
 	fi
 fi
@@ -23692,7 +23778,7 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define MAXSYSLOGMSGLEN 10240" >>confdefs.h
 
 
 
-version=1.16.0
+version=1.16.2
 
 date=`date +'%b %e, %Y'`
 
@@ -24204,7 +24290,7 @@ cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
 # report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their
 # values after options handling.
 ac_log="
-This file was extended by unbound $as_me 1.16.0, which was
+This file was extended by unbound $as_me 1.16.2, which was
 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71.  Invocation command line was
 
   CONFIG_FILES    = $CONFIG_FILES
@@ -24272,7 +24358,7 @@ ac_cs_config_escaped=`printf "%s\n" "$ac_cs_config" | sed "s/^ //; s/'/'\\\\\\\\
 cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
 ac_cs_config='$ac_cs_config_escaped'
 ac_cs_version="\\
-unbound config.status 1.16.0
+unbound config.status 1.16.2
 configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71,
   with options \\"\$ac_cs_config\\"
 
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/configure.ac b/usr.sbin/unbound/configure.ac
index a54f2c01f1e..8dabd62fbc1 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/configure.ac
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/configure.ac
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ sinclude(dnscrypt/dnscrypt.m4)
 # must be numbers. ac_defun because of later processing
 m4_define([VERSION_MAJOR],[1])
 m4_define([VERSION_MINOR],[16])
-m4_define([VERSION_MICRO],[0])
+m4_define([VERSION_MICRO],[2])
 AC_INIT([unbound],m4_defn([VERSION_MAJOR]).m4_defn([VERSION_MINOR]).m4_defn([VERSION_MICRO]),[unbound-bugs@nlnetlabs.nl or https://github.com/NLnetLabs/unbound/issues],[unbound])
 AC_SUBST(UNBOUND_VERSION_MAJOR, [VERSION_MAJOR])
 AC_SUBST(UNBOUND_VERSION_MINOR, [VERSION_MINOR])
 AC_SUBST(UNBOUND_VERSION_MICRO, [VERSION_MICRO])
 
 LIBUNBOUND_CURRENT=9
-LIBUNBOUND_REVISION=16
+LIBUNBOUND_REVISION=18
 LIBUNBOUND_AGE=1
 # 1.0.0 had 0:12:0
 # 1.0.1 had 0:13:0
@@ -102,6 +102,8 @@ LIBUNBOUND_AGE=1
 # 1.14.0 had 9:14:1
 # 1.15.0 had 9:15:1
 # 1.16.0 had 9:16:1
+# 1.16.1 had 9:17:1
+# 1.16.2 had 9:18:1
 
 #   Current  -- the number of the binary API that we're implementing
 #   Revision -- which iteration of the implementation of the binary
@@ -907,7 +909,7 @@ else
 	AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
 fi
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS([openssl/conf.h openssl/engine.h openssl/bn.h openssl/dh.h openssl/dsa.h openssl/rsa.h openssl/core_names.h openssl/param_build.h],,, [AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT])
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS([OPENSSL_config EVP_sha1 EVP_sha256 EVP_sha512 FIPS_mode EVP_MD_CTX_new OpenSSL_add_all_digests OPENSSL_init_crypto EVP_cleanup ENGINE_cleanup ERR_load_crypto_strings CRYPTO_cleanup_all_ex_data ERR_free_strings RAND_cleanup DSA_SIG_set0 EVP_dss1 EVP_DigestVerify EVP_aes_256_cbc EVP_EncryptInit_ex HMAC_Init_ex CRYPTO_THREADID_set_callback EVP_MAC_CTX_set_params OSSL_PARAM_BLD_new BIO_set_callback_ex])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS([OPENSSL_config EVP_sha1 EVP_sha256 EVP_sha512 FIPS_mode EVP_default_properties_is_fips_enabled EVP_MD_CTX_new OpenSSL_add_all_digests OPENSSL_init_crypto EVP_cleanup ENGINE_cleanup ERR_load_crypto_strings CRYPTO_cleanup_all_ex_data ERR_free_strings RAND_cleanup DSA_SIG_set0 EVP_dss1 EVP_DigestVerify EVP_aes_256_cbc EVP_EncryptInit_ex HMAC_Init_ex CRYPTO_THREADID_set_callback EVP_MAC_CTX_set_params OSSL_PARAM_BLD_new BIO_set_callback_ex])
 
 # these check_funcs need -lssl
 BAKLIBS="$LIBS"
@@ -1500,7 +1502,7 @@ if test x_$enable_static_exe = x_yes; then
 		else
 			LIBS="$LIBS -lgdi32"
 		fi
-		LIBS="$LIBS -lz"
+		AC_CHECK_LIB([z], [compress], [ LIBS="$LIBS -lz" ])
 		LIBS="$LIBS -l:libssp.a"
 	fi
 fi
@@ -1517,7 +1519,7 @@ if test x_$enable_fully_static = x_yes; then
 		else
 			LIBS="$LIBS -lgdi32"
 		fi
-		LIBS="$LIBS -lz"
+		AC_CHECK_LIB([z], [compress], [ LIBS="$LIBS -lz" ])
 		LIBS="$LIBS -l:libssp.a"
 	fi
 fi
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/cachedump.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/cachedump.c
index b929f909bab..baf8008ea80 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/cachedump.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/cachedump.c
@@ -679,7 +679,8 @@ load_msg(RES* ssl, sldns_buffer* buf, struct worker* worker)
 	if(!go_on) 
 		return 1; /* skip this one, not all references satisfied */
 
-	if(!dns_cache_store(&worker->env, &qinf, &rep, 0, 0, 0, NULL, flags)) {
+	if(!dns_cache_store(&worker->env, &qinf, &rep, 0, 0, 0, NULL, flags,
+		*worker->env.now)) {
 		log_warn("error out of memory");
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -850,7 +851,7 @@ int print_deleg_lookup(RES* ssl, struct worker* worker, uint8_t* nm,
 	while(1) {
 		dp = dns_cache_find_delegation(&worker->env, nm, nmlen, 
 			qinfo.qtype, qinfo.qclass, region, &msg, 
-			*worker->env.now);
+			*worker->env.now, 0, NULL, 0);
 		if(!dp) {
 			return ssl_printf(ssl, "no delegation from "
 				"cache; goes to configured roots\n");
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/daemon.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/daemon.c
index 0e3923b4e9f..4ed531855ee 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/daemon.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/daemon.c
@@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ daemon_delete(struct daemon* daemon)
 	ub_c_lex_destroy();
 	/* libcrypto cleanup */
 #ifdef HAVE_SSL
-#  if defined(USE_GOST) && defined(HAVE_LDNS_KEY_EVP_UNLOAD_GOST)
+#  if defined(USE_GOST)
 	sldns_key_EVP_unload_gost();
 #  endif
 #  if HAVE_DECL_SSL_COMP_GET_COMPRESSION_METHODS && HAVE_DECL_SK_SSL_COMP_POP_FREE
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/remote.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/remote.c
index 675ef43970d..ec7a4d5d93f 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/remote.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/remote.c
@@ -988,6 +988,8 @@ print_ext(RES* ssl, struct ub_stats_info* s)
 		(unsigned long)s->svr.qtcp)) return 0;
 	if(!ssl_printf(ssl, "num.query.tcpout"SQ"%lu\n", 
 		(unsigned long)s->svr.qtcp_outgoing)) return 0;
+	if(!ssl_printf(ssl, "num.query.udpout"SQ"%lu\n",
+		(unsigned long)s->svr.qudp_outgoing)) return 0;
 	if(!ssl_printf(ssl, "num.query.tls"SQ"%lu\n", 
 		(unsigned long)s->svr.qtls)) return 0;
 	if(!ssl_printf(ssl, "num.query.tls.resume"SQ"%lu\n", 
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/stats.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/stats.c
index d08f18dbb13..57c42827161 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/stats.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/stats.c
@@ -281,6 +281,7 @@ server_stats_compile(struct worker* worker, struct ub_stats_info* s, int reset)
 	/* values from outside network */
 	s->svr.unwanted_replies = (long long)worker->back->unwanted_replies;
 	s->svr.qtcp_outgoing = (long long)worker->back->num_tcp_outgoing;
+	s->svr.qudp_outgoing = (long long)worker->back->num_udp_outgoing;
 
 	/* get and reset validator rrset bogus number */
 	s->svr.rrset_bogus = (long long)get_rrset_bogus(worker, reset);
@@ -424,6 +425,7 @@ void server_stats_add(struct ub_stats_info* total, struct ub_stats_info* a)
 		total->svr.qclass_big += a->svr.qclass_big;
 		total->svr.qtcp += a->svr.qtcp;
 		total->svr.qtcp_outgoing += a->svr.qtcp_outgoing;
+		total->svr.qudp_outgoing += a->svr.qudp_outgoing;
 		total->svr.qtls += a->svr.qtls;
 		total->svr.qtls_resume += a->svr.qtls_resume;
 		total->svr.qhttps += a->svr.qhttps;
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/worker.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/worker.c
index bf8c5d6b676..010c4dc0a28 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/worker.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/daemon/worker.c
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ answer_norec_from_cache(struct worker* worker, struct query_info* qinfo,
 
 	dp = dns_cache_find_delegation(&worker->env, qinfo->qname, 
 		qinfo->qname_len, qinfo->qtype, qinfo->qclass,
-		worker->scratchpad, &msg, timenow);
+		worker->scratchpad, &msg, timenow, 0, NULL, 0);
 	if(!dp) { /* no delegation, need to reprime */
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -1639,10 +1639,11 @@ lookup_cache:
 		is_secure_answer = 0;
 		h = query_info_hash(lookup_qinfo, sldns_buffer_read_u16_at(c->buffer, 2));
 		if((e=slabhash_lookup(worker->env.msg_cache, h, lookup_qinfo, 0))) {
+			struct reply_info* rep = (struct reply_info*)e->data;
 			/* answer from cache - we have acquired a readlock on it */
-			if(answer_from_cache(worker, &qinfo,
-				cinfo, &need_drop, &is_expired_answer, &is_secure_answer,
-				&alias_rrset, &partial_rep, (struct reply_info*)e->data,
+			if(answer_from_cache(worker, &qinfo, cinfo, &need_drop,
+				&is_expired_answer, &is_secure_answer,
+				&alias_rrset, &partial_rep, rep,
 				*(uint16_t*)(void *)sldns_buffer_begin(c->buffer),
 				sldns_buffer_read_u16_at(c->buffer, 2), repinfo,
 				&edns)) {
@@ -1650,15 +1651,13 @@ lookup_cache:
 				 * Note that if there is more than one pass
 				 * its qname must be that used for cache
 				 * lookup. */
-				if((worker->env.cfg->prefetch && *worker->env.now >=
-							((struct reply_info*)e->data)->prefetch_ttl) ||
-						(worker->env.cfg->serve_expired &&
-						*worker->env.now >= ((struct reply_info*)e->data)->ttl)) {
-
-					time_t leeway = ((struct reply_info*)e->
-						data)->ttl - *worker->env.now;
-					if(((struct reply_info*)e->data)->ttl
-						< *worker->env.now)
+				if((worker->env.cfg->prefetch &&
+					*worker->env.now >= rep->prefetch_ttl) ||
+					(worker->env.cfg->serve_expired &&
+					*worker->env.now > rep->ttl)) {
+
+					time_t leeway = rep->ttl - *worker->env.now;
+					if(rep->ttl < *worker->env.now)
 						leeway = 0;
 					lock_rw_unlock(&e->lock);
 
@@ -2218,6 +2217,7 @@ void worker_stats_clear(struct worker* worker)
 	mesh_stats_clear(worker->env.mesh);
 	worker->back->unwanted_replies = 0;
 	worker->back->num_tcp_outgoing = 0;
+	worker->back->num_udp_outgoing = 0;
 }
 
 void worker_start_accept(void* arg)
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/dns64/dns64.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/dns64/dns64.c
index d01b436e1d6..4b98b609e2d 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/dns64/dns64.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/dns64/dns64.c
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ handle_event_moddone(struct module_qstate* qstate, int id)
 	if ( (!iq || !iq->started_no_cache_store) &&
 		qstate->return_msg && qstate->return_msg->rep &&
 		!dns_cache_store(qstate->env, &qstate->qinfo, qstate->return_msg->rep,
-		0, 0, 0, NULL, qstate->query_flags))
+		0, 0, 0, NULL, qstate->query_flags, qstate->qstarttime))
 		log_err("out of memory");
 
 	/* do nothing */
@@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ dns64_inform_super(struct module_qstate* qstate, int id,
 	/* Store the generated response in cache. */
 	if ( (!super_dq || !super_dq->started_no_cache_store) &&
 		!dns_cache_store(super->env, &super->qinfo, super->return_msg->rep,
-		0, 0, 0, NULL, super->query_flags))
+		0, 0, 0, NULL, super->query_flags, qstate->qstarttime))
 		log_err("out of memory");
 }
 
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/Changelog b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/Changelog
index 53a137164e4..9d3523ae9f9 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/Changelog
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/Changelog
@@ -1,9 +1,115 @@
 7 February 2022: Wouter
 	- Fix that TCP interface does not use TLS when TLS is also configured.
 
+1 August 2022: Wouter
+	- Fix the novel ghost domain issues CVE-2022-30698 and CVE-2022-30699.
+	- Tests for ghost domain fixes.
+
+19 July 2022: George
+	- Update documentation for 'outbound-msg-retry:'.
+
+19 July 2022: Wouter
+	- Merge #718: Introduce infra-cache-max-rtt option to config max
+	  retransmit timeout.
+
+15 July 2022: Wouter
+	- Merge PR 714: Avoid treat normal hosts as unresponsive servers.
+	  And fixup the lock code.
+	- iana portlist update.
+
+12 July 2022: George
+	- For windows crosscompile, fix setting the IPV6_MTU socket option
+	  equivalent (IPV6_USER_MTU); allows cross compiling with latest
+	  cross-compiler versions.
+
+12 July 2022: Wouter
+	- Fix dname count in sldns parse type descriptor for SVCB and HTTPS.
+
+11 July 2022: Wouter
+	- Fix verbose EDE error printout.
+
+4 July 2022: George
+	- Fix bug introduced in 'improve val_sigcrypt.c::algo_needs_missing for
+	  one loop pass'.
+	- Merge PR #668 from Cristian Rodríguez: Set IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT on
+	  outbound tcp sockets.
+
+4 July 2022: Wouter
+	- Tag for 1.16.1rc1 release. This became 1.16.1 on 11 July 2022.
+	  The code repo continues with version 1.16.2 under development.
+
+3 July 2022: George
+	- Merge PR #671 from Petr Menšík: Disable ED25519 and ED448 in FIPS
+	  mode on openssl3.
+	- Merge PR #660 from Petr Menšík: Sha1 runtime insecure.
+	- For #660: formatting, less verbose logging, add EDE information.
+	- Fix for correct openssl error when adding windows CA certificates to
+	  the openssl trust store.
+	- Improve val_sigcrypt.c::algo_needs_missing for one loop pass.
+	- Reintroduce documentation and more EDE support for
+	  val_sigcrypt.c::dnskeyset_verify_rrset_sig.
+
+1 July 2022: George
+	- Merge PR #706: NXNS fallback.
+	- From #706: Cached NXDOMAIN does not increase the target nx
+	  responses.
+	- From #706: Don't generate parent side queries if we already
+	  have the lame records in cache.
+	- From #706: When a lame address is the best choice, don't try to
+	  generate target queries when the missing targets are all lame.
+
+29 June 2022: Wouter
+	- iana portlist update.
+	- Fix detection of libz on windows compile with static option.
+	- Fix compile warning for windows compile.
+
+29 June 2022: George
+	- Add debug option to the mini_tdir.sh test code.
+	- Fix #704: [FR] Statistics counter for number of outgoing UDP queries
+	  sent; introduces 'num.query.udpout' to the 'unbound-control stats'
+	  command.
+	- Fix to not count cached NXDOMAIN for MAX_TARGET_NX.
+	- Allow fallback to the parent side when MAX_TARGET_NX is reached.
+	  This will also allow MAX_TARGET_NX more NXDOMAINs.
+
+28 June 2022: George
+	- Show the output of the exact .rpl run that failed with 'make test'.
+	- Fix for cached 0 TTL records to not trigger prefetching when
+	  serve-expired-client-timeout is set.
+
+28 June 2022: Wouter
+	- Fix test program dohclient close to use portability routine.
+
+23 June 2022: Tom
+	- Clarify -v flag manpage entry (#705)
+
+22 June 2022: Philip
+	- Fix #663: use after free issue with edns options.
+
+21 June 2022: Philip
+	- Fix for loading locally stored zones that have lines with blanks or
+	  blanks and comments.
+
+20 June 2022: George
+	- Remove unused LDNS function check for GOST Engine unloading.
+
+14 June 2022: George
+	- Merge PR #688: Rpz url notify issue.
+	- Note in the unbound.conf text that NOTIFY is allowed from the url:
+	  addresses for auth and rpz zones.
+
+3 June 2022: George
+	- Fix for edns client subnet to respect not looking in its cache when
+	  instructed to do so (e.g., prefetch).
+
+3 June 2022: Wouter
+	- makedist.sh picks up 32bit libssp-0.dll when 32bit compile.
+
 27 May 2022: Wouter
 	- Fix #684: [FTBS] configure script error with libmnl on openSUSE 15.3 (and possibly other distributions)
-	- Version is set to 1.16.0 for release. Release tag 1.16.0rc1.
+	- Version is set to 1.16.0 for release. Release tag 1.16.0rc1. This
+	  became release 1.16.0 on 2 June 2022. The source code branch
+	  continues with version 1.16.1 under development.
 
 20 May 2022: Wouter
 	- Fix to silence test for ede error output to the console from the
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/README b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/README
index ea93afddcd5..a6377d85c71 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/README
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/README
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-README for Unbound 1.16.0
+README for Unbound 1.16.2
 Copyright 2007 NLnet Labs
 http://unbound.net
 
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/example.conf.in b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/example.conf.in
index ad4d08ce192..ff0ebd798a0 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/example.conf.in
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/example.conf.in
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #
 # Example configuration file.
 #
-# See unbound.conf(5) man page, version 1.16.0.
+# See unbound.conf(5) man page, version 1.16.2.
 #
 # this is a comment.
 
@@ -168,7 +168,8 @@ server:
 	# perform connect for UDP sockets to mitigate ICMP side channel.
 	# udp-connect: yes
 
-	# The number of retries when a non-positive response is received.
+	# The number of retries, per upstream nameserver in a delegation, when
+	# a throwaway response (also timeouts) is received.
 	# outbound-msg-retry: 5
 
 	# msec for waiting for an unknown server to reply.  Increase if you
@@ -202,6 +203,9 @@ server:
 	# minimum wait time for responses, increase if uplink is long. In msec.
 	# infra-cache-min-rtt: 50
 
+	# maximum wait time for responses. In msec.
+	# infra-cache-max-rtt: 120000
+
 	# enable to make server probe down hosts more frequently.
 	# infra-keep-probing: no
 
@@ -1045,8 +1049,8 @@ remote-control:
 # has a copy of the root for local usage.  The second serves example.org
 # authoritatively.  zonefile: reads from file (and writes to it if you also
 # download it), primary: fetches with AXFR and IXFR, or url to zonefile.
-# With allow-notify: you can give additional (apart from primaries) sources of
-# notifies.
+# With allow-notify: you can give additional (apart from primaries and urls)
+# sources of notifies.
 # auth-zone:
 #	name: "."
 #	primary: 199.9.14.201         # b.root-servers.net
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/libunbound.3.in b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/libunbound.3.in
index b1be90ce0f0..543e628fd22 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/libunbound.3.in
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/libunbound.3.in
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.TH "libunbound" "3" "Jun  2, 2022" "NLnet Labs" "unbound 1.16.0"
+.TH "libunbound" "3" "Aug  1, 2022" "NLnet Labs" "unbound 1.16.2"
 .\"
 .\" libunbound.3 -- unbound library functions manual
 .\"
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 .B ub_ctx_zone_remove,
 .B ub_ctx_data_add,
 .B ub_ctx_data_remove
-\- Unbound DNS validating resolver 1.16.0 functions.
+\- Unbound DNS validating resolver 1.16.2 functions.
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
 .B #include <unbound.h>
 .LP
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound-anchor.8.in b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound-anchor.8.in
index 4da37b1d5ff..7fc31685532 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound-anchor.8.in
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound-anchor.8.in
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.TH "unbound-anchor" "8" "Jun  2, 2022" "NLnet Labs" "unbound 1.16.0"
+.TH "unbound-anchor" "8" "Aug  1, 2022" "NLnet Labs" "unbound 1.16.2"
 .\"
 .\" unbound-anchor.8 -- unbound anchor maintenance utility manual
 .\"
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound-checkconf.8.in b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound-checkconf.8.in
index 4c607a231b9..628f841b36f 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound-checkconf.8.in
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound-checkconf.8.in
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.TH "unbound-checkconf" "8" "Jun  2, 2022" "NLnet Labs" "unbound 1.16.0"
+.TH "unbound-checkconf" "8" "Aug  1, 2022" "NLnet Labs" "unbound 1.16.2"
 .\"
 .\" unbound-checkconf.8 -- unbound configuration checker manual
 .\"
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound-control.8.in b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound-control.8.in
index 3ef1d659f58..d18a407cb5e 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound-control.8.in
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound-control.8.in
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.TH "unbound-control" "8" "Jun  2, 2022" "NLnet Labs" "unbound 1.16.0"
+.TH "unbound-control" "8" "Aug  1, 2022" "NLnet Labs" "unbound 1.16.2"
 .\"
 .\" unbound-control.8 -- unbound remote control manual
 .\"
@@ -552,6 +552,10 @@ Number of queries that were made using TCP towards the Unbound server.
 Number of queries that the Unbound server made using TCP outgoing towards
 other servers.
 .TP
+.I num.query.udpout
+Number of queries that the Unbound server made using UDP outgoing towards
+other servers.
+.TP
 .I num.query.tls
 Number of queries that were made using TLS towards the Unbound server.
 These are also counted in num.query.tcp, because TLS uses TCP.
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound-host.1.in b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound-host.1.in
index a30d1dfd216..d3b701fb9e4 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound-host.1.in
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound-host.1.in
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.TH "unbound\-host" "1" "Jun  2, 2022" "NLnet Labs" "unbound 1.16.0"
+.TH "unbound\-host" "1" "Aug  1, 2022" "NLnet Labs" "unbound 1.16.2"
 .\"
 .\" unbound-host.1 -- unbound DNS lookup utility
 .\"
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound.8.in b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound.8.in
index e3492724c95..73b9e4b7a8d 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound.8.in
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound.8.in
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.TH "unbound" "8" "Jun  2, 2022" "NLnet Labs" "unbound 1.16.0"
+.TH "unbound" "8" "Aug  1, 2022" "NLnet Labs" "unbound 1.16.2"
 .\"
 .\" unbound.8 -- unbound manual
 .\"
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 .\"
 .SH "NAME"
 .B unbound
-\- Unbound DNS validating resolver 1.16.0.
+\- Unbound DNS validating resolver 1.16.2.
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
 .B unbound
 .RB [ \-h ]
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ concurrently.
 .TP
 .B \-v
 Increase verbosity. If given multiple times, more information is logged.
-This is in addition to the verbosity (if any) from the config file.
+This is added to the verbosity (if any) from the config file.
 .TP
 .B \-V
 Show the version number and build options, and exit.
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound.conf.5.in b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound.conf.5.in
index ca2a20eaafb..5642bdc0a44 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound.conf.5.in
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/doc/unbound.conf.5.in
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.TH "unbound.conf" "5" "Jun  2, 2022" "NLnet Labs" "unbound 1.16.0"
+.TH "unbound.conf" "5" "Aug  1, 2022" "NLnet Labs" "unbound 1.16.2"
 .\"
 .\" unbound.conf.5 -- unbound.conf manual
 .\"
@@ -359,6 +359,10 @@ Lower limit for dynamic retransmit timeout calculation in infrastructure
 cache. Default is 50 milliseconds. Increase this value if using forwarders
 needing more time to do recursive name resolution.
 .TP
+.B infra\-cache\-max\-rtt: \fI<msec>
+Upper limit for dynamic retransmit timeout calculation in infrastructure
+cache. Default is 2 minutes.
+.TP
 .B infra\-keep\-probing: \fI<yes or no>
 If enabled the server keeps probing hosts that are down, in the one probe
 at a time regime.  Default is no.  Hosts that are down, eg. they did
@@ -1713,9 +1717,12 @@ set ip\-ratelimit to a suspicious rate to aggressively limit unusually high
 traffic.  Default is off.
 .TP 5
 .B outbound\-msg\-retry: \fI<number>
-The number of retries Unbound will do in case of a non positive response is
-received. If a forward nameserver is used, this is the number of retries per
-forward nameserver in case of throwaway response.
+The number of retries, per upstream nameserver in a delegation, that Unbound
+will attempt in case a throwaway response is received.
+No response (timeout) contributes to the retry counter.
+If a forward/stub zone is used, this is the number of retries per nameserver in
+the zone.
+Default is 5.
 .TP 5
 .B fast\-server\-permil: \fI<number>
 Specify how many times out of 1000 to pick from the set of fastest servers.
@@ -2022,8 +2029,8 @@ With allow\-notify you can specify additional sources of notifies.
 When notified, the server attempts to first probe and then zone transfer.
 If the notify is from a primary, it first attempts that primary.  Otherwise
 other primaries are attempted.  If there are no primaries, but only urls, the
-file is downloaded when notified.  The primaries from primary: statements are
-allowed notify by default.
+file is downloaded when notified.  The primaries from primary: and url:
+statements are allowed notify by default.
 .TP
 .B fallback\-enabled: \fI<yes or no>
 Default no.  If enabled, Unbound falls back to querying the internet as
@@ -2637,8 +2644,8 @@ With allow\-notify you can specify additional sources of notifies.
 When notified, the server attempts to first probe and then zone transfer.
 If the notify is from a primary, it first attempts that primary.  Otherwise
 other primaries are attempted.  If there are no primaries, but only urls, the
-file is downloaded when notified.  The primaries from primary: statements are
-allowed notify by default.
+file is downloaded when notified.  The primaries from primary: and url:
+statements are allowed notify by default.
 .TP
 .B zonefile: \fI<filename>
 The filename where the zone is stored.  If not given then no zonefile is used.
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/edns-subnet/subnetmod.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/edns-subnet/subnetmod.c
index 25190b040d4..75446113b74 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/edns-subnet/subnetmod.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/edns-subnet/subnetmod.c
@@ -93,13 +93,14 @@ subnet_new_qstate(struct module_qstate *qstate, int id)
 	qstate->minfo[id] = sq;
 	memset(sq, 0, sizeof(*sq));
 	sq->started_no_cache_store = qstate->no_cache_store;
+	sq->started_no_cache_lookup = qstate->no_cache_lookup;
 	return 1;
 }
 
 /** Add ecs struct to edns list, after parsing it to wire format. */
 void
 subnet_ecs_opt_list_append(struct ecs_data* ecs, struct edns_option** list,
-	struct module_qstate *qstate)
+	struct module_qstate *qstate, struct regional *region)
 {
 	size_t sn_octs, sn_octs_remainder;
 	sldns_buffer* buf = qstate->env->scratch_buffer;
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ subnet_ecs_opt_list_append(struct ecs_data* ecs, struct edns_option** list,
 		edns_opt_list_append(list,
 				qstate->env->cfg->client_subnet_opcode,
 				sn_octs + sn_octs_remainder + 4,
-				sldns_buffer_begin(buf), qstate->region);
+				sldns_buffer_begin(buf), region);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ int ecs_whitelist_check(struct query_info* qinfo,
 	uint16_t ATTR_UNUSED(flags), struct module_qstate* qstate,
 	struct sockaddr_storage* addr, socklen_t addrlen,
 	uint8_t* ATTR_UNUSED(zone), size_t ATTR_UNUSED(zonelen),
-	struct regional* ATTR_UNUSED(region), int id, void* ATTR_UNUSED(cbargs))
+	struct regional *region, int id, void* ATTR_UNUSED(cbargs))
 {
 	struct subnet_qstate *sq;
 	struct subnet_env *sn_env;
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ int ecs_whitelist_check(struct query_info* qinfo,
 		if(!edns_opt_list_find(qstate->edns_opts_back_out,
 			qstate->env->cfg->client_subnet_opcode)) {
 			subnet_ecs_opt_list_append(&sq->ecs_server_out,
-				&qstate->edns_opts_back_out, qstate);
+				&qstate->edns_opts_back_out, qstate, region);
 		}
 		sq->subnet_sent = 1;
 	}
@@ -331,9 +332,11 @@ update_cache(struct module_qstate *qstate, int id)
 	struct ecs_data *edns = &sq->ecs_client_in;
 	size_t i;
 
-	/* We already calculated hash upon lookup */
-	hashvalue_type h = qstate->minfo[id] ? 
-		((struct subnet_qstate*)qstate->minfo[id])->qinfo_hash : 
+	/* We already calculated hash upon lookup (lookup_and_reply) if we were
+	 * allowed to look in the ECS cache */
+	hashvalue_type h = qstate->minfo[id] &&
+		((struct subnet_qstate*)qstate->minfo[id])->qinfo_hash_calculated?
+		((struct subnet_qstate*)qstate->minfo[id])->qinfo_hash :
 		query_info_hash(&qstate->qinfo, qstate->query_flags);
 	/* Step 1, general qinfo lookup */
 	struct lruhash_entry *lru_entry = slabhash_lookup(subnet_msg_cache, h,
@@ -416,7 +419,10 @@ lookup_and_reply(struct module_qstate *qstate, int id, struct subnet_qstate *sq)
 
 	memset(&sq->ecs_client_out, 0, sizeof(sq->ecs_client_out));
 
-	if (sq) sq->qinfo_hash = h; /* Might be useful on cache miss */
+	if (sq) {
+		sq->qinfo_hash = h; /* Might be useful on cache miss */
+		sq->qinfo_hash_calculated = 1;
+	}
 	e = slabhash_lookup(sne->subnet_msg_cache, h, &qstate->qinfo, 1);
 	if (!e) return 0; /* qinfo not in cache */
 	data = e->data;
@@ -758,18 +764,21 @@ subnetmod_operate(struct module_qstate *qstate, enum module_ev event,
 				return;
 		}
 
-		lock_rw_wrlock(&sne->biglock);
-		if (lookup_and_reply(qstate, id, sq)) {
-			sne->num_msg_cache++;
-			lock_rw_unlock(&sne->biglock);
-			verbose(VERB_QUERY, "subnetcache: answered from cache");
-			qstate->ext_state[id] = module_finished;
+		if(!sq->started_no_cache_lookup && !qstate->blacklist) {
+			lock_rw_wrlock(&sne->biglock);
+			if(lookup_and_reply(qstate, id, sq)) {
+				sne->num_msg_cache++;
+				lock_rw_unlock(&sne->biglock);
+				verbose(VERB_QUERY, "subnetcache: answered from cache");
+				qstate->ext_state[id] = module_finished;
 
-			subnet_ecs_opt_list_append(&sq->ecs_client_out,
-				&qstate->edns_opts_front_out, qstate);
-			return;
+				subnet_ecs_opt_list_append(&sq->ecs_client_out,
+					&qstate->edns_opts_front_out, qstate,
+					qstate->region);
+				return;
+			}
+			lock_rw_unlock(&sne->biglock);
 		}
-		lock_rw_unlock(&sne->biglock);
 		
 		sq->ecs_server_out.subnet_addr_fam =
 			sq->ecs_client_in.subnet_addr_fam;
@@ -812,9 +821,11 @@ subnetmod_operate(struct module_qstate *qstate, enum module_ev event,
 		if(qstate->ext_state[id] == module_finished &&
 			qstate->return_msg) {
 			subnet_ecs_opt_list_append(&sq->ecs_client_out,
-				&qstate->edns_opts_front_out, qstate);
+				&qstate->edns_opts_front_out, qstate,
+				qstate->region);
 		}
 		qstate->no_cache_store = sq->started_no_cache_store;
+		qstate->no_cache_lookup = sq->started_no_cache_lookup;
 		return;
 	}
 	if(sq && outbound) {
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/edns-subnet/subnetmod.h b/usr.sbin/unbound/edns-subnet/subnetmod.h
index c877692b46b..f0bcaad33e1 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/edns-subnet/subnetmod.h
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/edns-subnet/subnetmod.h
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ struct subnet_msg_cache_data {
 struct subnet_qstate {
 	/** We need the hash for both cache lookup and insert */
 	hashvalue_type qinfo_hash;
+	int qinfo_hash_calculated;
 	/** ecs_data for client communication */
 	struct ecs_data	ecs_client_in;
 	struct ecs_data	ecs_client_out;
@@ -92,6 +93,8 @@ struct subnet_qstate {
 	uint8_t max_scope;
 	/** has the subnet module been started with no_cache_store? */
 	int started_no_cache_store;
+	/** has the subnet module been started with no_cache_lookup? */
+	int started_no_cache_lookup;
 };
 
 void subnet_data_delete(void* d, void* ATTR_UNUSED(arg));
@@ -145,7 +148,7 @@ void subnet_markdel(void* key);
 
 /** Add ecs struct to edns list, after parsing it to wire format. */
 void subnet_ecs_opt_list_append(struct ecs_data* ecs, struct edns_option** list,
-	struct module_qstate *qstate);
+	struct module_qstate *qstate, struct regional *region);
 
 /** Create ecs_data from the sockaddr_storage information. */
 void subnet_option_from_ss(struct sockaddr_storage *ss, struct ecs_data* ecs,
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/ipsecmod/ipsecmod.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/ipsecmod/ipsecmod.c
index 577f7112e19..19549d4eefe 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/ipsecmod/ipsecmod.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/ipsecmod/ipsecmod.c
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ ipsecmod_handle_query(struct module_qstate* qstate,
 	/* Store A/AAAA in cache. */
 	if(!dns_cache_store(qstate->env, &qstate->qinfo,
 		qstate->return_msg->rep, 0, qstate->prefetch_leeway,
-		0, qstate->region, qstate->query_flags)) {
+		0, qstate->region, qstate->query_flags, qstate->qstarttime)) {
 		log_err("ipsecmod: out of memory caching record");
 	}
 	qstate->ext_state[id] = module_finished;
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iter_delegpt.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iter_delegpt.c
index 80148e81089..4bffa1b3a7d 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iter_delegpt.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iter_delegpt.c
@@ -185,6 +185,10 @@ delegpt_add_target(struct delegpt* dp, struct regional* region,
 		else	ns->got4 = 1;
 		if(ns->got4 && ns->got6)
 			ns->resolved = 1;
+	} else {
+		if(addr_is_ip6(addr, addrlen))
+			ns->done_pside6 = 1;
+		else	ns->done_pside4 = 1;
 	}
 	log_assert(ns->port>0);
 	return delegpt_add_addr(dp, region, addr, addrlen, bogus, lame,
@@ -338,13 +342,16 @@ delegpt_count_targets(struct delegpt* dp)
 }
 
 size_t 
-delegpt_count_missing_targets(struct delegpt* dp)
+delegpt_count_missing_targets(struct delegpt* dp, int* alllame)
 {
 	struct delegpt_ns* ns;
-	size_t n = 0;
-	for(ns = dp->nslist; ns; ns = ns->next)
-		if(!ns->resolved)
-			n++;
+	size_t n = 0, nlame = 0;
+	for(ns = dp->nslist; ns; ns = ns->next) {
+		if(ns->resolved) continue;
+		n++;
+		if(ns->lame) nlame++;
+	}
+	if(alllame && n == nlame) *alllame = 1;
 	return n;
 }
 
@@ -694,6 +701,10 @@ int delegpt_add_target_mlc(struct delegpt* dp, uint8_t* name, size_t namelen,
 		else	ns->got4 = 1;
 		if(ns->got4 && ns->got6)
 			ns->resolved = 1;
+	} else {
+		if(addr_is_ip6(addr, addrlen))
+			ns->done_pside6 = 1;
+		else	ns->done_pside4 = 1;
 	}
 	log_assert(ns->port>0);
 	return delegpt_add_addr_mlc(dp, addr, addrlen, bogus, lame,
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iter_delegpt.h b/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iter_delegpt.h
index 998b98cd803..62c8edc5122 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iter_delegpt.h
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iter_delegpt.h
@@ -330,9 +330,10 @@ void delegpt_add_unused_targets(struct delegpt* dp);
 /**
  * Count number of missing targets. These are ns names with no resolved flag.
  * @param dp: delegation point.
+ * @param alllame: if set, check if all the missing targets are lame.
  * @return number of missing targets (or 0).
  */
-size_t delegpt_count_missing_targets(struct delegpt* dp);
+size_t delegpt_count_missing_targets(struct delegpt* dp, int* alllame);
 
 /** count total number of targets in dp */
 size_t delegpt_count_targets(struct delegpt* dp);
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iter_utils.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iter_utils.c
index f3bea46d6c9..3e13e595c63 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iter_utils.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iter_utils.c
@@ -70,8 +70,6 @@
 
 /** time when nameserver glue is said to be 'recent' */
 #define SUSPICION_RECENT_EXPIRY 86400
-/** penalty to validation failed blacklisted IPs */
-#define BLACKLIST_PENALTY (USEFUL_SERVER_TOP_TIMEOUT*4)
 
 /** fillup fetch policy array */
 static void
@@ -367,6 +365,7 @@ iter_filter_order(struct iter_env* iter_env, struct module_env* env,
 	struct sock_list* blacklist, time_t prefetch)
 {
 	int got_num = 0, low_rtt = 0, swap_to_front, rtt_band = RTT_BAND, nth;
+	int alllame = 0;
 	size_t num_results;
 	struct delegpt_addr* a, *n, *prev=NULL;
 
@@ -376,7 +375,10 @@ iter_filter_order(struct iter_env* iter_env, struct module_env* env,
 	if(got_num == 0)
 		return 0;
 	if(low_rtt >= USEFUL_SERVER_TOP_TIMEOUT &&
-		(delegpt_count_missing_targets(dp) > 0 || open_target > 0)) {
+		/* If all missing (or not fully resolved) targets are lame,
+		 * then use the remaining lame address. */
+		((delegpt_count_missing_targets(dp, &alllame) > 0 && !alllame) ||
+		open_target > 0)) {
 		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "Bad choices, trying to get more choice");
 		return 0; /* we want more choice. The best choice is a bad one.
 			     return 0 to force the caller to fetch more */
@@ -657,10 +659,10 @@ dns_copy_msg(struct dns_msg* from, struct regional* region)
 void
 iter_dns_store(struct module_env* env, struct query_info* msgqinf,
 	struct reply_info* msgrep, int is_referral, time_t leeway, int pside,
-	struct regional* region, uint16_t flags)
+	struct regional* region, uint16_t flags, time_t qstarttime)
 {
 	if(!dns_cache_store(env, msgqinf, msgrep, is_referral, leeway,
-		pside, region, flags))
+		pside, region, flags, qstarttime))
 		log_err("out of memory: cannot store data in cache");
 }
 
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iter_utils.h b/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iter_utils.h
index c0e5181573f..8583fde58a4 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iter_utils.h
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iter_utils.h
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ struct dns_msg* dns_copy_msg(struct dns_msg* from, struct regional* regional);
  * 	can be prefetch-updates.
  * @param region: to copy modified (cache is better) rrs back to.
  * @param flags: with BIT_CD for dns64 AAAA translated queries.
+ * @param qstarttime: time of query start.
  * return void, because we are not interested in alloc errors,
  * 	the iterator and validator can operate on the results in their
  * 	scratch space (the qstate.region) and are not dependent on the cache.
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ struct dns_msg* dns_copy_msg(struct dns_msg* from, struct regional* regional);
  */
 void iter_dns_store(struct module_env* env, struct query_info* qinf,
 	struct reply_info* rep, int is_referral, time_t leeway, int pside,
-	struct regional* region, uint16_t flags);
+	struct regional* region, uint16_t flags, time_t qstarttime);
 
 /**
  * Select randomly with n/m probability.
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iterator.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iterator.c
index 3cfb286f449..25e5cfee464 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iterator.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iterator.c
@@ -71,6 +71,10 @@
 
 /* in msec */
 int UNKNOWN_SERVER_NICENESS = 376;
+/* in msec */
+int USEFUL_SERVER_TOP_TIMEOUT = 120000;
+/* Equals USEFUL_SERVER_TOP_TIMEOUT*4 */
+int BLACKLIST_PENALTY = (120000*4);
 
 static void target_count_increase_nx(struct iter_qstate* iq, int num);
 
@@ -253,8 +257,9 @@ error_supers(struct module_qstate* qstate, int id, struct module_qstate* super)
 		delegpt_mark_neg(dpns, qstate->qinfo.qtype);
 		dpns->resolved = 1; /* mark as failed */
 		if((dpns->got4 == 2 || !ie->supports_ipv4) &&
-			(dpns->got6 == 2 || !ie->supports_ipv6))
+			(dpns->got6 == 2 || !ie->supports_ipv6)) {
 			target_count_increase_nx(super_iq, 1);
+		}
 	}
 	if(qstate->qinfo.qtype == LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS) {
 		/* prime failed to get delegation */
@@ -370,7 +375,7 @@ error_response_cache(struct module_qstate* qstate, int id, int rcode)
 		err.security = sec_status_indeterminate;
 		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "store error response in message cache");
 		iter_dns_store(qstate->env, &qstate->qinfo, &err, 0, 0, 0, NULL,
-			qstate->query_flags);
+			qstate->query_flags, qstate->qstarttime);
 	}
 	return error_response(qstate, id, rcode);
 }
@@ -678,15 +683,20 @@ is_caps_whitelisted(struct iter_env* ie, struct iter_qstate* iq)
 		iq->qchase.qclass) != NULL;
 }
 
-/** create target count structure for this query */
+/**
+ * Create target count structure for this query. This is always explicitly
+ * created for the parent query.
+ */
 static void
 target_count_create(struct iter_qstate* iq)
 {
 	if(!iq->target_count) {
-		iq->target_count = (int*)calloc(3, sizeof(int));
+		iq->target_count = (int*)calloc(TARGET_COUNT_MAX, sizeof(int));
 		/* if calloc fails we simply do not track this number */
-		if(iq->target_count)
-			iq->target_count[0] = 1;
+		if(iq->target_count) {
+			iq->target_count[TARGET_COUNT_REF] = 1;
+			iq->nxns_dp = (uint8_t**)calloc(1, sizeof(uint8_t*));
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -695,7 +705,7 @@ target_count_increase(struct iter_qstate* iq, int num)
 {
 	target_count_create(iq);
 	if(iq->target_count)
-		iq->target_count[1] += num;
+		iq->target_count[TARGET_COUNT_QUERIES] += num;
 	iq->dp_target_count++;
 }
 
@@ -704,7 +714,7 @@ target_count_increase_nx(struct iter_qstate* iq, int num)
 {
 	target_count_create(iq);
 	if(iq->target_count)
-		iq->target_count[2] += num;
+		iq->target_count[TARGET_COUNT_NX] += num;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -799,8 +809,10 @@ generate_sub_request(uint8_t* qname, size_t qnamelen, uint16_t qtype,
 		subiq->num_target_queries = 0;
 		target_count_create(iq);
 		subiq->target_count = iq->target_count;
-		if(iq->target_count)
-			iq->target_count[0] ++; /* extra reference */
+		if(iq->target_count) {
+			iq->target_count[TARGET_COUNT_REF] ++; /* extra reference */
+			subiq->nxns_dp = iq->nxns_dp;
+		}
 		subiq->dp_target_count = 0;
 		subiq->num_current_queries = 0;
 		subiq->depth = iq->depth+1;
@@ -1477,7 +1489,8 @@ processInitRequest(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 		     iq->dp = dns_cache_find_delegation(qstate->env, delname, 
 			delnamelen, iq->qchase.qtype, iq->qchase.qclass, 
 			qstate->region, &iq->deleg_msg,
-			*qstate->env->now+qstate->prefetch_leeway);
+			*qstate->env->now+qstate->prefetch_leeway, 1,
+			dpname, dpnamelen);
 		else iq->dp = NULL;
 
 		/* If the cache has returned nothing, then we have a 
@@ -1769,7 +1782,8 @@ generate_parentside_target_query(struct module_qstate* qstate,
 			subiq->dp = dns_cache_find_delegation(qstate->env, 
 				name, namelen, qtype, qclass, subq->region,
 				&subiq->deleg_msg,
-				*qstate->env->now+subq->prefetch_leeway); 
+				*qstate->env->now+subq->prefetch_leeway,
+				1, NULL, 0);
 			/* if no dp, then it's from root, refetch unneeded */
 			if(subiq->dp) { 
 				subiq->dnssec_expected = iter_indicates_dnssec(
@@ -1832,7 +1846,7 @@ query_for_targets(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 	int toget = 0;
 
 	iter_mark_cycle_targets(qstate, iq->dp);
-	missing = (int)delegpt_count_missing_targets(iq->dp);
+	missing = (int)delegpt_count_missing_targets(iq->dp, NULL);
 	log_assert(maxtargets != 0); /* that would not be useful */
 
 	/* Generate target requests. Basically, any missing targets
@@ -1851,11 +1865,12 @@ query_for_targets(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 	if(iq->depth == ie->max_dependency_depth)
 		return 0;
 	if(iq->depth > 0 && iq->target_count &&
-		iq->target_count[1] > MAX_TARGET_COUNT) {
+		iq->target_count[TARGET_COUNT_QUERIES] > MAX_TARGET_COUNT) {
 		char s[LDNS_MAX_DOMAINLEN+1];
 		dname_str(qstate->qinfo.qname, s);
 		verbose(VERB_QUERY, "request %s has exceeded the maximum "
-			"number of glue fetches %d", s, iq->target_count[1]);
+			"number of glue fetches %d", s,
+			iq->target_count[TARGET_COUNT_QUERIES]);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	if(iq->dp_target_count > MAX_DP_TARGET_COUNT) {
@@ -1883,7 +1898,9 @@ query_for_targets(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if(ie->supports_ipv6 && !ns->got6) {
+		if(ie->supports_ipv6 &&
+			((ns->lame && !ns->done_pside6) ||
+			(!ns->lame && !ns->got6))) {
 			/* Send the AAAA request. */
 			if(!generate_target_query(qstate, iq, id, 
 				ns->name, ns->namelen,
@@ -1896,7 +1913,9 @@ query_for_targets(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 			query_count++;
 		}
 		/* Send the A request. */
-		if(ie->supports_ipv4 && !ns->got4) {
+		if(ie->supports_ipv4 &&
+			((ns->lame && !ns->done_pside4) ||
+			(!ns->lame && !ns->got4))) {
 			if(!generate_target_query(qstate, iq, id, 
 				ns->name, ns->namelen, 
 				LDNS_RR_TYPE_A, iq->qchase.qclass)) {
@@ -2006,7 +2025,7 @@ processLastResort(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 		return next_state(iq, QUERYTARGETS_STATE);
 	}
 	/* query for an extra name added by the parent-NS record */
-	if(delegpt_count_missing_targets(iq->dp) > 0) {
+	if(delegpt_count_missing_targets(iq->dp, NULL) > 0) {
 		int qs = 0;
 		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "try parent-side target name");
 		if(!query_for_targets(qstate, iq, ie, id, 1, &qs)) {
@@ -2027,11 +2046,12 @@ processLastResort(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 		return error_response_cache(qstate, id, LDNS_RCODE_SERVFAIL);
 	}
 	if(iq->depth > 0 && iq->target_count &&
-		iq->target_count[1] > MAX_TARGET_COUNT) {
+		iq->target_count[TARGET_COUNT_QUERIES] > MAX_TARGET_COUNT) {
 		char s[LDNS_MAX_DOMAINLEN+1];
 		dname_str(qstate->qinfo.qname, s);
 		verbose(VERB_QUERY, "request %s has exceeded the maximum "
-			"number of glue fetches %d", s, iq->target_count[1]);
+			"number of glue fetches %d", s,
+			iq->target_count[TARGET_COUNT_QUERIES]);
 		errinf(qstate, "exceeded the maximum number of glue fetches");
 		return error_response_cache(qstate, id, LDNS_RCODE_SERVFAIL);
 	}
@@ -2158,6 +2178,32 @@ processDSNSFind(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq, int id)
 
 	return 0;
 }
+
+/**
+ * Check if we wait responses for sent queries and update the iterator's
+ * external state.
+ */
+static void
+check_waiting_queries(struct iter_qstate* iq, struct module_qstate* qstate,
+	int id)
+{
+	if(iq->num_target_queries>0 && iq->num_current_queries>0) {
+		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "waiting for %d targets to "
+			"resolve or %d outstanding queries to "
+			"respond", iq->num_target_queries,
+			iq->num_current_queries);
+		qstate->ext_state[id] = module_wait_reply;
+	} else if(iq->num_target_queries>0) {
+		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "waiting for %d targets to "
+			"resolve", iq->num_target_queries);
+		qstate->ext_state[id] = module_wait_subquery;
+	} else {
+		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "waiting for %d "
+			"outstanding queries to respond",
+			iq->num_current_queries);
+		qstate->ext_state[id] = module_wait_reply;
+	}
+}
 	
 /** 
  * This is the request event state where the request will be sent to one of
@@ -2211,12 +2257,91 @@ processQueryTargets(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 		errinf(qstate, "exceeded the maximum number of sends");
 		return error_response(qstate, id, LDNS_RCODE_SERVFAIL);
 	}
-	if(iq->target_count && iq->target_count[2] > MAX_TARGET_NX) {
-		verbose(VERB_QUERY, "request has exceeded the maximum "
-			" number of nxdomain nameserver lookups with %d",
-			iq->target_count[2]);
-		errinf(qstate, "exceeded the maximum nameserver nxdomains");
-		return error_response(qstate, id, LDNS_RCODE_SERVFAIL);
+
+	/* Check if we reached MAX_TARGET_NX limit without a fallback activation. */
+	if(iq->target_count && !*iq->nxns_dp &&
+		iq->target_count[TARGET_COUNT_NX] > MAX_TARGET_NX) {
+		struct delegpt_ns* ns;
+		/* If we can wait for resolution, do so. */
+		if(iq->num_target_queries>0 || iq->num_current_queries>0) {
+			check_waiting_queries(iq, qstate, id);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "request has exceeded the maximum "
+			"number of nxdomain nameserver lookups (%d) with %d",
+			MAX_TARGET_NX, iq->target_count[TARGET_COUNT_NX]);
+		/* Check for dp because we require one below */
+		if(!iq->dp) {
+			verbose(VERB_QUERY, "Failed to get a delegation, "
+				"giving up");
+			errinf(qstate, "failed to get a delegation (eg. prime "
+				"failure)");
+			return error_response(qstate, id, LDNS_RCODE_SERVFAIL);
+		}
+		/* We reached the limit but we already have parent side
+		 * information; stop resolution */
+		if(iq->dp->has_parent_side_NS) {
+			verbose(VERB_ALGO, "parent-side information is "
+				"already present for the delegation point, no "
+				"fallback possible");
+			errinf(qstate, "exceeded the maximum nameserver nxdomains");
+			return error_response(qstate, id, LDNS_RCODE_SERVFAIL);
+		}
+		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "initiating parent-side fallback for "
+			"nxdomain nameserver lookups");
+		/* Mark all the current NSes as resolved to allow for parent
+		 * fallback */
+		for(ns=iq->dp->nslist; ns; ns=ns->next) {
+			ns->resolved = 1;
+		}
+		/* Note the delegation point that triggered the NXNS fallback;
+		 * no reason for shared queries to keep trying there.
+		 * This also marks the fallback activation. */
+		*iq->nxns_dp = malloc(iq->dp->namelen);
+		if(!*iq->nxns_dp) {
+			verbose(VERB_ALGO, "out of memory while initiating "
+				"fallback");
+			errinf(qstate, "exceeded the maximum nameserver "
+				"nxdomains (malloc)");
+			return error_response(qstate, id, LDNS_RCODE_SERVFAIL);
+		}
+		memcpy(*iq->nxns_dp, iq->dp->name, iq->dp->namelen);
+	} else if(iq->target_count && *iq->nxns_dp) {
+		/* Handle the NXNS fallback case. */
+		/* If we can wait for resolution, do so. */
+		if(iq->num_target_queries>0 || iq->num_current_queries>0) {
+			check_waiting_queries(iq, qstate, id);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		/* Check for dp because we require one below */
+		if(!iq->dp) {
+			verbose(VERB_QUERY, "Failed to get a delegation, "
+				"giving up");
+			errinf(qstate, "failed to get a delegation (eg. prime "
+				"failure)");
+			return error_response(qstate, id, LDNS_RCODE_SERVFAIL);
+		}
+
+		if(iq->target_count[TARGET_COUNT_NX] > MAX_TARGET_NX_FALLBACK) {
+			verbose(VERB_ALGO, "request has exceeded the maximum "
+				"number of fallback nxdomain nameserver "
+				"lookups (%d) with %d", MAX_TARGET_NX_FALLBACK,
+				iq->target_count[TARGET_COUNT_NX]);
+			errinf(qstate, "exceeded the maximum nameserver nxdomains");
+			return error_response(qstate, id, LDNS_RCODE_SERVFAIL);
+		}
+
+		if(!iq->dp->has_parent_side_NS) {
+			struct delegpt_ns* ns;
+			if(!dname_canonical_compare(*iq->nxns_dp, iq->dp->name)) {
+				verbose(VERB_ALGO, "this delegation point "
+					"initiated the fallback, marking the "
+					"nslist as resolved");
+				for(ns=iq->dp->nslist; ns; ns=ns->next) {
+					ns->resolved = 1;
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	
 	/* Make sure we have a delegation point, otherwise priming failed
@@ -2434,7 +2559,7 @@ processQueryTargets(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 	 * that servfail is cached, which is not good as opportunism goes. */
 	if(iq->depth < ie->max_dependency_depth
 		&& iq->num_target_queries == 0
-		&& (!iq->target_count || iq->target_count[2]==0)
+		&& (!iq->target_count || iq->target_count[TARGET_COUNT_NX]==0)
 		&& iq->sent_count < TARGET_FETCH_STOP) {
 		tf_policy = ie->target_fetch_policy[iq->depth];
 	}
@@ -2523,9 +2648,9 @@ processQueryTargets(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 	}
 
 	/* Select the next usable target, filtering out unsuitable targets. */
-	target = iter_server_selection(ie, qstate->env, iq->dp, 
+	target = iter_server_selection(ie, qstate->env, iq->dp,
 		iq->dp->name, iq->dp->namelen, iq->qchase.qtype,
-		&iq->dnssec_lame_query, &iq->chase_to_rd, 
+		&iq->dnssec_lame_query, &iq->chase_to_rd,
 		iq->num_target_queries, qstate->blacklist,
 		qstate->prefetch_leeway);
 
@@ -2544,7 +2669,7 @@ processQueryTargets(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 			/* If there is nothing to wait for, then we need 
 			 * to distinguish between generating (a) new target 
 			 * query, or failing. */
-			if(delegpt_count_missing_targets(iq->dp) > 0) {
+			if(delegpt_count_missing_targets(iq->dp, NULL) > 0) {
 				int qs = 0;
 				verbose(VERB_ALGO, "querying for next "
 					"missing target");
@@ -2556,7 +2681,7 @@ processQueryTargets(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 						LDNS_RCODE_SERVFAIL);
 				}
 				if(qs == 0 && 
-				   delegpt_count_missing_targets(iq->dp) == 0){
+				   delegpt_count_missing_targets(iq->dp, NULL) == 0){
 					/* it looked like there were missing
 					 * targets, but they did not turn up.
 					 * Try the bad choices again (if any),
@@ -2595,23 +2720,8 @@ processQueryTargets(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 
 		/* otherwise, we have no current targets, so submerge 
 		 * until one of the target or direct queries return. */
-		if(iq->num_target_queries>0 && iq->num_current_queries>0) {
-			verbose(VERB_ALGO, "no current targets -- waiting "
-				"for %d targets to resolve or %d outstanding"
-				" queries to respond", iq->num_target_queries, 
-				iq->num_current_queries);
-			qstate->ext_state[id] = module_wait_reply;
-		} else if(iq->num_target_queries>0) {
-			verbose(VERB_ALGO, "no current targets -- waiting "
-				"for %d targets to resolve.",
-				iq->num_target_queries);
-			qstate->ext_state[id] = module_wait_subquery;
-		} else {
-			verbose(VERB_ALGO, "no current targets -- waiting "
-				"for %d outstanding queries to respond.",
-				iq->num_current_queries);
-			qstate->ext_state[id] = module_wait_reply;
-		}
+		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "no current targets");
+		check_waiting_queries(iq, qstate, id);
 		/* undo qname minimise step because we'll get back here
 		 * to do it again */
 		if(qout_orig && iq->minimise_count > 0) {
@@ -2839,7 +2949,8 @@ processQueryResponse(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 				iq->qchase.qtype != iq->response->qinfo.qtype,
 				qstate->prefetch_leeway,
 				iq->dp&&iq->dp->has_parent_side_NS,
-				qstate->region, qstate->query_flags);
+				qstate->region, qstate->query_flags,
+				qstate->qstarttime);
 		/* close down outstanding requests to be discarded */
 		outbound_list_clear(&iq->outlist);
 		iq->num_current_queries = 0;
@@ -2928,7 +3039,8 @@ processQueryResponse(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 			/* Store the referral under the current query */
 			/* no prefetch-leeway, since its not the answer */
 			iter_dns_store(qstate->env, &iq->response->qinfo,
-				iq->response->rep, 1, 0, 0, NULL, 0);
+				iq->response->rep, 1, 0, 0, NULL, 0,
+				qstate->qstarttime);
 			if(iq->store_parent_NS)
 				iter_store_parentside_NS(qstate->env, 
 					iq->response->rep);
@@ -3042,7 +3154,7 @@ processQueryResponse(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 			iter_dns_store(qstate->env, &iq->response->qinfo,
 				iq->response->rep, 1, qstate->prefetch_leeway,
 				iq->dp&&iq->dp->has_parent_side_NS, NULL,
-				qstate->query_flags);
+				qstate->query_flags, qstate->qstarttime);
 		/* set the current request's qname to the new value. */
 		iq->qchase.qname = sname;
 		iq->qchase.qname_len = snamelen;
@@ -3383,8 +3495,11 @@ processTargetResponse(struct module_qstate* qstate, int id,
 		delegpt_mark_neg(dpns, qstate->qinfo.qtype);
 		dpns->resolved = 1; /* fail the target */
 		if((dpns->got4 == 2 || !ie->supports_ipv4) &&
-			(dpns->got6 == 2 || !ie->supports_ipv6))
+			(dpns->got6 == 2 || !ie->supports_ipv6) &&
+			/* do not count cached answers */
+			(qstate->reply_origin && qstate->reply_origin->len != 0)) {
 			target_count_increase_nx(foriq, 1);
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -3645,7 +3760,8 @@ processFinished(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 			iter_dns_store(qstate->env, &qstate->qinfo, 
 				iq->response->rep, 0, qstate->prefetch_leeway,
 				iq->dp&&iq->dp->has_parent_side_NS,
-				qstate->region, qstate->query_flags);
+				qstate->region, qstate->query_flags,
+				qstate->qstarttime);
 		}
 	}
 	qstate->return_rcode = LDNS_RCODE_NOERROR;
@@ -4002,8 +4118,11 @@ iter_clear(struct module_qstate* qstate, int id)
 	iq = (struct iter_qstate*)qstate->minfo[id];
 	if(iq) {
 		outbound_list_clear(&iq->outlist);
-		if(iq->target_count && --iq->target_count[0] == 0)
+		if(iq->target_count && --iq->target_count[TARGET_COUNT_REF] == 0) {
 			free(iq->target_count);
+			if(*iq->nxns_dp) free(*iq->nxns_dp);
+			free(iq->nxns_dp);
+		}
 		iq->num_current_queries = 0;
 	}
 	qstate->minfo[id] = NULL;
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iterator.h b/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iterator.h
index 8b840528d9d..b71b7fe9945 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iterator.h
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/iterator/iterator.h
@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ struct rbtree_type;
 /** max number of nxdomains allowed for target lookups for a query and
  * its subqueries */
 #define MAX_TARGET_NX		5
+/** max number of nxdomains allowed for target lookups for a query and
+ * its subqueries when fallback has kicked in */
+#define MAX_TARGET_NX_FALLBACK	(MAX_TARGET_NX*2)
 /** max number of query restarts. Determines max number of CNAME chain. */
 #define MAX_RESTART_COUNT	11
 /** max number of referrals. Makes sure resolver does not run away */
@@ -91,15 +94,17 @@ struct rbtree_type;
 extern int UNKNOWN_SERVER_NICENESS;
 /** maximum timeout before a host is deemed unsuitable, in msec. 
  * After host_ttl this will be timed out and the host will be tried again. 
- * Equals RTT_MAX_TIMEOUT
- */
-#define USEFUL_SERVER_TOP_TIMEOUT	120000
+ * Equals RTT_MAX_TIMEOUT, and thus when RTT_MAX_TIMEOUT is overwritten by
+ * config infra_cache_max_rtt, it will be overwritten as well. */
+extern int USEFUL_SERVER_TOP_TIMEOUT;
+/** penalty to validation failed blacklisted IPs
+ * Equals USEFUL_SERVER_TOP_TIMEOUT*4, and thus when RTT_MAX_TIMEOUT is
+ * overwritten by config infra_cache_max_rtt, it will be overwritten as well. */
+extern int BLACKLIST_PENALTY;
 /** RTT band, within this amount from the best, servers are chosen randomly.
  * Chosen so that the UNKNOWN_SERVER_NICENESS falls within the band of a 
  * fast server, this causes server exploration as a side benefit. msec. */
 #define RTT_BAND 400
-/** Start value for blacklisting a host, 2*USEFUL_SERVER_TOP_TIMEOUT in sec */
-#define INFRA_BACKOFF_INITIAL 240
 
 /**
  * Global state for the iterator. 
@@ -217,6 +222,21 @@ enum iter_state {
 	FINISHED_STATE
 };
 
+/**
+ * Shared counters for queries.
+ */
+enum target_count_variables {
+	/** Reference count for the shared iter_qstate->target_count. */
+	TARGET_COUNT_REF = 0,
+	/** Number of target queries spawned for the query and subqueries. */
+	TARGET_COUNT_QUERIES,
+	/** Number of nxdomain responses encountered. */
+	TARGET_COUNT_NX,
+
+	/** This should stay last here, it is used for the allocation */
+	TARGET_COUNT_MAX,
+};
+
 /**
  * Per query state for the iterator module.
  */
@@ -310,15 +330,20 @@ struct iter_qstate {
 	/** number of queries fired off */
 	int sent_count;
 	
-	/** number of target queries spawned in [1], for this query and its
-	 * subqueries, the malloced-array is shared, [0] refcount.
-	 * in [2] the number of nxdomains is counted. */
+	/** malloced-array shared with this query and its subqueries. It keeps
+	 * track of the defined enum target_count_variables counters. */
 	int* target_count;
 
 	/** number of target lookups per delegation point. Reset to 0 after
 	 * receiving referral answer. Not shared with subqueries. */
 	int dp_target_count;
 
+	/** Delegation point that triggered the NXNS fallback; shared with
+	 * this query and its subqueries, count-referenced by the reference
+	 * counter in target_count.
+	 * This also marks the fallback activation. */
+	uint8_t** nxns_dp;
+
 	/** if true, already tested for ratelimiting and passed the test */
 	int ratelimit_ok;
 
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/libunbound/unbound.h b/usr.sbin/unbound/libunbound/unbound.h
index ee855875906..c779d183e38 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/libunbound/unbound.h
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/libunbound/unbound.h
@@ -725,6 +725,8 @@ struct ub_server_stats {
 	long long qtcp;
 	/** number of outgoing queries over TCP */
 	long long qtcp_outgoing;
+	/** number of outgoing queries over UDP */
+	long long qudp_outgoing;
 	/** number of queries over (DNS over) TLS */
 	long long qtls;
 	/** number of queries over (DNS over) HTTPS */
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/services/authzone.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/services/authzone.c
index 02fb621a22f..b9e0b11ef3b 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/services/authzone.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/services/authzone.c
@@ -3967,7 +3967,7 @@ probe_copy_masters_for_allow_notify(struct auth_xfer* xfr)
 	struct auth_master* list = NULL, *last = NULL;
 	struct auth_master* p;
 	/* build up new list with copies */
-	for(p = xfr->task_probe->masters; p; p=p->next) {
+	for(p = xfr->task_transfer->masters; p; p=p->next) {
 		struct auth_master* m = auth_master_copy(p);
 		if(!m) {
 			auth_free_masters(list);
@@ -5512,6 +5512,8 @@ xfr_transfer_init_fetch(struct auth_xfer* xfr, struct module_env* env)
 			addr_to_str(&addr, addrlen, as, sizeof(as));
 			verbose(VERB_ALGO, "auth zone %s transfer next HTTP fetch from %s started", zname, as);
 		}
+		/* Create or refresh the list of allow_notify addrs */
+		probe_copy_masters_for_allow_notify(xfr);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
@@ -8187,7 +8189,6 @@ auth_zone_verify_zonemd_key_with_ds(struct auth_zone* z,
 	keystorage->rk.type = htons(LDNS_RR_TYPE_DNSKEY);
 	keystorage->rk.rrset_class = htons(z->dclass);
 	auth_zone_log(z->name, VERB_QUERY, "zonemd: verify zone DNSKEY with DS");
-	// @TODO add EDE here? we currently just pass NULL
 	sec = val_verify_DNSKEY_with_DS(env, ve, keystorage, ds, sigalg,
 		why_bogus, NULL, NULL);
 	regional_free_all(env->scratch);
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/services/cache/dns.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/services/cache/dns.c
index f6c11451c93..6bca8d85fad 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/services/cache/dns.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/services/cache/dns.c
@@ -68,11 +68,16 @@
  * 	in a prefetch situation to be updated (without becoming sticky).
  * @param qrep: update rrsets here if cache is better
  * @param region: for qrep allocs.
+ * @param qstarttime: time when delegations were looked up, this is perhaps
+ *	earlier than the time in now. The time is used to determine if RRsets
+ *	of type NS have expired, so that they can only be updated using
+ *	lookups of delegation points that did not use them, since they had
+ *	expired then.
  */
 static void
 store_rrsets(struct module_env* env, struct reply_info* rep, time_t now,
 	time_t leeway, int pside, struct reply_info* qrep,
-	struct regional* region)
+	struct regional* region, time_t qstarttime)
 {
 	size_t i;
 	/* see if rrset already exists in cache, if not insert it. */
@@ -81,8 +86,8 @@ store_rrsets(struct module_env* env, struct reply_info* rep, time_t now,
 		rep->ref[i].id = rep->rrsets[i]->id;
 		/* update ref if it was in the cache */
 		switch(rrset_cache_update(env->rrset_cache, &rep->ref[i],
-				env->alloc, now + ((ntohs(rep->ref[i].key->rk.type)==
-				LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS && !pside)?0:leeway))) {
+				env->alloc, ((ntohs(rep->ref[i].key->rk.type)==
+				LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS && !pside)?qstarttime:now + leeway))) {
 		case 0: /* ref unchanged, item inserted */
 			break;
 		case 2: /* ref updated, cache is superior */
@@ -155,7 +160,8 @@ msg_del_servfail(struct module_env* env, struct query_info* qinfo,
 void 
 dns_cache_store_msg(struct module_env* env, struct query_info* qinfo,
 	hashvalue_type hash, struct reply_info* rep, time_t leeway, int pside,
-	struct reply_info* qrep, uint32_t flags, struct regional* region)
+	struct reply_info* qrep, uint32_t flags, struct regional* region,
+	time_t qstarttime)
 {
 	struct msgreply_entry* e;
 	time_t ttl = rep->ttl;
@@ -170,7 +176,8 @@ dns_cache_store_msg(struct module_env* env, struct query_info* qinfo,
 	/* there was a reply_info_sortref(rep) here but it seems to be
 	 * unnecessary, because the cache gets locked per rrset. */
 	reply_info_set_ttls(rep, *env->now);
-	store_rrsets(env, rep, *env->now, leeway, pside, qrep, region);
+	store_rrsets(env, rep, *env->now, leeway, pside, qrep, region,
+		qstarttime);
 	if(ttl == 0 && !(flags & DNSCACHE_STORE_ZEROTTL)) {
 		/* we do not store the message, but we did store the RRs,
 		 * which could be useful for delegation information */
@@ -194,10 +201,51 @@ dns_cache_store_msg(struct module_env* env, struct query_info* qinfo,
 	slabhash_insert(env->msg_cache, hash, &e->entry, rep, env->alloc);
 }
 
+/** see if an rrset is expired above the qname, return upper qname. */
+static int
+rrset_expired_above(struct module_env* env, uint8_t** qname, size_t* qnamelen,
+	uint16_t searchtype, uint16_t qclass, time_t now, uint8_t* expiretop,
+	size_t expiretoplen)
+{
+	struct ub_packed_rrset_key *rrset;
+	uint8_t lablen;
+
+	while(*qnamelen > 0) {
+		/* look one label higher */
+		lablen = **qname;
+		*qname += lablen + 1;
+		*qnamelen -= lablen + 1;
+		if(*qnamelen <= 0)
+			break;
+
+		/* looks up with a time of 0, to see expired entries */
+		if((rrset = rrset_cache_lookup(env->rrset_cache, *qname,
+			*qnamelen, searchtype, qclass, 0, 0, 0))) {
+			struct packed_rrset_data* data =
+				(struct packed_rrset_data*)rrset->entry.data;
+			if(now > data->ttl) {
+				/* it is expired, this is not wanted */
+				lock_rw_unlock(&rrset->entry.lock);
+				log_nametypeclass(VERB_ALGO, "this rrset is expired", *qname, searchtype, qclass);
+				return 1;
+			}
+			/* it is not expired, continue looking */
+			lock_rw_unlock(&rrset->entry.lock);
+		}
+
+		/* do not look above the expiretop. */
+		if(expiretop && *qnamelen == expiretoplen &&
+			query_dname_compare(*qname, expiretop)==0)
+			break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /** find closest NS or DNAME and returns the rrset (locked) */
 static struct ub_packed_rrset_key*
 find_closest_of_type(struct module_env* env, uint8_t* qname, size_t qnamelen, 
-	uint16_t qclass, time_t now, uint16_t searchtype, int stripfront)
+	uint16_t qclass, time_t now, uint16_t searchtype, int stripfront,
+	int noexpiredabove, uint8_t* expiretop, size_t expiretoplen)
 {
 	struct ub_packed_rrset_key *rrset;
 	uint8_t lablen;
@@ -212,8 +260,40 @@ find_closest_of_type(struct module_env* env, uint8_t* qname, size_t qnamelen,
 	/* snip off front part of qname until the type is found */
 	while(qnamelen > 0) {
 		if((rrset = rrset_cache_lookup(env->rrset_cache, qname, 
-			qnamelen, searchtype, qclass, 0, now, 0)))
-			return rrset;
+			qnamelen, searchtype, qclass, 0, now, 0))) {
+			uint8_t* origqname = qname;
+			size_t origqnamelen = qnamelen;
+			if(!noexpiredabove)
+				return rrset;
+			/* if expiretop set, do not look above it, but
+			 * qname is equal, so the just found result is also
+			 * the nonexpired above part. */
+			if(expiretop && qnamelen == expiretoplen &&
+				query_dname_compare(qname, expiretop)==0)
+				return rrset;
+			/* check for expiry, but we have to let go of the rrset
+			 * for the lock ordering */
+			lock_rw_unlock(&rrset->entry.lock);
+			/* the expired_above function always takes off one
+			 * label (if qnamelen>0) and returns the final qname
+			 * where it searched, so we can continue from there
+			 * turning the O N*N search into O N. */
+			if(!rrset_expired_above(env, &qname, &qnamelen,
+				searchtype, qclass, now, expiretop,
+				expiretoplen)) {
+				/* we want to return rrset, but it may be
+				 * gone from cache, if so, just loop like
+				 * it was not in the cache in the first place.
+				 */
+				if((rrset = rrset_cache_lookup(env->
+					rrset_cache, origqname, origqnamelen,
+					searchtype, qclass, 0, now, 0))) {
+					return rrset;
+				}
+			}
+			log_nametypeclass(VERB_ALGO, "ignoring rrset because expired rrsets exist above it", origqname, searchtype, qclass);
+			continue;
+		}
 
 		/* snip off front label */
 		lablen = *qname;
@@ -462,7 +542,8 @@ dns_msg_ansadd(struct dns_msg* msg, struct regional* region,
 struct delegpt* 
 dns_cache_find_delegation(struct module_env* env, uint8_t* qname, 
 	size_t qnamelen, uint16_t qtype, uint16_t qclass, 
-	struct regional* region, struct dns_msg** msg, time_t now)
+	struct regional* region, struct dns_msg** msg, time_t now,
+	int noexpiredabove, uint8_t* expiretop, size_t expiretoplen)
 {
 	/* try to find closest NS rrset */
 	struct ub_packed_rrset_key* nskey;
@@ -470,7 +551,7 @@ dns_cache_find_delegation(struct module_env* env, uint8_t* qname,
 	struct delegpt* dp;
 
 	nskey = find_closest_of_type(env, qname, qnamelen, qclass, now,
-		LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS, 0);
+		LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS, 0, noexpiredabove, expiretop, expiretoplen);
 	if(!nskey) /* hope the caller has hints to prime or something */
 		return NULL;
 	nsdata = (struct packed_rrset_data*)nskey->entry.data;
@@ -840,7 +921,7 @@ dns_cache_lookup(struct module_env* env,
 	 * consistent with the DNAME */
 	if(!no_partial &&
 		(rrset=find_closest_of_type(env, qname, qnamelen, qclass, now,
-		LDNS_RR_TYPE_DNAME, 1))) {
+		LDNS_RR_TYPE_DNAME, 1, 0, NULL, 0))) {
 		/* synthesize a DNAME+CNAME message based on this */
 		enum sec_status sec_status = sec_status_unchecked;
 		struct dns_msg* msg = synth_dname_msg(rrset, region, now, &k,
@@ -973,7 +1054,7 @@ dns_cache_lookup(struct module_env* env,
 int
 dns_cache_store(struct module_env* env, struct query_info* msgqinf,
         struct reply_info* msgrep, int is_referral, time_t leeway, int pside,
-	struct regional* region, uint32_t flags)
+	struct regional* region, uint32_t flags, time_t qstarttime)
 {
 	struct reply_info* rep = NULL;
 	/* alloc, malloc properly (not in region, like msg is) */
@@ -996,9 +1077,9 @@ dns_cache_store(struct module_env* env, struct query_info* msgqinf,
 			/*ignore ret: it was in the cache, ref updated */
 			/* no leeway for typeNS */
 			(void)rrset_cache_update(env->rrset_cache, &ref, 
-				env->alloc, *env->now + 
+				env->alloc,
 				((ntohs(ref.key->rk.type)==LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS
-				 && !pside) ? 0:leeway));
+				 && !pside) ? qstarttime:*env->now + leeway));
 		}
 		free(rep);
 		return 1;
@@ -1020,7 +1101,7 @@ dns_cache_store(struct module_env* env, struct query_info* msgqinf,
 		rep->flags &= ~(BIT_AA | BIT_CD);
 		h = query_info_hash(&qinf, (uint16_t)flags);
 		dns_cache_store_msg(env, &qinf, h, rep, leeway, pside, msgrep,
-			flags, region);
+			flags, region, qstarttime);
 		/* qname is used inside query_info_entrysetup, and set to 
 		 * NULL. If it has not been used, free it. free(0) is safe. */
 		free(qinf.qname);
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/services/cache/dns.h b/usr.sbin/unbound/services/cache/dns.h
index bece8370296..147f992cbc7 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/services/cache/dns.h
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/services/cache/dns.h
@@ -88,11 +88,13 @@ struct dns_msg {
  * @param flags: flags with BIT_CD for AAAA queries in dns64 translation.
  *   The higher 16 bits are used internally to customize the cache policy.
  *   (See DNSCACHE_STORE_xxx flags).
+ * @param qstarttime: time when the query was started, and thus when the
+ * 	delegations were looked up.
  * @return 0 on alloc error (out of memory).
  */
 int dns_cache_store(struct module_env* env, struct query_info* qinf,
         struct reply_info* rep, int is_referral, time_t leeway, int pside,
-	struct regional* region, uint32_t flags);
+	struct regional* region, uint32_t flags, time_t qstarttime);
 
 /**
  * Store message in the cache. Stores in message cache and rrset cache.
@@ -112,11 +114,14 @@ int dns_cache_store(struct module_env* env, struct query_info* qinf,
  * 	can be updated to full TTL even in prefetch situations.
  * @param qrep: message that can be altered with better rrs from cache.
  * @param flags: customization flags for the cache policy.
+ * @param qstarttime: time when the query was started, and thus when the
+ * 	delegations were looked up.
  * @param region: to allocate into for qmsg.
  */
 void dns_cache_store_msg(struct module_env* env, struct query_info* qinfo,
 	hashvalue_type hash, struct reply_info* rep, time_t leeway, int pside,
-	struct reply_info* qrep, uint32_t flags, struct regional* region);
+	struct reply_info* qrep, uint32_t flags, struct regional* region,
+	time_t qstarttime);
 
 /**
  * Find a delegation from the cache.
@@ -129,11 +134,18 @@ void dns_cache_store_msg(struct module_env* env, struct query_info* qinfo,
  * @param msg: if not NULL, delegation message is returned here, synthesized
  *	from the cache.
  * @param timenow: the time now, for checking if TTL on cache entries is OK.
+ * @param noexpiredabove: if set, no expired NS rrsets above the one found
+ * 	are tolerated. It only returns delegations where the delegations above
+ * 	it are valid.
+ * @param expiretop: if not NULL, name where check for expiry ends for
+ * 	noexpiredabove.
+ * @param expiretoplen: length of expiretop dname.
  * @return new delegation or NULL on error or if not found in cache.
  */
 struct delegpt* dns_cache_find_delegation(struct module_env* env, 
 	uint8_t* qname, size_t qnamelen, uint16_t qtype, uint16_t qclass, 
-	struct regional* region, struct dns_msg** msg, time_t timenow);
+	struct regional* region, struct dns_msg** msg, time_t timenow,
+	int noexpiredabove, uint8_t* expiretop, size_t expiretoplen);
 
 /**
  * generate dns_msg from cached message
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/services/cache/infra.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/services/cache/infra.c
index 252e1e288b3..0461c815b86 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/services/cache/infra.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/services/cache/infra.c
@@ -721,13 +721,13 @@ infra_get_lame_rtt(struct infra_cache* infra,
 			else	*rtt = USEFUL_SERVER_TOP_TIMEOUT-1000;
 		}
 	}
+	/* expired entry */
 	if(timenow > host->ttl) {
-		/* expired entry */
+
 		/* see if this can be a re-probe of an unresponsive server */
 		/* minus 1000 because that is outside of the RTTBAND, so
 		 * blacklisted servers stay blacklisted if this is chosen */
-		if(host->rtt.rto >= USEFUL_SERVER_TOP_TIMEOUT ||
-			infra->infra_keep_probing) {
+		if(host->rtt.rto >= USEFUL_SERVER_TOP_TIMEOUT) {
 			lock_rw_unlock(&e->lock);
 			*rtt = USEFUL_SERVER_TOP_TIMEOUT-1000;
 			*lame = 0;
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/services/listen_dnsport.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/services/listen_dnsport.c
index 03153bd6477..1c7c177a007 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/services/listen_dnsport.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/services/listen_dnsport.c
@@ -490,6 +490,7 @@ create_udp_sock(int family, int socktype, struct sockaddr* addr,
 			return -1;
 		}
 # elif defined(IPV6_MTU)
+#   ifndef USE_WINSOCK
 		/*
 		 * On Linux, to send no larger than 1280, the PMTUD is
 		 * disabled by default for datagrams anyway, so we set
@@ -497,13 +498,27 @@ create_udp_sock(int family, int socktype, struct sockaddr* addr,
 		 */
 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MTU,
 			(void*)&mtu, (socklen_t)sizeof(mtu)) < 0) {
-			log_err("setsockopt(..., IPV6_MTU, ...) failed: %s", 
+			log_err("setsockopt(..., IPV6_MTU, ...) failed: %s",
 				sock_strerror(errno));
 			sock_close(s);
 			*noproto = 0;
 			*inuse = 0;
 			return -1;
 		}
+#   elif defined(IPV6_USER_MTU)
+		/* As later versions of the mingw crosscompiler define
+		 * IPV6_MTU, do the same for windows but use IPV6_USER_MTU
+		 * instead which is writable; IPV6_MTU is readonly there. */
+		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_USER_MTU,
+			(void*)&mtu, (socklen_t)sizeof(mtu)) < 0) {
+			log_err("setsockopt(..., IPV6_USER_MTU, ...) failed: %s",
+				wsa_strerror(WSAGetLastError()));
+			sock_close(s);
+			*noproto = 0;
+			*inuse = 0;
+			return -1;
+		}
+#   endif /* USE_WINSOCK */
 # endif /* IPv6 MTU */
 # if defined(IPV6_MTU_DISCOVER) && defined(IP_PMTUDISC_DONT)
 #  if defined(IP_PMTUDISC_OMIT)
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/services/mesh.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/services/mesh.c
index fbaa966bdd0..30bcf7cda15 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/services/mesh.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/services/mesh.c
@@ -811,7 +811,8 @@ static void mesh_schedule_prefetch_subnet(struct mesh_area* mesh,
 			log_err("prefetch_subnet subnet_option_from_ss: invalid data");
 			return;
 		}
-		subnet_ecs_opt_list_append(&ecs, &s->s.edns_opts_front_in, &s->s);
+		subnet_ecs_opt_list_append(&ecs, &s->s.edns_opts_front_in,
+			&s->s, s->s.region);
 		if(!s->s.edns_opts_front_in) {
 			log_err("prefetch_subnet subnet_ecs_opt_list_append: out of memory");
 			return;
@@ -953,6 +954,7 @@ mesh_state_create(struct module_env* env, struct query_info* qinfo,
 	mstate->s.no_cache_store = 0;
 	mstate->s.need_refetch = 0;
 	mstate->s.was_ratelimited = 0;
+	mstate->s.qstarttime = *env->now;
 
 	/* init modules */
 	for(i=0; i<env->mesh->mods.num; i++) {
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/services/outside_network.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/services/outside_network.c
index ec37a4a80d7..3f479a3a36f 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/services/outside_network.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/services/outside_network.c
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ outnet_get_tcp_fd(struct sockaddr_storage* addr, socklen_t addrlen, int tcp_mss,
 	int s;
 	int af;
 	char* err;
-#ifdef SO_REUSEADDR
+#if defined(SO_REUSEADDR) || defined(IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT)
 	int on = 1;
 #endif
 #ifdef INET6
@@ -317,7 +317,13 @@ outnet_get_tcp_fd(struct sockaddr_storage* addr, socklen_t addrlen, int tcp_mss,
 			" setsockopt(TCP_MAXSEG) unsupported");
 #endif /* defined(IPPROTO_TCP) && defined(TCP_MAXSEG) */
 	}
-
+#ifdef IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT
+	if(setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT, (void*)&on,
+		(socklen_t)sizeof(on)) < 0) {
+		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "outgoing tcp:"
+			" setsockopt(.. IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT ..) failed");
+	}
+#endif /* IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT */
 	return s;
 }
 
@@ -1608,6 +1614,7 @@ outside_network_create(struct comm_base *base, size_t bufsize,
 	outnet->tcp_reuse_timeout= tcp_reuse_timeout;
 	outnet->tcp_auth_query_timeout = tcp_auth_query_timeout;
 	outnet->num_tcp_outgoing = 0;
+	outnet->num_udp_outgoing = 0;
 	outnet->infra = infra;
 	outnet->rnd = rnd;
 	outnet->sslctx = sslctx;
@@ -2142,6 +2149,7 @@ randomize_and_send_udp(struct pending* pend, sldns_buffer* packet, int timeout)
 		portcomm_loweruse(outnet, pend->pc);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	outnet->num_udp_outgoing++;
 
 	/* system calls to set timeout after sending UDP to make roundtrip
 	   smaller. */
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/services/outside_network.h b/usr.sbin/unbound/services/outside_network.h
index 4c5b96f8342..c383b8f09e2 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/services/outside_network.h
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/services/outside_network.h
@@ -113,6 +113,8 @@ struct outside_network {
 	/** if we perform udp-connect, connect() for UDP socket to mitigate
 	 * ICMP side channel leakage */
 	int udp_connect;
+	/** number of udp packets sent. */
+	size_t num_udp_outgoing;
 
 	/** array of outgoing IP4 interfaces */
 	struct port_if* ip4_ifs;
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/sldns/parse.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/sldns/parse.c
index 491c8f51bf1..8ea084661db 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/sldns/parse.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/sldns/parse.c
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ sldns_fget_token_l(FILE *f, char *token, const char *delim, size_t limit, int *l
 {
 	int c, prev_c;
 	int p; /* 0 -> no parentheses seen, >0 nr of ( seen */
-	int com, quoted;
+	int com, quoted, only_blank;
 	char *t;
 	size_t i;
 	const char *d;
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ sldns_fget_token_l(FILE *f, char *token, const char *delim, size_t limit, int *l
 	com = 0;
 	quoted = 0;
 	prev_c = 0;
+	only_blank = 1;	/* Assume we got only <blank> until now */
 	t = token;
 	if (del[0] == '"') {
 		quoted = 1;
@@ -101,6 +102,22 @@ sldns_fget_token_l(FILE *f, char *token, const char *delim, size_t limit, int *l
 			if (line_nr) {
 				*line_nr = *line_nr + 1;
 			}
+			if (only_blank && i > 0) {
+				/* Got only <blank> so far. Reset and try
+				 * again with the next line.
+				 */
+				i = 0;
+				t = token;
+			}
+			if (p == 0) {
+				/* If p != 0 then the next line is a continuation. So
+				 * we assume that the next line starts with a blank only
+				 * if it is actually a new line.
+				 */
+				only_blank = 1;	/* Assume next line starts with
+						 * <blank>.
+						 */
+			}
 			if (p == 0 && i > 0) {
 				goto tokenread;
 			} else {
@@ -131,12 +148,29 @@ sldns_fget_token_l(FILE *f, char *token, const char *delim, size_t limit, int *l
 
 		/* check if we hit the delim */
 		for (d = del; *d; d++) {
-			if (c == *d && i > 0 && prev_c != '\\' && p == 0) {
-				if (c == '\n' && line_nr) {
-					*line_nr = *line_nr + 1;
-				}
-				goto tokenread;
+			if (c == *d)
+				break;
+		}
+
+		if (c == *d && i > 0 && prev_c != '\\' && p == 0) {
+			if (c == '\n' && line_nr) {
+				*line_nr = *line_nr + 1;
 			}
+			if (only_blank) {
+				/* Got only <blank> so far. Reset and
+				 * try again with the next line.
+				 */
+				i = 0;
+				t = token;
+				only_blank = 1;
+				prev_c = c;
+				continue;
+			}
+			goto tokenread;
+		}
+		if (c != ' ' && c != '\t') {
+			/* Found something that is not <blank> */
+			only_blank= 0;
 		}
 		if (c != '\0' && c != '\n') {
 			i++;
@@ -149,8 +183,13 @@ sldns_fget_token_l(FILE *f, char *token, const char *delim, size_t limit, int *l
 		if (c != '\0' && c != '\n') {
 			*t++ = c;
 		}
-		if (c == '\n' && line_nr) {
-			*line_nr = *line_nr + 1;
+		if (c == '\n') {
+			if (line_nr) {
+				*line_nr = *line_nr + 1;
+			}
+			only_blank = 1;	/* Assume next line starts with
+					 * <blank>.
+					 */
 		}
 		if (c == '\\' && prev_c == '\\')
 			prev_c = 0;
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/sldns/rrdef.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/sldns/rrdef.c
index fe5c8e104a8..322eff096c0 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/sldns/rrdef.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/sldns/rrdef.c
@@ -381,9 +381,9 @@ static sldns_rr_descriptor rdata_field_descriptors[] = {
 	/* 63 */
 	{LDNS_RR_TYPE_ZONEMD, "ZONEMD", 4, 4, type_zonemd_wireformat, LDNS_RDF_TYPE_NONE, LDNS_RR_NO_COMPRESS, 0 },
 	/* 64 */
-	{LDNS_RR_TYPE_SVCB, "SVCB", 2, 2, type_svcb_wireformat, LDNS_RDF_TYPE_SVCPARAM, LDNS_RR_NO_COMPRESS, 0 },
+	{LDNS_RR_TYPE_SVCB, "SVCB", 2, 2, type_svcb_wireformat, LDNS_RDF_TYPE_SVCPARAM, LDNS_RR_NO_COMPRESS, 1 },
 	/* 65 */
-	{LDNS_RR_TYPE_HTTPS, "HTTPS", 2, 2, type_svcb_wireformat, LDNS_RDF_TYPE_SVCPARAM, LDNS_RR_NO_COMPRESS, 0 },
+	{LDNS_RR_TYPE_HTTPS, "HTTPS", 2, 2, type_svcb_wireformat, LDNS_RDF_TYPE_SVCPARAM, LDNS_RR_NO_COMPRESS, 1 },
 {(enum sldns_enum_rr_type)0, "TYPE66", 1, 1, type_0_wireformat, LDNS_RDF_TYPE_NONE, LDNS_RR_NO_COMPRESS, 0 },
 {(enum sldns_enum_rr_type)0, "TYPE67", 1, 1, type_0_wireformat, LDNS_RDF_TYPE_NONE, LDNS_RR_NO_COMPRESS, 0 },
 {(enum sldns_enum_rr_type)0, "TYPE68", 1, 1, type_0_wireformat, LDNS_RDF_TYPE_NONE, LDNS_RR_NO_COMPRESS, 0 },
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/sldns/wire2str.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/sldns/wire2str.c
index d6fb289650b..74d1b62dfe8 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/sldns/wire2str.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/sldns/wire2str.c
@@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@ static int sldns_wire2str_svcparam_mandatory2str(char** s,
 	assert(data_len > 0);
 
 	if (data_len % sizeof(uint16_t))
-		return -1; // wireformat error, data_len must be multiple of shorts
+		return -1; /* wireformat error, data_len must be multiple of shorts */
 	w += sldns_str_print(s, slen, "=");
 	w += sldns_print_svcparamkey(s, slen, sldns_read_uint16(data));
 	data += 2;
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/smallapp/unbound-control.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/smallapp/unbound-control.c
index 89543e45de7..d473702c441 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/smallapp/unbound-control.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/smallapp/unbound-control.c
@@ -354,6 +354,7 @@ static void print_extended(struct ub_stats_info* s)
 	/* transport */
 	PR_UL("num.query.tcp", s->svr.qtcp);
 	PR_UL("num.query.tcpout", s->svr.qtcp_outgoing);
+	PR_UL("num.query.udpout", s->svr.qudp_outgoing);
 	PR_UL("num.query.tls", s->svr.qtls);
 	PR_UL("num.query.tls_resume", s->svr.qtls_resume);
 	PR_UL("num.query.ipv6", s->svr.qipv6);
@@ -486,6 +487,7 @@ static void print_stats_shm(const char* cfgfile, int quiet)
 	config_delete(cfg);
 #else
 	(void)cfgfile;
+	(void)quiet;
 #endif /* HAVE_SHMGET */
 }
 
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/util/config_file.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/util/config_file.c
index d7bd37a8890..cd9389a3551 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/util/config_file.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/util/config_file.c
@@ -173,6 +173,7 @@ config_create(void)
 	cfg->infra_cache_slabs = 4;
 	cfg->infra_cache_numhosts = 10000;
 	cfg->infra_cache_min_rtt = 50;
+	cfg->infra_cache_max_rtt = 120000;
 	cfg->infra_keep_probing = 0;
 	cfg->delay_close = 0;
 	cfg->udp_connect = 1;
@@ -595,8 +596,14 @@ int config_set_option(struct config_file* cfg, const char* opt,
 	else if(strcmp(opt, "cache-min-ttl:") == 0)
 	{ IS_NUMBER_OR_ZERO; cfg->min_ttl = atoi(val); MIN_TTL=(time_t)cfg->min_ttl;}
 	else if(strcmp(opt, "infra-cache-min-rtt:") == 0) {
-	    IS_NUMBER_OR_ZERO; cfg->infra_cache_min_rtt = atoi(val);
-	    RTT_MIN_TIMEOUT=cfg->infra_cache_min_rtt;
+	 	IS_NUMBER_OR_ZERO; cfg->infra_cache_min_rtt = atoi(val);
+		RTT_MIN_TIMEOUT=cfg->infra_cache_min_rtt;
+	}
+	else if(strcmp(opt, "infra-cache-max-rtt:") == 0) {
+		IS_NUMBER_OR_ZERO; cfg->infra_cache_max_rtt = atoi(val);
+		RTT_MAX_TIMEOUT=cfg->infra_cache_max_rtt;
+		USEFUL_SERVER_TOP_TIMEOUT = RTT_MAX_TIMEOUT;
+		BLACKLIST_PENALTY = USEFUL_SERVER_TOP_TIMEOUT*4;
 	}
 	else S_YNO("infra-keep-probing:", infra_keep_probing)
 	else S_NUMBER_OR_ZERO("infra-host-ttl:", host_ttl)
@@ -1026,6 +1033,7 @@ config_get_option(struct config_file* cfg, const char* opt,
 	else O_DEC(opt, "infra-host-ttl", host_ttl)
 	else O_DEC(opt, "infra-cache-slabs", infra_cache_slabs)
 	else O_DEC(opt, "infra-cache-min-rtt", infra_cache_min_rtt)
+	else O_UNS(opt, "infra-cache-max-rtt", infra_cache_max_rtt)
 	else O_YNO(opt, "infra-keep-probing", infra_keep_probing)
 	else O_MEM(opt, "infra-cache-numhosts", infra_cache_numhosts)
 	else O_UNS(opt, "delay-close", delay_close)
@@ -2222,11 +2230,14 @@ config_apply(struct config_file* config)
 	SERVE_ORIGINAL_TTL = config->serve_original_ttl;
 	MAX_NEG_TTL = (time_t)config->max_negative_ttl;
 	RTT_MIN_TIMEOUT = config->infra_cache_min_rtt;
+	RTT_MAX_TIMEOUT = config->infra_cache_max_rtt;
 	EDNS_ADVERTISED_SIZE = (uint16_t)config->edns_buffer_size;
 	MINIMAL_RESPONSES = config->minimal_responses;
 	RRSET_ROUNDROBIN = config->rrset_roundrobin;
 	LOG_TAG_QUERYREPLY = config->log_tag_queryreply;
 	UNKNOWN_SERVER_NICENESS = config->unknown_server_time_limit;
+	USEFUL_SERVER_TOP_TIMEOUT = RTT_MAX_TIMEOUT;
+	BLACKLIST_PENALTY = USEFUL_SERVER_TOP_TIMEOUT*4;
 	log_set_time_asc(config->log_time_ascii);
 	autr_permit_small_holddown = config->permit_small_holddown;
 	stream_wait_max = config->stream_wait_size;
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/util/config_file.h b/usr.sbin/unbound/util/config_file.h
index 0b457e3476b..ed372522dfa 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/util/config_file.h
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/util/config_file.h
@@ -186,8 +186,10 @@ struct config_file {
 	size_t infra_cache_slabs;
 	/** max number of hosts in the infra cache */
 	size_t infra_cache_numhosts;
-	/** min value for infra cache rtt */
+	/** min value for infra cache rtt (min retransmit timeout) */
 	int infra_cache_min_rtt;
+	/** max value for infra cache rtt (max retransmit timeout) */
+	int infra_cache_max_rtt;
 	/** keep probing hosts that are down */
 	int infra_keep_probing;
 	/** delay close of udp-timeouted ports, if 0 no delayclose. in msec */
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/util/configlexer.lex b/usr.sbin/unbound/util/configlexer.lex
index 2d59fbc32e8..a46a74fb640 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/util/configlexer.lex
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/util/configlexer.lex
@@ -302,6 +302,7 @@ infra-cache-slabs{COLON}	{ YDVAR(1, VAR_INFRA_CACHE_SLABS) }
 infra-cache-numhosts{COLON}	{ YDVAR(1, VAR_INFRA_CACHE_NUMHOSTS) }
 infra-cache-lame-size{COLON}	{ YDVAR(1, VAR_INFRA_CACHE_LAME_SIZE) }
 infra-cache-min-rtt{COLON}	{ YDVAR(1, VAR_INFRA_CACHE_MIN_RTT) }
+infra-cache-max-rtt{COLON}	{ YDVAR(1, VAR_INFRA_CACHE_MAX_RTT) }
 infra-keep-probing{COLON}	{ YDVAR(1, VAR_INFRA_KEEP_PROBING) }
 num-queries-per-thread{COLON}	{ YDVAR(1, VAR_NUM_QUERIES_PER_THREAD) }
 jostle-timeout{COLON}		{ YDVAR(1, VAR_JOSTLE_TIMEOUT) }
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/util/configparser.y b/usr.sbin/unbound/util/configparser.y
index c003f335839..c23534019e5 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/util/configparser.y
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/util/configparser.y
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ extern struct config_parser_state* cfg_parser;
 %token VAR_STUB_FIRST VAR_MINIMAL_RESPONSES VAR_RRSET_ROUNDROBIN
 %token VAR_MAX_UDP_SIZE VAR_DELAY_CLOSE VAR_UDP_CONNECT
 %token VAR_UNBLOCK_LAN_ZONES VAR_INSECURE_LAN_ZONES
-%token VAR_INFRA_CACHE_MIN_RTT VAR_INFRA_KEEP_PROBING
+%token VAR_INFRA_CACHE_MIN_RTT VAR_INFRA_CACHE_MAX_RTT VAR_INFRA_KEEP_PROBING
 %token VAR_DNS64_PREFIX VAR_DNS64_SYNTHALL VAR_DNS64_IGNORE_AAAA
 %token VAR_DNSTAP VAR_DNSTAP_ENABLE VAR_DNSTAP_SOCKET_PATH VAR_DNSTAP_IP
 %token VAR_DNSTAP_TLS VAR_DNSTAP_TLS_SERVER_NAME VAR_DNSTAP_TLS_CERT_BUNDLE
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ content_server: server_num_threads | server_verbosity | server_port |
 	server_so_reuseport | server_delay_close | server_udp_connect |
 	server_unblock_lan_zones | server_insecure_lan_zones |
 	server_dns64_prefix | server_dns64_synthall | server_dns64_ignore_aaaa |
-	server_infra_cache_min_rtt | server_harden_algo_downgrade |
+	server_infra_cache_min_rtt | server_infra_cache_max_rtt | server_harden_algo_downgrade |
 	server_ip_transparent | server_ip_ratelimit | server_ratelimit |
 	server_ip_dscp | server_infra_keep_probing |
 	server_ip_ratelimit_slabs | server_ratelimit_slabs |
@@ -1659,6 +1659,15 @@ server_infra_cache_min_rtt: VAR_INFRA_CACHE_MIN_RTT STRING_ARG
 		free($2);
 	}
 	;
+server_infra_cache_max_rtt: VAR_INFRA_CACHE_MAX_RTT STRING_ARG
+	{
+		OUTYY(("P(server_infra_cache_max_rtt:%s)\n", $2));
+		if(atoi($2) == 0 && strcmp($2, "0") != 0)
+			yyerror("number expected");
+		else cfg_parser->cfg->infra_cache_max_rtt = atoi($2);
+		free($2);
+	}
+	;
 server_infra_keep_probing: VAR_INFRA_KEEP_PROBING STRING_ARG
 	{
 		OUTYY(("P(server_infra_keep_probing:%s)\n", $2));
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/util/data/msgreply.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/util/data/msgreply.c
index e3ee607b154..1e6ee97040c 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/util/data/msgreply.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/util/data/msgreply.c
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ int edns_opt_list_append_ede(struct edns_option** list, struct regional* region,
 	prevp = list;
 	while(*prevp != NULL)
 		prevp = &((*prevp)->next);
-	verbose(VERB_ALGO, "attached EDE code: %d with message: %s", code, txt);
+	verbose(VERB_ALGO, "attached EDE code: %d with message: %s", code, (txt?txt:"\"\""));
 	*prevp = opt;
 	return 1;
 }
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/util/iana_ports.inc b/usr.sbin/unbound/util/iana_ports.inc
index c7662dc62fe..80a8144d385 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/util/iana_ports.inc
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/util/iana_ports.inc
@@ -2917,6 +2917,7 @@
 3297,
 3298,
 3299,
+3301,
 3302,
 3303,
 3304,
@@ -3975,6 +3976,7 @@
 4789,
 4790,
 4791,
+4792,
 4800,
 4801,
 4802,
@@ -4342,6 +4344,13 @@
 5859,
 5863,
 5900,
+5903,
+5904,
+5905,
+5906,
+5907,
+5908,
+5909,
 5910,
 5911,
 5912,
@@ -4553,6 +4562,7 @@
 6965,
 6966,
 6969,
+6980,
 6997,
 6998,
 6999,
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/util/module.h b/usr.sbin/unbound/util/module.h
index 33068a71ce6..013c65b02dc 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/util/module.h
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/util/module.h
@@ -665,6 +665,12 @@ struct module_qstate {
 	int need_refetch;
 	/** whether the query (or a subquery) was ratelimited */
 	int was_ratelimited;
+	/** time when query was started. This is when the qstate is created.
+	 * This is used so that type NS data cannot be overwritten by them
+	 * expiring while the lookup is in progress, using data fetched from
+	 * those servers. By comparing expiry time with qstarttime for type NS.
+	 */
+	time_t qstarttime;
 
 	/**
 	 * Attributes of clients that share the qstate that may affect IP-based
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/util/net_help.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/util/net_help.c
index 114920e3f90..8153dbdd181 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/util/net_help.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/util/net_help.c
@@ -1162,10 +1162,11 @@ add_WIN_cacerts_to_openssl_store(SSL_CTX* tls_ctx)
 			(const unsigned char **)&pTargetCert->pbCertEncoded,
 			pTargetCert->cbCertEncoded);
 		if (!cert1) {
+			unsigned long error = ERR_get_error();
 			/* return error if a cert fails */
 			verbose(VERB_ALGO, "%s %d:%s",
 				"Unable to parse certificate in memory",
-				(int)ERR_get_error(), ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL));
+				(int)error, ERR_error_string(error, NULL));
 			return 0;
 		}
 		else {
@@ -1176,10 +1177,11 @@ add_WIN_cacerts_to_openssl_store(SSL_CTX* tls_ctx)
 				/* Ignore error X509_R_CERT_ALREADY_IN_HASH_TABLE which means the
 				* certificate is already in the store.  */
 				if(ERR_GET_LIB(error) != ERR_LIB_X509 ||
-				   ERR_GET_REASON(error) != X509_R_CERT_ALREADY_IN_HASH_TABLE) {
+					ERR_GET_REASON(error) != X509_R_CERT_ALREADY_IN_HASH_TABLE) {
+					error = ERR_get_error();
 					verbose(VERB_ALGO, "%s %d:%s\n",
-					    "Error adding certificate", (int)ERR_get_error(),
-					     ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL));
+					    "Error adding certificate", (int)error,
+					     ERR_error_string(error, NULL));
 					X509_free(cert1);
 					return 0;
 				}
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/util/rtt.h b/usr.sbin/unbound/util/rtt.h
index 07e65ee1d3d..63ed8eadb9d 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/util/rtt.h
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/util/rtt.h
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ struct rtt_info {
 /** min retransmit timeout value, in milliseconds */
 extern int RTT_MIN_TIMEOUT;
 /** max retransmit timeout value, in milliseconds */
-#define RTT_MAX_TIMEOUT 120000
+extern int RTT_MAX_TIMEOUT;
 
 /**
  * Initialize RTT estimators.
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/validator/val_secalgo.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/validator/val_secalgo.c
index 7abf66f01d2..78651674991 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/validator/val_secalgo.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/validator/val_secalgo.c
@@ -97,6 +97,23 @@ log_crypto_error(const char* str, unsigned long e)
 	log_err("%s crypto %s", str, buf);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Output a libcrypto openssl error to the logfile as a debug message.
+ * @param level: debug level to use in verbose() call
+ * @param str: string to add to it.
+ * @param e: the error to output, error number from ERR_get_error().
+ */
+static void
+log_crypto_verbose(enum verbosity_value level, const char* str, unsigned long e)
+{
+	char buf[128];
+	/* or use ERR_error_string if ERR_error_string_n is not avail TODO */
+	ERR_error_string_n(e, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	/* buf now contains */
+	/* error:[error code]:[library name]:[function name]:[reason string] */
+	verbose(level, "%s crypto %s", str, buf);
+}
+
 /* return size of digest if supported, or 0 otherwise */
 size_t
 nsec3_hash_algo_size_supported(int id)
@@ -215,6 +232,10 @@ ds_digest_size_supported(int algo)
 	switch(algo) {
 		case LDNS_SHA1:
 #if defined(HAVE_EVP_SHA1) && defined(USE_SHA1)
+#ifdef HAVE_EVP_DEFAULT_PROPERTIES_IS_FIPS_ENABLED
+			if (EVP_default_properties_is_fips_enabled(NULL))
+				return 0;
+#endif
 			return SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH;
 #else
 			if(fake_sha1) return 20;
@@ -325,7 +346,11 @@ dnskey_algo_id_is_supported(int id)
 	case LDNS_RSASHA1:
 	case LDNS_RSASHA1_NSEC3:
 #ifdef USE_SHA1
+#ifdef HAVE_EVP_DEFAULT_PROPERTIES_IS_FIPS_ENABLED
+		return !EVP_default_properties_is_fips_enabled(NULL);
+#else
 		return 1;
+#endif
 #else
 		if(fake_sha1) return 1;
 		return 0;
@@ -341,15 +366,22 @@ dnskey_algo_id_is_supported(int id)
 	case LDNS_ECDSAP256SHA256:
 	case LDNS_ECDSAP384SHA384:
 #endif
+#if (defined(HAVE_EVP_SHA256) && defined(USE_SHA2)) || (defined(HAVE_EVP_SHA512) && defined(USE_SHA2)) || defined(USE_ECDSA)
+		return 1;
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_ED25519
 	case LDNS_ED25519:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ED448
 	case LDNS_ED448:
 #endif
-#if (defined(HAVE_EVP_SHA256) && defined(USE_SHA2)) || (defined(HAVE_EVP_SHA512) && defined(USE_SHA2)) || defined(USE_ECDSA) || defined(USE_ED25519) || defined(USE_ED448)
+#if defined(USE_ED25519) || defined(USE_ED448)
+#ifdef HAVE_EVP_DEFAULT_PROPERTIES_IS_FIPS_ENABLED
+		return !EVP_default_properties_is_fips_enabled(NULL);
+#else
 		return 1;
 #endif
+#endif
 
 #ifdef USE_GOST
 	case LDNS_ECC_GOST:
@@ -652,6 +684,36 @@ setup_key_digest(int algo, EVP_PKEY** evp_key, const EVP_MD** digest_type,
 	return 1;
 }
 
+static void
+digest_ctx_free(EVP_MD_CTX* ctx, EVP_PKEY *evp_key,
+	unsigned char* sigblock, int dofree, int docrypto_free)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_EVP_MD_CTX_NEW
+	EVP_MD_CTX_destroy(ctx);
+#else
+	EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup(ctx);
+	free(ctx);
+#endif
+	EVP_PKEY_free(evp_key);
+	if(dofree) free(sigblock);
+	else if(docrypto_free) OPENSSL_free(sigblock);
+}
+
+static enum sec_status
+digest_error_status(const char *str)
+{
+	unsigned long e = ERR_get_error();
+#ifdef EVP_R_INVALID_DIGEST
+	if (ERR_GET_LIB(e) == ERR_LIB_EVP &&
+		ERR_GET_REASON(e) == EVP_R_INVALID_DIGEST) {
+		log_crypto_verbose(VERB_ALGO, str, e);
+		return sec_status_indeterminate;
+	}
+#endif
+	log_crypto_verbose(VERB_QUERY, str, e);
+	return sec_status_unchecked;
+}
+
 /**
  * Check a canonical sig+rrset and signature against a dnskey
  * @param buf: buffer with data to verify, the first rrsig part and the
@@ -663,10 +725,11 @@ setup_key_digest(int algo, EVP_PKEY** evp_key, const EVP_MD** digest_type,
  * @param keylen: length of keydata.
  * @param reason: bogus reason in more detail.
  * @return secure if verification succeeded, bogus on crypto failure,
- *	unchecked on format errors and alloc failures.
+ *	unchecked on format errors and alloc failures, indeterminate
+ *	if digest is not supported by the crypto library (openssl3+ only).
  */
 enum sec_status
-verify_canonrrset(sldns_buffer* buf, int algo, unsigned char* sigblock, 
+verify_canonrrset(sldns_buffer* buf, int algo, unsigned char* sigblock,
 	unsigned int sigblock_len, unsigned char* key, unsigned int keylen,
 	char** reason)
 {
@@ -735,62 +798,36 @@ verify_canonrrset(sldns_buffer* buf, int algo, unsigned char* sigblock,
 	}
 #ifndef HAVE_EVP_DIGESTVERIFY
 	if(EVP_DigestInit(ctx, digest_type) == 0) {
-		verbose(VERB_QUERY, "verify: EVP_DigestInit failed");
-#ifdef HAVE_EVP_MD_CTX_NEW
-		EVP_MD_CTX_destroy(ctx);
-#else
-		EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup(ctx);
-		free(ctx);
-#endif
-		EVP_PKEY_free(evp_key);
-		if(dofree) free(sigblock);
-		else if(docrypto_free) OPENSSL_free(sigblock);
-		return sec_status_unchecked;
+		enum sec_status sec;
+		sec = digest_error_status("verify: EVP_DigestInit failed");
+		digest_ctx_free(ctx, evp_key, sigblock,
+			dofree, docrypto_free);
+		return sec;
 	}
 	if(EVP_DigestUpdate(ctx, (unsigned char*)sldns_buffer_begin(buf), 
 		(unsigned int)sldns_buffer_limit(buf)) == 0) {
-		verbose(VERB_QUERY, "verify: EVP_DigestUpdate failed");
-#ifdef HAVE_EVP_MD_CTX_NEW
-		EVP_MD_CTX_destroy(ctx);
-#else
-		EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup(ctx);
-		free(ctx);
-#endif
-		EVP_PKEY_free(evp_key);
-		if(dofree) free(sigblock);
-		else if(docrypto_free) OPENSSL_free(sigblock);
+		log_crypto_verbose(VERB_QUERY, "verify: EVP_DigestUpdate failed",
+			ERR_get_error());
+		digest_ctx_free(ctx, evp_key, sigblock,
+			dofree, docrypto_free);
 		return sec_status_unchecked;
 	}
 
 	res = EVP_VerifyFinal(ctx, sigblock, sigblock_len, evp_key);
 #else /* HAVE_EVP_DIGESTVERIFY */
 	if(EVP_DigestVerifyInit(ctx, NULL, digest_type, NULL, evp_key) == 0) {
-		verbose(VERB_QUERY, "verify: EVP_DigestVerifyInit failed");
-#ifdef HAVE_EVP_MD_CTX_NEW
-		EVP_MD_CTX_destroy(ctx);
-#else
-		EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup(ctx);
-		free(ctx);
-#endif
-		EVP_PKEY_free(evp_key);
-		if(dofree) free(sigblock);
-		else if(docrypto_free) OPENSSL_free(sigblock);
-		return sec_status_unchecked;
+		enum sec_status sec;
+		sec = digest_error_status("verify: EVP_DigestVerifyInit failed");
+		digest_ctx_free(ctx, evp_key, sigblock,
+			dofree, docrypto_free);
+		return sec;
 	}
 	res = EVP_DigestVerify(ctx, sigblock, sigblock_len,
 		(unsigned char*)sldns_buffer_begin(buf),
 		sldns_buffer_limit(buf));
 #endif
-#ifdef HAVE_EVP_MD_CTX_NEW
-	EVP_MD_CTX_destroy(ctx);
-#else
-	EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup(ctx);
-	free(ctx);
-#endif
-	EVP_PKEY_free(evp_key);
-
-	if(dofree) free(sigblock);
-	else if(docrypto_free) OPENSSL_free(sigblock);
+	digest_ctx_free(ctx, evp_key, sigblock,
+		dofree, docrypto_free);
 
 	if(res == 1) {
 		return sec_status_secure;
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/validator/val_sigcrypt.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/validator/val_sigcrypt.c
index d5f16b11f81..5ab21e20e73 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/validator/val_sigcrypt.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/validator/val_sigcrypt.c
@@ -513,25 +513,96 @@ size_t algo_needs_num_missing(struct algo_needs* n)
 
 int algo_needs_missing(struct algo_needs* n)
 {
-	int i;
-	/* first check if a needed algo was bogus - report that */
-	for(i=0; i<ALGO_NEEDS_MAX; i++)
+	int i, miss = -1;
+	/* check if a needed algo was bogus - report that;
+	 * check the first missing algo - report that;
+	 * or return 0 */
+	for(i=0; i<ALGO_NEEDS_MAX; i++) {
 		if(n->needs[i] == 2)
 			return 0;
-	/* now check which algo is missing */
-	for(i=0; i<ALGO_NEEDS_MAX; i++)
-		if(n->needs[i] == 1)
-			return i;
+		if(n->needs[i] == 1 && miss == -1)
+			miss = i;
+	}
+	if(miss != -1) return miss;
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * verify rrset, with dnskey rrset, for a specific rrsig in rrset
+ * @param env: module environment, scratch space is used.
+ * @param ve: validator environment, date settings.
+ * @param now: current time for validation (can be overridden).
+ * @param rrset: to be validated.
+ * @param dnskey: DNSKEY rrset, keyset to try.
+ * @param sig_idx: which signature to try to validate.
+ * @param sortree: reused sorted order. Stored in region. Pass NULL at start,
+ * 	and for a new rrset.
+ * @param reason: if bogus, a string returned, fixed or alloced in scratch.
+ * @param reason_bogus: EDE (RFC8914) code paired with the reason of failure.
+ * @param section: section of packet where this rrset comes from.
+ * @param qstate: qstate with region.
+ * @return secure if any key signs *this* signature. bogus if no key signs it,
+ *	unchecked on error, or indeterminate if all keys are not supported by
+ *	the crypto library (openssl3+ only).
+ */
 static enum sec_status
 dnskeyset_verify_rrset_sig(struct module_env* env, struct val_env* ve,
 	time_t now, struct ub_packed_rrset_key* rrset,
 	struct ub_packed_rrset_key* dnskey, size_t sig_idx,
 	struct rbtree_type** sortree,
 	char** reason, sldns_ede_code *reason_bogus,
-	sldns_pkt_section section, struct module_qstate* qstate);
+	sldns_pkt_section section, struct module_qstate* qstate)
+{
+	/* find matching keys and check them */
+	enum sec_status sec = sec_status_bogus;
+	uint16_t tag = rrset_get_sig_keytag(rrset, sig_idx);
+	int algo = rrset_get_sig_algo(rrset, sig_idx);
+	size_t i, num = rrset_get_count(dnskey);
+	size_t numchecked = 0;
+	size_t numindeterminate = 0;
+	int buf_canon = 0;
+	verbose(VERB_ALGO, "verify sig %d %d", (int)tag, algo);
+	if(!dnskey_algo_id_is_supported(algo)) {
+		if(reason_bogus)
+			*reason_bogus = LDNS_EDE_UNSUPPORTED_DNSKEY_ALG;
+		verbose(VERB_QUERY, "verify sig: unknown algorithm");
+		return sec_status_insecure;
+	}
+
+	for(i=0; i<num; i++) {
+		/* see if key matches keytag and algo */
+		if(algo != dnskey_get_algo(dnskey, i) ||
+			tag != dnskey_calc_keytag(dnskey, i))
+			continue;
+		numchecked ++;
+
+		/* see if key verifies */
+		sec = dnskey_verify_rrset_sig(env->scratch,
+			env->scratch_buffer, ve, now, rrset, dnskey, i,
+			sig_idx, sortree, &buf_canon, reason, reason_bogus,
+			section, qstate);
+		if(sec == sec_status_secure)
+			return sec;
+		else if(sec == sec_status_indeterminate)
+			numindeterminate ++;
+	}
+	if(numchecked == 0) {
+		*reason = "signatures from unknown keys";
+		if(reason_bogus)
+			*reason_bogus = LDNS_EDE_DNSKEY_MISSING;
+		verbose(VERB_QUERY, "verify: could not find appropriate key");
+		return sec_status_bogus;
+	}
+	if(numindeterminate == numchecked) {
+		*reason = "unsupported algorithm by crypto library";
+		if(reason_bogus)
+			*reason_bogus = LDNS_EDE_UNSUPPORTED_DNSKEY_ALG;
+		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "verify sig: unsupported algorithm by "
+			"crypto library");
+		return sec_status_indeterminate;
+	}
+	return sec_status_bogus;
+}
 
 enum sec_status 
 dnskeyset_verify_rrset(struct module_env* env, struct val_env* ve,
@@ -607,14 +678,14 @@ void algo_needs_reason(struct module_env* env, int alg, char** reason, char* s)
 		*reason = s;
 }
 
-enum sec_status 
+enum sec_status
 dnskey_verify_rrset(struct module_env* env, struct val_env* ve,
         struct ub_packed_rrset_key* rrset, struct ub_packed_rrset_key* dnskey,
 	size_t dnskey_idx, char** reason, sldns_ede_code *reason_bogus,
 	sldns_pkt_section section, struct module_qstate* qstate)
 {
 	enum sec_status sec;
-	size_t i, num, numchecked = 0;
+	size_t i, num, numchecked = 0, numindeterminate = 0;
 	rbtree_type* sortree = NULL;
 	int buf_canon = 0;
 	uint16_t tag = dnskey_calc_keytag(dnskey, dnskey_idx);
@@ -642,56 +713,21 @@ dnskey_verify_rrset(struct module_env* env, struct val_env* ve,
 		if(sec == sec_status_secure)
 			return sec;
 		numchecked ++;
+		if(sec == sec_status_indeterminate)
+			numindeterminate ++;
 	}
 	verbose(VERB_ALGO, "rrset failed to verify: all signatures are bogus");
-	if(!numchecked) *reason = "signature missing";
-	return sec_status_bogus;
-}
-
-static enum sec_status
-dnskeyset_verify_rrset_sig(struct module_env* env, struct val_env* ve,
-	time_t now, struct ub_packed_rrset_key* rrset,
-	struct ub_packed_rrset_key* dnskey, size_t sig_idx,
-	struct rbtree_type** sortree,
-	char** reason, sldns_ede_code *reason_bogus,
-	sldns_pkt_section section, struct module_qstate* qstate)
-{
-	/* find matching keys and check them */
-	enum sec_status sec = sec_status_bogus;
-	uint16_t tag = rrset_get_sig_keytag(rrset, sig_idx);
-	int algo = rrset_get_sig_algo(rrset, sig_idx);
-	size_t i, num = rrset_get_count(dnskey);
-	size_t numchecked = 0;
-	int buf_canon = 0;
-	verbose(VERB_ALGO, "verify sig %d %d", (int)tag, algo);
-	if(!dnskey_algo_id_is_supported(algo)) {
+	if(!numchecked) {
+		*reason = "signature missing";
 		if(reason_bogus)
-			*reason_bogus = LDNS_EDE_UNSUPPORTED_DNSKEY_ALG;
-		verbose(VERB_QUERY, "verify sig: unknown algorithm");
-		return sec_status_insecure;
-	}
-
-	for(i=0; i<num; i++) {
-		/* see if key matches keytag and algo */
-		if(algo != dnskey_get_algo(dnskey, i) ||
-			tag != dnskey_calc_keytag(dnskey, i))
-			continue;
-		numchecked ++;
-
-		/* see if key verifies */
-		sec = dnskey_verify_rrset_sig(env->scratch,
-			env->scratch_buffer, ve, now, rrset, dnskey, i,
-			sig_idx, sortree, &buf_canon, reason, reason_bogus,
-			section, qstate);
-		if(sec == sec_status_secure)
-			return sec;
-	}
-	if(numchecked == 0) {
-		*reason = "signatures from unknown keys";
+			*reason_bogus = LDNS_EDE_RRSIGS_MISSING;
+	} else if(numchecked == numindeterminate) {
+		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "rrset failed to verify due to algorithm "
+			"refusal by cryptolib");
 		if(reason_bogus)
-			*reason_bogus = LDNS_EDE_DNSKEY_MISSING;
-		verbose(VERB_QUERY, "verify: could not find appropriate key");
-		return sec_status_bogus;
+			*reason_bogus = LDNS_EDE_UNSUPPORTED_DNSKEY_ALG;
+		*reason = "algorithm refused by cryptolib";
+		return sec_status_indeterminate;
 	}
 	return sec_status_bogus;
 }
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/validator/val_utils.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/validator/val_utils.c
index 18a7c9c2e95..e2319ee2399 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/validator/val_utils.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/validator/val_utils.c
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ verify_dnskeys_with_ds_rr(struct module_env* env, struct val_env* ve,
 		}
 		/* If it didn't validate with the DNSKEY, try the next one! */
 	}
-	if(numsizesupp != 0) {
+	if(numsizesupp != 0 || sec == sec_status_indeterminate) {
 		/* there is a working DS, but that DNSKEY is not supported */
 		return sec_status_insecure;
 	}
@@ -489,7 +489,6 @@ int val_favorite_ds_algo(struct ub_packed_rrset_key* ds_rrset)
 	return digest_algo;
 }
 
-// @TODO change the use of this function to _ede function in authzone.c:8111
 enum sec_status
 val_verify_DNSKEY_with_DS(struct module_env* env, struct val_env* ve,
 	struct ub_packed_rrset_key* dnskey_rrset,
diff --git a/usr.sbin/unbound/validator/validator.c b/usr.sbin/unbound/validator/validator.c
index 75f3220cf3d..1723afefe35 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/unbound/validator/validator.c
+++ b/usr.sbin/unbound/validator/validator.c
@@ -2202,7 +2202,7 @@ processFinished(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct val_qstate* vq,
 		if(!qstate->no_cache_store) {
 			if(!dns_cache_store(qstate->env, &vq->orig_msg->qinfo,
 				vq->orig_msg->rep, 0, qstate->prefetch_leeway, 0, NULL,
-				qstate->query_flags)) {
+				qstate->query_flags, qstate->qstarttime)) {
 				log_err("out of memory caching validator results");
 			}
 		}
@@ -2211,7 +2211,7 @@ processFinished(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct val_qstate* vq,
 		/* and this does not get prefetched, so no leeway */
 		if(!dns_cache_store(qstate->env, &vq->orig_msg->qinfo,
 			vq->orig_msg->rep, 1, 0, 0, NULL,
-			qstate->query_flags)) {
+			qstate->query_flags, qstate->qstarttime)) {
 			log_err("out of memory caching validator results");
 		}
 	}
@@ -2493,7 +2493,8 @@ ds_response_to_ke(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct val_qstate* vq,
 			/* If they aren't usable, then we treat it like 
 			 * there was no DS. */
 
-			// @TODO add EDE Unsupported DS Digest Type
+			/* TODO add EDE Unsupported DS Digest Type; this needs
+			 * EDE to be added on non SERVFAIL answers. */
 
 			*ke = key_entry_create_null(qstate->region, 
 				qinfo->qname, qinfo->qname_len, qinfo->qclass,