--- /dev/null
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1995
+ * Ted Lemon (hereinafter referred to as the author)
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+ * derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <elf_abi.h>
+#include <machine/elf_abi.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <a.out.h>
+#include <sys/errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#define SHN_MIPS_ACOMMON 0xfff0
+
+extern char *__progname;
+
+struct sect {
+ unsigned long vaddr;
+ unsigned long len;
+};
+int phcmp ();
+char *saveRead (int file, off_t offset, off_t len, char *name);
+int copy (int, int, off_t, off_t);
+int translate_syms (int, int, off_t, off_t, off_t, off_t);
+extern int errno;
+int *symTypeTable;
+
+/* Symbol table entry... */
+struct sym {
+ unsigned long name; /* Index into strtab of symbol name. */
+ unsigned long value; /* Section offset, virt addr or common align. */
+ unsigned long size; /* Size of object referenced. */
+ unsigned type : 4; /* Symbol type (e.g., function, data)... */
+ unsigned binding : 4; /* Symbol binding (e.g., global, local)... */
+ unsigned char other; /* Unused. */
+ unsigned short shndx; /* Section containing symbol. */
+};
+
+struct phdr {
+ unsigned long type; /* Segment type... */
+ unsigned long offset; /* File offset... */
+ unsigned long vaddr; /* Virtual address... */
+ unsigned long paddr; /* Physical address... */
+ unsigned long filesz; /* Size of segment in file... */
+ unsigned long memsz; /* Size of segment in memory... */
+ unsigned long flags; /* Segment flags... */
+ unsigned long align; /* Alighment, file and memory... */
+};
+
+main (int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
+{
+ Elf32_Ehdr ex;
+ Elf32_Phdr *ph;
+ Elf32_Shdr *sh;
+ struct sym *symtab;
+ char *shstrtab;
+ int strtabix, symtabix;
+ int i;
+ struct sect text, data, bss;
+ struct exec aex;
+ int infile, outfile;
+ unsigned long cur_vma = ULONG_MAX;
+ int symflag = 0;
+
+ text.len = data.len = bss.len = 0;
+ text.vaddr = data.vaddr = bss.vaddr = 0;
+
+ /* Check args... */
+ if (argc < 3 || argc > 4)
+ {
+ usage:
+ fprintf (stderr,
+ "usage: %s <elf executable> <a.out executable>\n", __progname);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ /* Try the input file... */
+ if ((infile = open (argv [1], O_RDONLY)) < 0)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "Can't open %s for read: %s\n",
+ argv [1], strerror (errno));
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ /* Read the header, which is at the beginning of the file... */
+ i = read (infile, &ex, sizeof ex);
+ if (i != sizeof ex)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "ex: %s: %s.\n",
+ argv [1], i ? strerror (errno) : "End of file reached");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ /* Read the program headers... */
+ ph = (Elf32_Phdr *)saveRead (infile, ex.e_phoff,
+ ex.e_phnum * sizeof (Elf32_Phdr), "ph");
+ /* Read the section headers... */
+ sh = (Elf32_Shdr *)saveRead (infile, ex.e_shoff,
+ ex.e_shnum * sizeof (Elf32_Shdr), "sh");
+ /* Read in the section string table. */
+ shstrtab = saveRead (infile, sh [ex.e_shstrndx].sh_offset,
+ sh [ex.e_shstrndx].sh_size, "shstrtab");
+
+ /* Find space for a table matching ELF section indices to a.out symbol
+ types. */
+ symTypeTable = (int *)malloc (ex.e_shnum * sizeof (int));
+ if (!symTypeTable)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "symTypeTable: can't allocate.\n");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ memset (symTypeTable, 0, ex.e_shnum * sizeof (int));
+
+ /* Look for the symbol table and string table...
+ Also map section indices to symbol types for a.out */
+ for (i = 0; i < ex.e_shnum; i++)
+ {
+ char *name = shstrtab + sh [i].sh_name;
+ if (!strcmp (name, ".symtab"))
+ symtabix = i;
+ else if (!strcmp (name, ".strtab"))
+ strtabix = i;
+ else if (!strcmp (name, ".text") || !strcmp (name, ".rodata"))
+ symTypeTable [i] = N_TEXT;
+ else if (!strcmp (name, ".data") || !strcmp (name, ".sdata") ||
+ !strcmp (name, ".lit4") || !strcmp (name, ".lit8"))
+ symTypeTable [i] = N_DATA;
+ else if (!strcmp (name, ".bss") || !strcmp (name, ".sbss"))
+ symTypeTable [i] = N_BSS;
+ }
+
+ /* Figure out if we can cram the program header into an a.out header...
+ Basically, we can't handle anything but loadable segments, but we
+ can ignore some kinds of segments. We can't handle holes in the
+ address space, and we handle start addresses other than 0x1000 by
+ hoping that the loader will know where to load - a.out doesn't have
+ an explicit load address. Segments may be out of order, so we
+ sort them first. */
+ qsort (ph, ex.e_phnum, sizeof (Elf32_Phdr), phcmp);
+ for (i = 0; i < ex.e_phnum; i++)
+ {
+ /* Section types we can ignore... */
+ if (ph [i].p_type == PT_NULL || ph [i].p_type == PT_NOTE ||
+ ph [i].p_type == PT_PHDR || ph [i].p_type == PT_MIPS_REGINFO)
+ continue;
+ /* Section types we can't handle... */
+ else if (ph [i].p_type != PT_LOAD)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "Program header %d type %d can't be converted.\n");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ /* Writable (data) segment? */
+ if (ph [i].p_flags & PF_W)
+ {
+ struct sect ndata, nbss;
+
+ ndata.vaddr = ph [i].p_vaddr;
+ ndata.len = ph [i].p_filesz;
+ nbss.vaddr = ph [i].p_vaddr + ph [i].p_filesz;
+ nbss.len = ph [i].p_memsz - ph [i].p_filesz;
+
+ combine (&data, &ndata, 0);
+ combine (&bss, &nbss, 1);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ struct sect ntxt;
+
+ ntxt.vaddr = ph [i].p_vaddr;
+ ntxt.len = ph [i].p_filesz;
+
+ combine (&text, &ntxt);
+ }
+ /* Remember the lowest segment start address. */
+ if (ph [i].p_vaddr < cur_vma)
+ cur_vma = ph [i].p_vaddr;
+ }
+
+ /* Sections must be in order to be converted... */
+ if (text.vaddr > data.vaddr || data.vaddr > bss.vaddr ||
+ text.vaddr + text.len > data.vaddr || data.vaddr + data.len > bss.vaddr)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "Sections ordering prevents a.out conversion.\n");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ /* If there's a data section but no text section, then the loader
+ combined everything into one section. That needs to be the
+ text section, so just make the data section zero length following
+ text. */
+ if (data.len && !text.len)
+ {
+ text = data;
+ data.vaddr = text.vaddr + text.len;
+ data.len = 0;
+ }
+
+ /* If there is a gap between text and data, we'll fill it when we copy
+ the data, so update the length of the text segment as represented in
+ a.out to reflect that, since a.out doesn't allow gaps in the program
+ address space. */
+ if (text.vaddr + text.len < data.vaddr)
+ text.len = data.vaddr - text.vaddr;
+
+ /* We now have enough information to cons up an a.out header... */
+ aex.a_midmag = htonl ((symflag << 26) | (MID_PMAX << 16) | OMAGIC);
+ aex.a_text = text.len;
+ aex.a_data = data.len;
+ aex.a_bss = bss.len;
+ aex.a_entry = ex.e_entry;
+ aex.a_syms = (sizeof (struct nlist) *
+ (symtabix != -1
+ ? sh [symtabix].sh_size / sizeof (struct sym) : 0));
+ aex.a_trsize = 0;
+ aex.a_drsize = 0;
+
+ /* Make the output file... */
+ if ((outfile = open (argv [2], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0777)) < 0)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "Unable to create %s: %s\n", argv [2], strerror (errno));
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ /* Write the header... */
+ i = write (outfile, &aex, sizeof aex);
+ if (i != sizeof aex)
+ {
+ perror ("aex: write");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ /* Copy the loadable sections. Zero-fill any gaps less than 64k;
+ complain about any zero-filling, and die if we're asked to zero-fill
+ more than 64k. */
+ for (i = 0; i < ex.e_phnum; i++)
+ {
+ /* Unprocessable sections were handled above, so just verify that
+ the section can be loaded before copying. */
+ if (ph [i].p_type == PT_LOAD && ph [i].p_filesz)
+ {
+ if (cur_vma != ph [i].p_vaddr)
+ {
+ unsigned long gap = ph [i].p_vaddr - cur_vma;
+ char obuf [1024];
+ if (gap > 65536)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "Intersegment gap (%d bytes) too large.\n",
+ gap);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ fprintf (stderr, "Warning: %d byte intersegment gap.\n", gap);
+ memset (obuf, 0, sizeof obuf);
+ while (gap)
+ {
+ int count = write (outfile, obuf, (gap > sizeof obuf
+ ? sizeof obuf : gap));
+ if (count < 0)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "Error writing gap: %s\n",
+ strerror (errno));
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ gap -= count;
+ }
+ }
+ copy (outfile, infile, ph [i].p_offset, ph [i].p_filesz);
+ cur_vma = ph [i].p_vaddr + ph [i].p_filesz;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Copy and translate the symbol table... */
+ translate_syms (outfile, infile, sh [symtabix].sh_offset,
+ sh [symtabix].sh_size,
+ sh [strtabix].sh_offset, sh [strtabix].sh_size);
+
+ /* Looks like we won... */
+ exit (0);
+}
+
+/* translate_syms (out, in, offset, size)
+
+ Read the ELF symbol table from in at offset; translate it into a.out
+ nlist format and write it to out. */
+
+translate_syms (out, in, symoff, symsize, stroff, strsize)
+ int out, in;
+ off_t symoff, symsize;
+ off_t stroff, strsize;
+{
+# define SYMS_PER_PASS 64
+ struct sym inbuf [64];
+ struct nlist outbuf [64];
+ int i, remaining, cur;
+ char *oldstrings;
+ char *newstrings, *nsp;
+ int newstringsize;
+
+ /* Zero the unused fields in the output buffer.. */
+ memset (outbuf, 0, sizeof outbuf);
+
+ /* Find number of symbols to process... */
+ remaining = symsize / sizeof (struct sym);
+
+ /* Suck in the old string table... */
+ oldstrings = saveRead (in, stroff, strsize, "string table");
+
+ /* Allocate space for the new one. XXX We make the wild assumption that
+ no two symbol table entries will point at the same place in the
+ string table - if that assumption is bad, this could easily blow up. */
+ newstringsize = strsize + remaining;
+ newstrings = (char *)malloc (newstringsize);
+ if (!newstrings)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "No memory for new string table!\n");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ /* Initialize the table pointer... */
+ nsp = newstrings;
+
+ /* Go the the start of the ELF symbol table... */
+ if (lseek (in, symoff, SEEK_SET) < 0)
+ {
+ perror ("translate_syms: lseek");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ /* Translate and copy symbols... */
+ while (remaining)
+ {
+ cur = remaining;
+ if (cur > SYMS_PER_PASS)
+ cur = SYMS_PER_PASS;
+ remaining -= cur;
+ if ((i = read (in, inbuf, cur * sizeof (struct sym)))
+ != cur * sizeof (struct sym))
+ {
+ if (i < 0)
+ perror ("translate_syms");
+ else
+ fprintf (stderr, "translate_syms: premature end of file.\n");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ /* Do the translation... */
+ for (i = 0; i < cur; i++)
+ {
+ /* Copy the symbol into the new table, but prepend an underscore. */
+ *nsp = '_';
+ strcpy (nsp + 1, oldstrings + inbuf [i].name);
+ outbuf [i].n_un.n_strx = nsp - newstrings + 4;
+ nsp += strlen (nsp) + 1;
+
+ /* Convert ELF symbol type/section/etc info into a.out type info. */
+ if (inbuf [i].type == STT_FILE)
+ outbuf [i].n_type = N_FN;
+ else if (inbuf [i].shndx == SHN_UNDEF)
+ outbuf [i].n_type = N_UNDF;
+ else if (inbuf [i].shndx == SHN_ABS)
+ outbuf [i].n_type = N_ABS;
+ else if (inbuf [i].shndx == SHN_COMMON ||
+ inbuf [i].shndx == SHN_MIPS_ACOMMON)
+ outbuf [i].n_type = N_COMM;
+ else
+ outbuf [i].n_type = symTypeTable [inbuf [i].shndx];
+ if (inbuf [i].binding == STB_GLOBAL)
+ outbuf [i].n_type |= N_EXT;
+ /* Symbol values in executables should be compatible. */
+ outbuf [i].n_value = inbuf [i].value;
+ }
+ /* Write out the symbols... */
+ if ((i = write (out, outbuf, cur * sizeof (struct nlist)))
+ != cur * sizeof (struct nlist))
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "translate_syms: write: %s\n", strerror (errno));
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ }
+ /* Write out the string table length... */
+ if (write (out, &newstringsize, sizeof newstringsize)
+ != sizeof newstringsize)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr,
+ "translate_syms: newstringsize: %s\n", strerror (errno));
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ /* Write out the string table... */
+ if (write (out, newstrings, newstringsize) != newstringsize)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "translate_syms: newstrings: %s\n", strerror (errno));
+ exit (1);
+ }
+}
+
+copy (out, in, offset, size)
+ int out, in;
+ off_t offset, size;
+{
+ char ibuf [4096];
+ int remaining, cur, count;
+
+ /* Go the the start of the ELF symbol table... */
+ if (lseek (in, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
+ {
+ perror ("copy: lseek");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ remaining = size;
+ while (remaining)
+ {
+ cur = remaining;
+ if (cur > sizeof ibuf)
+ cur = sizeof ibuf;
+ remaining -= cur;
+ if ((count = read (in, ibuf, cur)) != cur)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "copy: read: %s\n",
+ count ? strerror (errno) : "premature end of file");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ if ((count = write (out, ibuf, cur)) != cur)
+ {
+ perror ("copy: write");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/* Combine two segments, which must be contiguous. If pad is true, it's
+ okay for there to be padding between. */
+combine (base, new, pad)
+ struct sect *base, *new;
+ int pad;
+{
+ if (!base -> len)
+ *base = *new;
+ else if (new -> len)
+ {
+ if (base -> vaddr + base -> len != new -> vaddr)
+ {
+ if (pad)
+ base -> len = new -> vaddr - base -> vaddr;
+ else
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr,
+ "Non-contiguous data can't be converted.\n");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ }
+ base -> len += new -> len;
+ }
+}
+
+phcmp (h1, h2)
+ struct phdr *h1, *h2;
+{
+ if (h1 -> vaddr > h2 -> vaddr)
+ return 1;
+ else if (h1 -> vaddr < h2 -> vaddr)
+ return -1;
+ else
+ return 0;
+}
+
+char *saveRead (int file, off_t offset, off_t len, char *name)
+{
+ char *tmp;
+ int count;
+ off_t off;
+ if ((off = lseek (file, offset, SEEK_SET)) < 0)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s: fseek: %s\n", name, strerror (errno));
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ if (!(tmp = (char *)malloc (len)))
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't allocate %d bytes.\n", name, len);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ count = read (file, tmp, len);
+ if (count != len)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s: read: %s.\n",
+ name, count ? strerror (errno) : "End of file reached");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ return tmp;
+}
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