-.\" $OpenBSD: symlink.7,v 1.9 1999/07/09 13:35:58 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: symlink.7,v 1.10 2000/03/23 21:10:22 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: symlink.7,v 1.4 1996/04/25 15:44:56 mycroft Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1992, 1993, 1994
.Bx 4.4
system differs from historical 4BSD systems in that the system call
.Xr chown 2
-has been changed to follow symbolic links. The
+has been changed to follow symbolic links.
+The
.Xr lchown 2
system call was added later when the limitations of the new
.Xr chown 2
-.\" $OpenBSD: rmd160.1,v 1.5 1998/12/15 01:20:23 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: rmd160.1,v 1.6 2000/03/23 21:10:22 aaron Exp $
.\"
.Dd July 16, 1997
.Dt RMD160 1
It is conjectured that it is computationally infeasible to produce
two messages having the same message digest, or to produce any
message having a given prespecified target message digest.
+.Pp
The
.Em RMD-160
algorithm is intended for digital signature applications, where a
encrypted with a private (secret) key under a public-key cryptosystem
such as
.Em RSA .
-.Sh OPTIONS
-The following four options may be used in any combination and must
-precede any files named on the command line. The RMD-160
-sum of each file listed on the command line is printed after the options
-are processed.
+.Pp
+The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Fl
.It Fl s Ar string
Prints a checksum of the given
.It Fl x
Runs a built-in test script.
.El
+.Pp
+The RMD-160
+sum of each file listed on the command line is printed after the options
+are processed.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr cksum 1 ,
.Xr md5 1 ,
-.\" $OpenBSD: sha1.1,v 1.6 1998/12/15 01:20:23 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: sha1.1,v 1.7 2000/03/23 21:10:22 aaron Exp $
.\"
.Dd July 12, 1997
.Dt SHA1 1
It is conjectured that it is computationally infeasible to produce
two messages having the same message digest, or to produce any
message having a given prespecified target message digest.
+.Pp
The
.Em SHA-1
algorithm is intended for digital signature applications, where a
encrypted with a private (secret) key under a public-key cryptosystem
such as
.Em RSA .
-.Sh OPTIONS
-The following four options may be used in any combination and must
-precede any files named on the command line. The SHA-1
-sum of each file listed on the command line is printed after the options
-are processed.
+.Pp
+The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Fl
.It Fl s Ar string
Prints a checksum of the given
.It Fl x
Runs a built-in test script.
.El
+.Pp
+The SHA-1
+sum of each file listed on the command line is printed after the options
+are processed.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr cksum 1 ,
.Xr md5 1 ,
-.\" $OpenBSD: pax.1,v 1.18 2000/03/17 18:15:15 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: pax.1,v 1.19 2000/03/23 21:10:23 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: pax.1,v 1.3 1995/03/21 09:07:37 cgd Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1992 Keith Muller.
Only
.Em regular
files,
-.Em hard links , soft links ,
+.Em hard links , soft links ,
and
-.Em directories
+.Em directories
will be archived (other file system types are not supported).
For backwards compatibility with even older tar formats, a
.Fl o
-.\" $OpenBSD: certpatch.8,v 1.3 2000/02/01 02:46:17 niklas Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: certpatch.8,v 1.4 2000/03/23 21:10:20 aaron Exp $
.\" $EOM: certpatch.8,v 1.4 2000/01/31 22:33:50 niklas Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Niklas Hallqvist. All rights reserved.
.Nm
alters PEM-encoded X.509 certificates by adding a subjectAltName extension
containing an identity used by the signature-based authentication schemes
-of the ISAKMP protocol. After the addition the certificate will be signed
+of the ISAKMP protocol.
+After the addition the certificate will be signed
once again with the supplied CA signing key.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.It Fl t Ar identity-type
If given, the
.Fl t
-option specifies the type of the given identity. Currently
+option specifies the type of the given identity.
+Currently
.Li ip ,
.Li fqdn ,
and
.Li ufqdn
-are recognized. The default is
+are recognized.
+The default is
.Li ip .
.It Fl i Ar identity
The
.Fl i
option takes an argument which is the identity to put into the
-subjectAltName field of the certificate. If the identity-type is
+subjectAltName field of the certificate.
+If the identity-type is
.Li ip ,
this argument should be an IPv4 address in dotted decimal notation.
.It Fl k Ar signing-key
The
.Fl k
option specifies the key used for signing the certificate once the
-subjectAltName extension has been added. The key is specified by
+subjectAltName extension has been added.
+The key is specified by
the filename where it is stored in PEM format.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
-.\" $OpenBSD: mount_fdesc.8,v 1.9 1999/07/21 01:07:54 deraadt Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: mount_fdesc.8,v 1.10 2000/03/23 21:10:20 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: mount_fdesc.8,v 1.6 1995/12/17 18:50:19 ghudson Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1992, 1993, 1994
sub-directory.
Opening them is equivalent to the following calls:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
-fd = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 0);
+fd = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 0);
fd = fcntl(STDOUT_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 0);
fd = fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 0);
.Ed
+.\" $OpenBSD: rtquery.8,v 1.12 2000/03/23 21:10:21 aaron Exp $
+.\"
.Dd June 1, 1996
.Dt RTQUERY 8
.Os
.Cm request
or
.Cm poll
-command. The routing information in any routing
+command.
+The routing information in any routing
.Dq response
packets returned is displayed numerically and symbolically.
.Pp
.Cm request
command because the response is not subject to Split Horizon and/or
Poisoned Reverse, and because some versions of gated do not answer
-the Request command. Routed does not answer the Poll command, but
+the Request command.
+Routed does not answer the Poll command, but
recognizes Requests coming from
.Nm
and so answers completely.
is also used to turn tracing on or off in
.Xr routed 8 .
.Pp
-Options supported by
-.Nm rtquery :
+The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl n
Normally network and host numbers are displayed both symbolically
.El
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent-two
.It Em on=tracefile
-Turn tracing on into the specified file. That file must usually
+Turn tracing on into the specified file.
+That file must usually
have been specified when the daemon was started or be the same
as a fixed name, often
.Pa /etc/routed.trace .
-.\" $OpenBSD: arch.1,v 1.6 2000/03/11 21:40:07 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: arch.1,v 1.7 2000/03/23 21:10:11 aaron Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1994 SigmaSoft, Th. Lockert
.\" All rights reserved.
.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
-.\" $OpenBSD: arch.1,v 1.6 2000/03/11 21:40:07 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: arch.1,v 1.7 2000/03/23 21:10:11 aaron Exp $
.\"
.Dd June 22, 1996
.Dt ARCH 1
displays the kernel architecture (without the operating system part).
Note that both commands output the target architecture as opposed to
.Xr uname 1
-which describes the host. This is useful for dynamic discovery
+which describes the host.
+This is useful for dynamic discovery
of the target architecture in build or configuration scripts
needing to work in cross-compilation environments.
.Pp
-.\" $OpenBSD: asa.1,v 1.8 2000/03/04 21:12:00 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: asa.1,v 1.9 2000/03/23 21:10:12 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: asa.1,v 1.4 1995/03/26 02:25:05 glass Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Winning Strategies, Inc.
.Pp
Lines beginning with characters other than the above are treated as if they
begin with a space
-.Pq Sq \ .
+.Pq Sq \ .
.Pp
The
.Nm
-.\" $OpenBSD: at.1,v 1.13 2000/03/04 21:12:00 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: at.1,v 1.14 2000/03/23 21:10:12 aaron Exp $
.\" $FreeBSD: at.man,v 1.6 1997/02/22 19:54:05 peter Exp $
.Dd April 12, 1995
.Dt AT 1
.It Nm at
Executes commands at a specified time.
.It Nm atq
-Lists the user's pending jobs, unless the user is the super-user.
+Lists the user's pending jobs, unless the user is the superuser.
In that case, all users' jobs are listed.
.It Nm atrm
Deletes jobs.
.It Nm batch
-Executes commands when system load levels permit. In other words, when
+Executes commands when system load levels permit.
+In other words, when
the load average drops below 1.5, or the value specified in the invocation of
.Nm atrun .
.El
Prints the version number to standard error.
.It Fl q Ar queue
Uses the specified queue.
-A queue designation consists of a single letter. Valid queue designations
-range from
+A queue designation consists of a single letter.
+Valid queue designations range from
.Sy a
to
.Sy z
.It Fl v
For
.Nm atq ,
-shows completed but not yet deleted jobs in the queue. Otherwise
-shows the time the job will be executed.
+shows completed but not yet deleted jobs in the queue.
+Otherwise shows the time the job will be executed.
.It Fl c
Prints the jobs listed on the command line to standard output.
.El
.Nm at
allows some moderately complex
.Ar time
-specifications. It accepts times of the form
+specifications.
+It accepts times of the form
.Ar HHMM
or
.Ar HH:MM
.Xr su 1
shell will retain the current user ID.
The user will be mailed standard error and standard output from his
-commands, if any. Mail will be sent using the command
+commands, if any.
+Mail will be sent using the command
.Xr sendmail 8 .
If
.Nm at
.Xr su 1
shell, the owner of the login shell will receive the mail.
.Pp
-The super-user may use these commands in any case.
+The superuser may use these commands in any case.
For other users, permission to use at is determined by the files
.Pa /var/at/at.allow
and
.Pa /var/at/at.allow
does not exist,
.Pa /var/at/at.deny
-is checked. Every username not mentioned in it is then allowed
-to use
+is checked.
+Every username not mentioned in it is then allowed to use
.Nm at .
-If neither exists, only the super-user is allowed use of
+If neither exists, only the superuser is allowed use of
.Nm at .
.Pp
An empty
.Nm nqs .
.Pp
.Nm atq
-always prints the year as two digits. Since
+always prints the year as two digits.
+Since
.Nm at
only permits submission of jobs in the future, it is somewhat
clear which century the job will run in.
-.\" $OpenBSD: aucat.1,v 1.7 1999/07/04 11:53:51 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: aucat.1,v 1.8 2000/03/23 21:10:13 aaron Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1997 Kenneth Stailey. All rights reserved.
.\"
.Pa /dev/audio .
The
.Ar file
-operands are processed in command line order. If a Sun .au header is
+operands are processed in command line order.
+If a Sun .au header is
detected it is skipped over and not copied to
.Pa /dev/audio .
Otherwise, the
-.\" $OpenBSD: chpass.1,v 1.16 2000/03/22 02:42:34 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: chpass.1,v 1.17 2000/03/23 21:10:13 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: chpass.1,v 1.7 1996/05/15 21:50:40 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1990, 1993
across a group of systems) as they control file access.
.Pp
While it is possible to have multiple entries with identical login names
-and/or identical user IDs, it is usually a mistake to do so. Routines
-that manipulate these files will often return only one of the multiple
+and/or identical user IDs, it is usually a mistake to do so.
+Routines that manipulate these files will often return only one of the multiple
entries, and that one by random selection.
.Pp
The
.Pp
The
.Ar class
-field is currently unused. In the near future it will be a key to
-a
+field is currently unused.
+In the near future it will be a key to a
.Xr termcap 5
style database of user attributes.
.Pp
-.\" $OpenBSD: col.1,v 1.4 1999/06/05 01:21:21 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: col.1,v 1.5 2000/03/23 21:10:14 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: col.1,v 1.4 1995/03/26 05:25:52 glass Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
This can be useful in processing the output of
.Xr nroff 1
and
-.Xr tbl 1 .
+.Xr tbl 1 .
.Pp
.Nm
reads from the standard input and writes to the standard output.
.\" Copyright (c) 1988 Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
.\" Student Information Processing Board. All rights reserved.
.\"
-.\" $OpenBSD: compile_et.1,v 1.9 2000/03/05 20:09:21 aaron Exp $
-.\" $Header: /home/cvs/src/usr.bin/compile_et/Attic/compile_et.1,v 1.9 2000/03/05 20:09:21 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: compile_et.1,v 1.10 2000/03/23 21:10:14 aaron Exp $
+.\" $Header: /home/cvs/src/usr.bin/compile_et/Attic/compile_et.1,v 1.10 2000/03/23 21:10:14 aaron Exp $
.\"
-.Dd November 22, 1988
+.Dd November 22, 1988
.Dt COMPILE_ET 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Pp
A C source file is also generated which should be compiled and linked
with the object files which reference these error codes; it contains
-the text of the messages and the initialization subroutine. Both C
-files have names derived from that of the original source file, with
+the text of the messages and the initialization subroutine.
+Both C files have names derived from that of the original source file, with
the
.Dq .et
suffix replaced by
-.\" $OpenBSD: compress.1,v 1.10 2000/03/05 20:09:21 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: compress.1,v 1.11 2000/03/23 21:10:15 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: compress.1,v 1.5 1995/03/26 09:44:34 glass Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1986, 1990, 1993
continues to use the existing code dictionary.
However, if the compression ratio decreases,
.Nm
-discards the table of substrings and rebuilds it from scratch. This allows
-the algorithm to adapt to the next
+discards the table of substrings and rebuilds it from scratch.
+This allows the algorithm to adapt to the next
.Dq block
of the file.
.Pp
-.\" $OpenBSD: encrypt.1,v 1.14 2000/03/05 20:09:22 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: encrypt.1,v 1.15 2000/03/23 21:10:15 aaron Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1996, Jason Downs. All rights reserved.
.\"
.Nm
prints the encrypted form of
.Ar string
-to the standard output. This is mostly useful for encrypting passwords
-from within scripts.
+to the standard output.
+This is mostly useful for encrypting passwords from within scripts.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width XxXXXXXXX
-.\" $OpenBSD: error.1,v 1.9 2000/03/07 21:11:07 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: error.1,v 1.10 2000/03/23 21:10:15 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: error.1,v 1.3 1995/09/02 06:15:20 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
.Nm
utility analyzes and optionally disperses the diagnostic error messages
produced by a number of compilers and language processors to the source
-file and line where the errors occurred. It can replace the painful,
+file and line where the errors occurred.
+It can replace the painful,
traditional methods of scribbling abbreviations of errors on paper, and
permits error messages and source code to be viewed simultaneously
without machinations of multiple windows in a screen editor.
Humans are still much better at discarding these related errors.
.Pp
Pascal error messages belong after the lines affected
-(error puts them before). The alignment of the
+(error puts them before).
+The alignment of the
.Sq \e
marking the point of error is also disturbed by
.Nm error .
-.\" $OpenBSD: file.1,v 1.8 2000/03/06 02:38:19 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: file.1,v 1.9 2000/03/23 21:10:16 aaron Exp $
.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/file/file.1,v 1.16 2000/03/01 12:19:39 sheldonh Exp $
.Dd July 30, 1997
.Dt FILE 1
implement them)
are intuited if they are defined in
the system header file
-.Aq Pa sys/stat.h .
+.Aq Pa sys/stat.h .
.Pp
The magic number tests are used to check for files with data in
particular fixed formats.
>10 string language\e impress (imPRESS data)
.Pp
In addition, in this version, if a pattern string contains a backslash,
-it must be escaped. For example
+it must be escaped.
+For example
.Pp
0 string \ebegindata Andrew Toolkit document
.Pp
software, no matter how awful, even if they arise from flaws in it;
.It
The origin of this software must not be misrepresented, either by
-explicit claim or by omission. Since few users ever read sources,
+explicit claim or by omission.
+Since few users ever read sources,
credits must appear in the documentation;
.It
Altered versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
-misrepresented as being the original software. Since few users
-ever read sources, credits must appear in the documentation;
+misrepresented as being the original software.
+Since few users ever read sources, credits must appear in the documentation;
.It
This notice may not be removed or altered.
.El
Another optimization would be to sort
the magic file so that we can just run down all the
tests for the first byte, first word, first long, etc, once we
-have fetched it. Complain about conflicts in the magic file entries.
+have fetched it.
+Complain about conflicts in the magic file entries.
Make a rule that the magic entries sort based on file offset rather
than position within the magic file?
.Pp
-.\" $OpenBSD: fstat.1,v 1.16 2000/03/07 21:11:09 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: fstat.1,v 1.17 2000/03/23 21:10:17 aaron Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1991, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.It Fl n
Numerical format.
Print the device number (maj,min) of the file system
-the file resides in rather than the mount point name. For special
-files, print the
+the file resides in rather than the mount point name.
+For special files, print the
device number that the special device refers to rather than the filename
in
.Pa /dev .
possible for them to disappear while
.Nm fstat
is running.
-This is normal and unavoidable since the rest of the system is running while
+This is normal and unavoidable since the rest of the system is running while
.Nm fstat
itself is running.
.It Ar file ...
.It Li INUM
The inode number of the file.
.It Li MODE
-The mode of the file. If the
+The mode of the file.
+If the
.Fl n
flag isn't specified, the mode is printed
using a symbolic format (see
-.\" @(#) $OpenBSD: m4.1,v 1.12 2000/03/18 01:06:55 espie Exp $
+.\" @(#) $OpenBSD: m4.1,v 1.13 2000/03/23 21:10:17 aaron Exp $
.\"
.\"
.Dd January 26, 1993
.Ar dirname
to the include path.
.It Fl g
-Activate GNU-m4 compatibility mode. In this mode, changequote with
+Activate GNU-m4 compatibility mode.
+In this mode, changequote with
two empty parameters deactivates quotes, translit handles simple character
ranges (e.g., a-z) and regular expressions mimic emacs behavior.
.Sh SYNTAX
stack for later retrieval by
.Ic popdef .
.It Ic regexp
-Finds a regular expression in a string. If no further arguments are given,
-it returns the first match position or -1 if no match. If a third argument
+Finds a regular expression in a string.
+If no further arguments are given,
+it returns the first match position or \-1 if no match. If a third argument
is provided, it returns the replacement string, with sub-patterns replaced.
.It Ic shift
Returns all but the first argument, the remaining arguments are
-.\" $OpenBSD: pctr.1,v 1.4 2000/03/10 20:17:49 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: pctr.1,v 1.5 2000/03/23 21:10:17 aaron Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1998, Jason Downs. All rights reserved.
.\"
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl l Ar 5 | 6
-List all possible vendor specific counters. The argument specifies which
+List all possible vendor specific counters.
+The argument specifies which
.Dq family
to display; it defaults to the
.Dq family
-.\" $OpenBSD: printf.1,v 1.10 2000/03/10 20:17:49 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: printf.1,v 1.11 2000/03/23 21:10:18 aaron Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm printf
.Ar format
-.Op Ar arguments ...
+.Op Ar arguments ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm printf
formats and prints its arguments, after the first, under control
-.\" $OpenBSD: skeyprune.8,v 1.4 1999/07/02 20:11:46 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: skeyprune.8,v 1.5 2000/03/23 21:10:18 aaron Exp $
.\"
.\"
.Dd September 27, 1996
.Xr skeyinit 1
as well as entries that have not been modified in
.Ar days
-days. If
+days.
+If
.Ar days
is not specified only commented out entries are pruned.
.Sh FILES
-.\" $OpenBSD: skeyinit.1,v 1.15 1999/08/17 16:19:06 millert Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: skeyinit.1,v 1.16 2000/03/23 21:10:19 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: skeyinit.1,v 1.4 1995/07/07 22:24:09 jtc Exp $
.\" @(#)skeyinit.1 1.1 10/28/93
.\"
.Oc
.Op Ar user
.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Nm skeyinit
-initializes the system so you can use S/Key one-time passwords
-to login. The program will ask you to enter a secret pass phrase;
+.Nm
+initializes the system so you can use S/Key one-time passwords to login.
+The program will ask you to enter a secret pass phrase;
enter a phrase of several words in response. After the S/Key database
has been updated you can login using either your regular password
or using S/Key one-time passwords.
.Pp
-.Nm skeyinit
+.Nm
requires you to type a secret password, so it should be used
-only on a secure terminal. For example, on the console of a
-workstation or over an encrypted network session. If you are
-using
-.Nm skeyinit
+only on a secure terminal.
+For example, on the console of a
+workstation or over an encrypted network session.
+If you are using
+.Nm
while logged in over an untrusted network, follow the instructions
given below with the
.Fl s
option.
.Pp
Before initializing an S/Key entry, the user must authenticate
-using either a standard password or an S/Key challenge. When used
-over an untrusted network, a password of
+using either a standard password or an S/Key challenge.
+When used over an untrusted network, a password of
.Sq s/key
-should be used. The user will then be presented with the standard
+should be used.
+The user will then be presented with the standard
S/Key challenge and allowed to proceed if it is correct.
.Sh OPTIONS
.Bl -tag -width XXXXXXX
Displays pass phrase in hexadecimal instead of ASCII.
.It Fl s
Set secure mode where the user is expected to have used a secure
-machine to generate the first one-time password. Without the
+machine to generate the first one-time password.
+Without the
.Fl s
option the system will assume you are directly connected over secure
-communications and prompt you for your secret password. The
+communications and prompt you for your secret password.
+The
.Fl s
option also allows one to set the seed and count for complete
-control of the parameters. You can use
-.Dq skeyinit -s
+control of the parameters.
+You can use
+.Ic skeyinit -s
in combination with the
.Nm skey
command to set the seed and count if you do not like the defaults.
To do this run
-.Nm skeyinit
+.Nm
in one window and put in your count and seed, then run
.Nm skey
in another window to generate the correct 6 English words for that
-count and seed. You can then "cut-and-paste" or type the words into the
-.Nm skeyinit
+count and seed.
+You can then "cut-and-paste" or type the words into the
+.Nm
window.
.It Fl z
Allows the user to zero their S/Key entry.
.Bl -tag -width "skey disabled"
.It skey disabled
.Pa /etc/skeykeys
-does not exist. It must be created by the superuser in order to use
+does not exist.
+It must be created by the superuser in order to use
.Nm skeyinit .
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /etc/skeykeys
.\"
.\" Created: Sun May 7 00:14:37 1995 ylo
.\"
-.\" $Id: scp.1,v 1.5 2000/01/04 16:57:16 markus Exp $
+.\" $Id: scp.1,v 1.6 2000/03/23 21:10:09 aaron Exp $
.\"
.Dd September 25, 1999
.Dt SCP 1
.Sm on
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
-copies files between hosts on a network. It uses
+copies files between hosts on a network.
+It uses
.Xr ssh 1
for data transfer, and uses the same authentication and provides the
same security as
authentication.
.Pp
Any file name may contain a host and user specification to indicate
-that the file is to be copied to/from that host. Copies between two
-remote hosts are permitted.
+that the file is to be copied to/from that host.
+Copies between two remote hosts are permitted.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl c Ar cipher
-Selects the cipher to use for encrypting the data transfer. This
-option is directly passed to
+Selects the cipher to use for encrypting the data transfer.
+This option is directly passed to
.Xr ssh 1 .
.It Fl i Ar identity_file
Selects the file from which the identity (private key) for RSA
-authentication is read. This option is directly passed to
+authentication is read.
+This option is directly passed to
.Xr ssh 1 .
.It Fl p
Preserves modification times, access times, and modes from the
.It Fl r
Recursively copy entire directories.
.It Fl v
-Verbose mode. Causes
+Verbose mode.
+Causes
.Nm
and
.Xr ssh 1
-to print debugging messages about their progress. This is helpful in
+to print debugging messages about their progress.
+This is helpful in
debugging connection, authentication, and configuration problems.
.It Fl B
Selects batch mode (prevents asking for passwords or passphrases).
.It Fl q
Disables the progress meter.
.It Fl C
-Compression enable. Passes the
+Compression enable.
+Passes the
.Fl C
flag to
.Xr ssh 1
to enable compression.
.It Fl P Ar port
-Specifies the port to connect to on the remote host. Note that this
-option is written with a capital
+Specifies the port to connect to on the remote host.
+Note that this option is written with a capital
.Sq P ,
because
.Fl p
.\"
.\" Created: Sat Apr 22 23:55:14 1995 ylo
.\"
-.\" $Id: ssh-add.1,v 1.10 2000/01/22 02:17:50 aaron Exp $
+.\" $Id: ssh-add.1,v 1.11 2000/03/23 21:11:38 aaron Exp $
.\"
.Dd September 25, 1999
.Dt SSH-ADD 1
.Xr ssh-agent 1 .
When run without arguments, it adds the file
.Pa $HOME/.ssh/identity .
-Alternative file names can be given on the
-command line. If any file requires a passphrase,
+Alternative file names can be given on the command line.
+If any file requires a passphrase,
.Nm
asks for the passphrase from the user.
-The Passphrase it is read from the user's tty.
+The Passphrase it is read from the user's tty.
.Pp
The authentication agent must be running and must be an ancestor of
the current process for
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/identity
-Contains the RSA authentication identity of the user. This file
-should not be readable by anyone but the user.
+Contains the RSA authentication identity of the user.
+This file should not be readable by anyone but the user.
Note that
.Nm
ignores this file if it is accessible by others.
It is possible to
specify a passphrase when generating the key; that passphrase will be
-used to encrypt the private part of this file. This is the
-default file added by
+used to encrypt the private part of this file.
+This is the default file added by
.Nm
when no other files have been specified.
.Pp
If
.Nm
needs a passphrase, it will read the passphrase from the current
-terminal if it was run from a terminal. If
+terminal if it was run from a terminal.
+If
.Nm
does not have a terminal associated with it but
.Ev DISPLAY
.Ev SSH_ASKPASS
are set, it will execute the program specified by
.Ev SSH_ASKPASS
-and open an X11 window to read the passphrase. This is particularly
-useful when calling
+and open an X11 window to read the passphrase.
+This is particularly useful when calling
.Nm
from a
.Pa .Xsession
-or related script. (Note that on some machines it
+or related script.
+(Note that on some machines it
may be necessary to redirect the input from
.Pa /dev/null
to make this work.)
.Pp
OpenSSH
is a derivative of the original (free) ssh 1.2.12 release, but with bugs
-removed and newer features re-added. Rapidly after the 1.2.12 release,
-newer versions bore successively more restrictive licenses. This version
-of OpenSSH
+removed and newer features re-added.
+Rapidly after the 1.2.12 release,
+newer versions bore successively more restrictive licenses.
+This version of OpenSSH
.Bl -bullet
.It
has all components of a restrictive nature (i.e., patents, see
-.\" $OpenBSD: ssh-agent.1,v 1.9 2000/01/22 02:17:50 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: ssh-agent.1,v 1.10 2000/03/23 21:10:10 aaron Exp $
.\"
.\" -*- nroff -*-
.\"
.Oc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
-is a program to hold authentication private keys. The
-idea is that
+is a program to hold authentication private keys.
+The idea is that
.Nm
is started in the beginning of an X-session or a login session, and
all other windows or programs are started as clients to the ssh-agent
-program. Through use of environment variables the agent can be located
+program.
+Through use of environment variables the agent can be located
and automatically used for RSA authentication when logging in to other
machines using
.Xr ssh 1 .
If a commandline is given, this is executed as a subprocess of the agent.
When the command dies, so does the agent.
.Pp
-The agent initially does not have any private keys. Keys are added
-using
+The agent initially does not have any private keys.
+Keys are added using
.Xr ssh-add 1 .
When executed without arguments,
.Xr ssh-add 1
adds the
.Pa $HOME/.ssh/identity
-file. If the identity has a passphrase,
+file.
+If the identity has a passphrase,
.Xr ssh-add 1
asks for the passphrase (using a small X11 application if running
-under X11, or from the terminal if running without X). It then sends
-the identity to the agent. Several identities can be stored in the
+under X11, or from the terminal if running without X).
+It then sends the identity to the agent.
+Several identities can be stored in the
agent; the agent can automatically use any of these identities.
.Ic ssh-add -l
displays the identities currently held by the agent.
.Pp
The idea is that the agent is run in the user's local PC, laptop, or
-terminal. Authentication data need not be stored on any other
+terminal.
+Authentication data need not be stored on any other
machine, and authentication passphrases never go over the network.
However, the connection to the agent is forwarded over SSH
remote logins, and the user can thus use the privileges given by the
identities anywhere in the network in a secure way.
.Pp
-There are two main ways to get an agent setup: Either you let the agent
+There are two main ways to get an agent setup:
+Either you let the agent
start a new subcommand into which some environment variables are exported, or
you let the agent print the needed shell commands (either
.Xr sh 1
and the name of this socket is stored in the
.Ev SSH_AUTH_SOCK
environment
-variable. The socket is made accessible only to the current user.
+variable.
+The socket is made accessible only to the current user.
This method is easily abused by root or another instance of the same
user.
.Pp
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/identity
-Contains the RSA authentication identity of the user. This file
-should not be readable by anyone but the user. It is possible to
+Contains the RSA authentication identity of the user.
+This file should not be readable by anyone but the user.
+It is possible to
specify a passphrase when generating the key; that passphrase will be
-used to encrypt the private part of this file. This file
-is not used by
+used to encrypt the private part of this file.
+This file is not used by
.Nm
but is normally added to the agent using
.Xr ssh-add 1
at login time.
.It Pa /tmp/ssh-XXXX/agent.<pid> ,
Unix-domain sockets used to contain the connection to the
-authentication agent. These sockets should only be readable by the
-owner. The sockets should get automatically removed when the agent
-exits.
+authentication agent.
+These sockets should only be readable by the owner.
+The sockets should get automatically removed when the agent exits.
.Sh AUTHOR
Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
.Pp
OpenSSH
is a derivative of the original (free) ssh 1.2.12 release, but with bugs
-removed and newer features re-added. Rapidly after the 1.2.12 release,
-newer versions bore successively more restrictive licenses. This version
-of OpenSSH
+removed and newer features re-added.
+Rapidly after the 1.2.12 release,
+newer versions bore successively more restrictive licenses.
+This version of OpenSSH
.Bl -bullet
.It
has all components of a restrictive nature (i.e., patents, see
.\"
.\" Created: Sat Apr 22 23:55:14 1995 ylo
.\"
-.\" $Id: ssh-keygen.1,v 1.11 2000/01/22 02:17:50 aaron Exp $
+.\" $Id: ssh-keygen.1,v 1.12 2000/03/23 21:10:10 aaron Exp $
.\"
.Dd September 25, 1999
.Dt SSH-KEYGEN 1
Additionally, the system administrator may use this to generate host keys.
.Pp
Normally this program generates the key and asks for a file in which
-to store the private key. The public key is stored in a file with the
-same name but
+to store the private key.
+The public key is stored in a file with the same name but
.Dq .pub
-appended. The program also asks for a
-passphrase. The passphrase may be empty to indicate no passphrase
+appended.
+The program also asks for a passphrase.
+The passphrase may be empty to indicate no passphrase
(host keys must have empty passphrase), or it may be a string of
-arbitrary length. Good passphrases are 10-30 characters long and are
+arbitrary length.
+Good passphrases are 10-30 characters long and are
not simple sentences or otherwise easily guessable (English
prose has only 1-2 bits of entropy per word, and provides very bad
-passphrases). The passphrase can be changed later by using the
+passphrases).
+The passphrase can be changed later by using the
.Fl p
option.
.Pp
-There is no way to recover a lost passphrase. If the passphrase is
+There is no way to recover a lost passphrase.
+If the passphrase is
lost or forgotten, you will have to generate a new key and copy the
corresponding public key to other machines.
.Pp
There is also a comment field in the key file that is only for
-convenience to the user to help identify the key. The comment can
-tell what the key is for, or whatever is useful. The comment is
-initialized to
+convenience to the user to help identify the key.
+The comment can tell what the key is for, or whatever is useful.
+The comment is initialized to
.Dq user@host
when the key is created, but can be changed using the
.Fl c
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl b Ar bits
-Specifies the number of bits in the key to create. Minimum is 512
-bits. Generally 1024 bits is considered sufficient, and key sizes
-above that no longer improve security but make things slower. The
-default is 1024 bits.
+Specifies the number of bits in the key to create.
+Minimum is 512 bits.
+Generally 1024 bits is considered sufficient, and key sizes
+above that no longer improve security but make things slower.
+The default is 1024 bits.
.It Fl c
Requests changing the comment in the private and public key files.
The program will prompt for the file containing the private keys, for
Show fingerprint of specified private or public key file.
.It Fl p
Requests changing the passphrase of a private key file instead of
-creating a new private key. The program will prompt for the file
+creating a new private key.
+The program will prompt for the file
containing the private key, for the old passphrase, and twice for the
new passphrase.
.It Fl q
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/identity
-Contains the RSA authentication identity of the user. This file
-should not be readable by anyone but the user. It is possible to
+Contains the RSA authentication identity of the user.
+This file should not be readable by anyone but the user.
+It is possible to
specify a passphrase when generating the key; that passphrase will be
-used to encrypt the private part of this file using 3DES. This file
-is not automatically accessed by
+used to encrypt the private part of this file using 3DES.
+This file is not automatically accessed by
.Nm
but it is offered as the default file for the private key.
.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/identity.pub
-Contains the public key for authentication. The contents of this file
-should be added to
+Contains the public key for authentication.
+The contents of this file should be added to
.Pa $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
on all machines
-where you wish to log in using RSA authentication. There is no
-need to keep the contents of this file secret.
+where you wish to log in using RSA authentication.
+There is no need to keep the contents of this file secret.
.Sh AUTHOR
Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
.Pp
OpenSSH
is a derivative of the original (free) ssh 1.2.12 release, but with bugs
-removed and newer features re-added. Rapidly after the 1.2.12 release,
-newer versions bore successively more restrictive licenses. This version
-of OpenSSH
+removed and newer features re-added.
+Rapidly after the 1.2.12 release,
+newer versions bore successively more restrictive licenses.
+This version of OpenSSH
.Bl -bullet
.It
has all components of a restrictive nature (i.e., patents, see
.\"
.\" Created: Sat Apr 22 21:55:14 1995 ylo
.\"
-.\" $Id: ssh.1,v 1.40 2000/03/11 21:40:03 aaron Exp $
+.\" $Id: ssh.1,v 1.41 2000/03/23 21:11:38 aaron Exp $
.\"
.Dd September 25, 1999
.Dt SSH 1
of the machines will be properly noticed.
However, this means that
connections will die if the route is down temporarily, and some people
-find it annoying.
+find it annoying.
.Pp
The default is
.Dq yes
.\"
.\" Created: Sat Apr 22 21:55:14 1995 ylo
.\"
-.\" $Id: sshd.8,v 1.35 2000/03/14 21:31:41 aaron Exp $
+.\" $Id: sshd.8,v 1.36 2000/03/23 21:10:10 aaron Exp $
.\"
.Dd September 25, 1999
.Dt SSHD 8
.Xr ssh 1 .
Together these programs replace rlogin and rsh programs, and
provide secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts
-over an insecure network. The programs are intended to be as easy to
+over an insecure network.
+The programs are intended to be as easy to
install and use as possible.
.Pp
.Nm
-is the daemon that listens for connections from clients. It is
-normally started at boot from
+is the daemon that listens for connections from clients.
+It is normally started at boot from
.Pa /etc/rc .
It forks a new
-daemon for each incoming connection. The forked daemons handle
+daemon for each incoming connection.
+The forked daemons handle
key exchange, encryption, authentication, command execution,
and data exchange.
.Pp
.Nm
-works as follows. Each host has a host-specific RSA key
-(normally 1024 bits) used to identify the host. Additionally, when
+works as follows.
+Each host has a host-specific RSA key
+(normally 1024 bits) used to identify the host.
+Additionally, when
the daemon starts, it generates a server RSA key (normally 768 bits).
This key is normally regenerated every hour if it has been used, and
is never stored on disk.
.Pp
Whenever a client connects the daemon, the daemon sends its host
-and server public keys to the client. The client compares the
+and server public keys to the client.
+The client compares the
host key against its own database to verify that it has not changed.
-The client then generates a 256 bit random number. It encrypts this
+The client then generates a 256 bit random number.
+It encrypts this
random number using both the host key and the server key, and sends
-the encrypted number to the server. Both sides then start to use this
+the encrypted number to the server.
+Both sides then start to use this
random number as a session key which is used to encrypt all further
-communications in the session. The rest of the session is encrypted
+communications in the session.
+The rest of the session is encrypted
using a conventional cipher, currently Blowfish and 3DES, with 3DES
-being is used by default. The client selects the encryption algorithm
+being is used by default.
+The client selects the encryption algorithm
to use from those offered by the server.
.Pp
-Next, the server and the client enter an authentication dialog. The
-client tries to authenticate itself using
+Next, the server and the client enter an authentication dialog.
+The client tries to authenticate itself using
.Pa .rhosts
authentication,
.Pa .rhosts
.Pp
Rhosts authentication is normally disabled
because it is fundamentally insecure, but can be enabled in the server
-configuration file if desired. System security is not improved unless
+configuration file if desired.
+System security is not improved unless
.Xr rshd 8 ,
.Xr rlogind 8 ,
.Xr rexecd 8 ,
into that machine).
.Pp
If the client successfully authenticates itself, a dialog for
-preparing the session is entered. At this time the client may request
+preparing the session is entered.
+At this time the client may request
things like allocating a pseudo-tty, forwarding X11 connections,
forwarding TCP/IP connections, or forwarding the authentication agent
connection over the secure channel.
.Pp
Finally, the client either requests a shell or execution of a command.
-The sides then enter session mode. In this mode, either side may send
+The sides then enter session mode.
+In this mode, either side may send
data at any time, and such data is forwarded to/from the shell or
command on the server side, and the user terminal in the client side.
.Pp
.Pp
.Nm
can be configured using command-line options or a configuration
-file. Command-line options override values specified in the
+file.
+Command-line options override values specified in the
configuration file.
.Pp
.Nm
Specifies the number of bits in the server key (default 768).
.Pp
.It Fl d
-Debug mode. The server sends verbose debug output to the system
-log, and does not put itself in the background. The server also will
-not fork and will only process one connection. This option is only
-intended for debugging for the server.
+Debug mode.
+The server sends verbose debug output to the system
+log, and does not put itself in the background.
+The server also will not fork and will only process one connection.
+This option is only intended for debugging for the server.
.It Fl f Ar configuration_file
-Specifies the name of the configuration file. The default is
+Specifies the name of the configuration file.
+The default is
.Pa /etc/sshd_config .
.Nm
refuses to start if there is no configuration file.
.It Fl g Ar login_grace_time
Gives the grace time for clients to authenticate themselves (default
-300 seconds). If the client fails to authenticate the user within
-this many seconds, the server disconnects and exits. A value of zero
-indicates no limit.
+300 seconds).
+If the client fails to authenticate the user within
+this many seconds, the server disconnects and exits.
+A value of zero indicates no limit.
.It Fl h Ar host_key_file
Specifies the file from which the host key is read (default
.Pa /etc/ssh_host_key ) .
.Nm
is normally not run
from inetd because it needs to generate the server key before it can
-respond to the client, and this may take tens of seconds. Clients
-would have to wait too long if the key was regenerated every time.
+respond to the client, and this may take tens of seconds.
+Clients would have to wait too long if the key was regenerated every time.
However, with small key sizes (e.g., 512) using
.Nm
from inetd may
be feasible.
.It Fl k Ar key_gen_time
Specifies how often the server key is regenerated (default 3600
-seconds, or one hour). The motivation for regenerating the key fairly
+seconds, or one hour).
+The motivation for regenerating the key fairly
often is that the key is not stored anywhere, and after about an hour,
it becomes impossible to recover the key for decrypting intercepted
communications even if the machine is cracked into or physically
-seized. A value of zero indicates that the key will never be regenerated.
+seized.
+A value of zero indicates that the key will never be regenerated.
.It Fl p Ar port
Specifies the port on which the server listens for connections
(default 22).
.It Fl q
-Quiet mode. Nothing is sent to the system log. Normally the beginning,
+Quiet mode.
+Nothing is sent to the system log.
+Normally the beginning,
authentication, and termination of each connection is logged.
.It Fl Q
Do not print an error message if RSA support is missing.
.Pa /etc/sshd_config
(or the file specified with
.Fl f
-on the command line). The file
-contains keyword-value pairs, one per line. Lines starting with
+on the command line).
+The file contains keyword-value pairs, one per line.
+Lines starting with
.Ql #
and empty lines are interpreted as comments.
.Pp
The following keywords are possible.
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Cm AFSTokenPassing
-Specifies whether an AFS token may be forwarded to the server. Default is
+Specifies whether an AFS token may be forwarded to the server.
+Default is
.Dq yes .
.It Cm AllowGroups
This keyword can be followed by a number of group names, separated
-by spaces. If specified, login is allowed only for users whose primary
+by spaces.
+If specified, login is allowed only for users whose primary
group matches one of the patterns.
.Ql \&*
and
.Ql ?
can be used as
-wildcards in the patterns. Only group names are valid, a numerical group
-id isn't recognized. By default login is allowed regardless of
-the primary group.
+wildcards in the patterns.
+Only group names are valid, a numerical group ID isn't recognized.
+By default login is allowed regardless of the primary group.
.Pp
.It Cm AllowUsers
This keyword can be followed by a number of user names, separated
-by spaces. If specified, login is allowed only for users names that
+by spaces.
+If specified, login is allowed only for users names that
match one of the patterns.
.Ql \&*
and
.Ql ?
can be used as
-wildcards in the patterns. Only user names are valid, a numerical user
-id isn't recognized. By default login is allowed regardless of
-the user name.
+wildcards in the patterns.
+Only user names are valid, a numerical user ID isn't recognized.
+By default login is allowed regardless of the user name.
.Pp
.It Cm CheckMail
Specifies whether
.Dq no .
.It Cm DenyGroups
This keyword can be followed by a number of group names, separated
-by spaces. Users whose primary group matches one of the patterns
+by spaces.
+Users whose primary group matches one of the patterns
aren't allowed to log in.
.Ql \&*
and
.Ql ?
can be used as
-wildcards in the patterns. Only group names are valid, a numerical group
-id isn't recognized. By default login is allowed regardless of
-the primary group.
+wildcards in the patterns.
+Only group names are valid, a numerical group ID isn't recognized.
+By default login is allowed regardless of the primary group.
.Pp
.It Cm DenyUsers
This keyword can be followed by a number of user names, separated
-by spaces. Login is disallowed for user names that match
-one of the patterns.
+by spaces.
+Login is disallowed for user names that match one of the patterns.
.Ql \&*
and
.Ql ?
-can be used as
-wildcards in the patterns. Only user names are valid, a numerical user
-id isn't recognized. By default login is allowed regardless of
-the user name.
+can be used as wildcards in the patterns.
+Only user names are valid, a numerical user ID isn't recognized.
+By default login is allowed regardless of the user name.
.It Cm HostKey
Specifies the file containing the private host key (default
.Pa /etc/ssh_host_key ) .
.Pa /etc/hosts.equiv
and
.Pa /etc/shosts.equiv
-are still used. The default is
+are still used.
+The default is
.Dq yes .
.It Cm IgnoreUserKnownHosts
Specifies whether
.Dq no .
.It Cm KeepAlive
Specifies whether the system should send keepalive messages to the
-other side. If they are sent, death of the connection or crash of one
-of the machines will be properly noticed. However, this means that
+other side.
+If they are sent, death of the connection or crash of one
+of the machines will be properly noticed.
+However, this means that
connections will die if the route is down temporarily, and some people
-find it annoying. On the other hand, if keepalives are not send,
+find it annoying.
+On the other hand, if keepalives are not send,
sessions may hang indefinitely on the server, leaving
.Dq ghost
users and consuming server resources.
The default is
.Dq yes
(to send keepalives), and the server will notice
-if the network goes down or the client host reboots. This avoids
-infinitely hanging sessions.
+if the network goes down or the client host reboots.
+This avoids infinitely hanging sessions.
.Pp
To disable keepalives, the value should be set to
.Dq no
in both the server and the client configuration files.
.It Cm KerberosAuthentication
-Specifies whether Kerberos authentication is allowed. This can
-be in the form of a Kerberos ticket, or if
+Specifies whether Kerberos authentication is allowed.
+This can be in the form of a Kerberos ticket, or if
.Cm PasswordAuthentication
is yes, the password provided by the user will be validated through
-the Kerberos KDC. Default is
+the Kerberos KDC.
+Default is
.Dq yes .
.It Cm KerberosOrLocalPasswd
If set then if password authentication through Kerberos fails then
the password will be validated via any additional local mechanism
such as
.Pa /etc/passwd
-or SecurID. Default is
+or SecurID.
+Default is
.Dq yes .
.It Cm KerberosTgtPassing
Specifies whether a Kerberos TGT may be forwarded to the server.
as this only works when the Kerberos KDC is actually an AFS kaserver.
.It Cm KerberosTicketCleanup
Specifies whether to automatically destroy the user's ticket cache
-file on logout. Default is
+file on logout.
+Default is
.Dq yes .
.It Cm KeyRegenerationInterval
The server key is automatically regenerated after this many seconds
-(if it has been used). The purpose of regeneration is to prevent
+(if it has been used).
+The purpose of regeneration is to prevent
decrypting captured sessions by later breaking into the machine and
-stealing the keys. The key is never stored anywhere. If the value is
-0, the key is never regenerated. The default is 3600
-(seconds).
+stealing the keys.
+The key is never stored anywhere.
+If the value is 0, the key is never regenerated.
+The default is 3600 (seconds).
.It Cm ListenAddress
Specifies what local address
.Nm
options must precede this option.
.It Cm LoginGraceTime
The server disconnects after this time if the user has not
-successfully logged in. If the value is 0, there is no time limit.
+successfully logged in.
+If the value is 0, there is no time limit.
The default is 600 (seconds).
.It Cm LogLevel
Gives the verbosity level that is used when logging messages from
.Dq yes .
.It Cm PermitEmptyPasswords
When password authentication is allowed, it specifies whether the
-server allows login to accounts with empty password strings. The default
-is
+server allows login to accounts with empty password strings.
+The default is
.Dq no .
.It Cm PermitRootLogin
Specifies whether the root can log in using
.It Cm Port
Specifies the port number that
.Nm
-listens on. The default is 22.
+listens on.
+The default is 22.
Multiple options of this type are permitted.
.It Cm PrintMotd
Specifies whether
.Nm
should print
.Pa /etc/motd
-when a user logs in interactively. (On some systems it is also
-printed by the shell,
+when a user logs in interactively.
+(On some systems it is also printed by the shell,
.Pa /etc/profile ,
-or equivalent.) The default is
+or equivalent.)
+The default is
.Dq yes .
.It Cm RandomSeed
-Obsolete. Random number generation uses other techniques.
+Obsolete.
+Random number generation uses other techniques.
.It Cm RhostsAuthentication
Specifies whether authentication using rhosts or /etc/hosts.equiv
-files is sufficient. Normally, this method should not be permitted
-because it is insecure.
+files is sufficient.
+Normally, this method should not be permitted because it is insecure.
.Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication
should be used
instead, because it performs RSA-based host authentication in addition
.Dq no .
.It Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication
Specifies whether rhosts or /etc/hosts.equiv authentication together
-with successful RSA host authentication is allowed. The default is
+with successful RSA host authentication is allowed.
+The default is
.Dq no .
.It Cm RSAAuthentication
-Specifies whether pure RSA authentication is allowed. The default is
+Specifies whether pure RSA authentication is allowed.
+The default is
.Dq yes .
.It Cm ServerKeyBits
-Defines the number of bits in the server key. The minimum value is
-512, and the default is 768.
+Defines the number of bits in the server key.
+The minimum value is 512, and the default is 768.
.It Cm SkeyAuthentication
Specifies whether
.Xr skey 1
-authentication is allowed. The default is
+authentication is allowed.
+The default is
.Dq yes .
Note that s/key authentication is enabled only if
.Cm PasswordAuthentication
Specifies whether
.Nm
should check file modes and ownership of the
-user's files and home directory before accepting login. This
-is normally desirable because novices sometimes accidentally leave their
-directory or files world-writable. The default is
+user's files and home directory before accepting login.
+This is normally desirable because novices sometimes accidentally leave their
+directory or files world-writable.
+The default is
.Dq yes .
.It Cm SyslogFacility
Gives the facility code that is used when logging messages from
.Nm sshd .
The possible values are: DAEMON, USER, AUTH, LOCAL0, LOCAL1, LOCAL2,
-LOCAL3, LOCAL4, LOCAL5, LOCAL6, LOCAL7. The default is AUTH.
+LOCAL3, LOCAL4, LOCAL5, LOCAL6, LOCAL7.
+The default is AUTH.
.It Cm UseLogin
Specifies whether
.Xr login 1
-is used. The default is
+is used.
+The default is
.Dq no .
.It Cm X11DisplayOffset
Specifies the first display number available for
.Nm sshd Ns 's
-X11 forwarding. This prevents
+X11 forwarding.
+This prevents
.Nm
from interfering with real X11 servers.
The default is 10.
.It Cm X11Forwarding
-Specifies whether X11 forwarding is permitted. The default is
+Specifies whether X11 forwarding is permitted.
+The default is
.Dq no .
Note that disabling X11 forwarding does not improve security in any
way, as users can always install their own forwarders.
exists, runs it; else if
.Pa /etc/sshrc
exists, runs
-it; otherwise runs xauth. The
+it; otherwise runs xauth.
+The
.Dq rc
files are given the X11
authentication protocol and cookie in standard input.
The
.Pa $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
file lists the RSA keys that are
-permitted for RSA authentication. Each line of the file contains one
+permitted for RSA authentication.
+Each line of the file contains one
key (empty lines and lines starting with a
.Ql #
are ignored as
-comments). Each line consists of the following fields, separated by
-spaces: options, bits, exponent, modulus, comment. The options field
+comments).
+Each line consists of the following fields, separated by
+spaces: options, bits, exponent, modulus, comment.
+The options field
is optional; its presence is determined by whether the line starts
with a number or not (the option field never starts with a number).
The bits, exponent, modulus and comment fields give the RSA key; the
user to identify the key).
.Pp
Note that lines in this file are usually several hundred bytes long
-(because of the size of the RSA key modulus). You don't want to type
-them in; instead, copy the
+(because of the size of the RSA key modulus).
+You don't want to type them in; instead, copy the
.Pa identity.pub
file and edit it.
.Pp
The options (if present) consists of comma-separated option
-specifications. No spaces are permitted, except within double quotes.
+specifications.
+No spaces are permitted, except within double quotes.
The following option specifications are supported:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Cm from="pattern-list"
Specifies that in addition to RSA authentication, the canonical name
of the remote host must be present in the comma-separated list of
-patterns ('*' and '?' serve as wildcards). The list may also contain
-patterns negated by prefixing them with '!'; if the canonical host
-name matches a negated pattern, the key is not accepted. The purpose
+patterns
+.Pf ( Ql *
+and
+.Ql ?
+serve as wildcards).
+The list may also contain
+patterns negated by prefixing them with
+.Ql ! ;
+if the canonical host name matches a negated pattern, the key is not accepted.
+The purpose
of this option is to optionally increase security: RSA authentication
by itself does not trust the network or name servers or anything (but
the key); however, if somebody somehow steals the key, the key
-permits an intruder to log in from anywhere in the world. This
-additional option makes using a stolen key more difficult (name
+permits an intruder to log in from anywhere in the world.
+This additional option makes using a stolen key more difficult (name
servers and/or routers would have to be compromised in addition to
just the key).
.It Cm command="command"
Specifies that the command is executed whenever this key is used for
-authentication. The command supplied by the user (if any) is ignored.
+authentication.
+The command supplied by the user (if any) is ignored.
The command is run on a pty if the connection requests a pty;
-otherwise it is run without a tty. A quote may be included in the
-command by quoting it with a backslash. This option might be useful
-to restrict certain RSA keys to perform just a specific operation. An
-example might be a key that permits remote backups but nothing
-else. Notice that the client may specify TCP/IP and/or X11
+otherwise it is run without a tty.
+A quote may be included in the command by quoting it with a backslash.
+This option might be useful
+to restrict certain RSA keys to perform just a specific operation.
+An example might be a key that permits remote backups but nothing else.
+Notice that the client may specify TCP/IP and/or X11
forwardings unless they are explicitly prohibited.
.It Cm environment="NAME=value"
Specifies that the string is to be added to the environment when
-logging in using this key. Environment variables set this way
-override other default environment values. Multiple options of this
-type are permitted.
+logging in using this key.
+Environment variables set this way
+override other default environment values.
+Multiple options of this type are permitted.
.It Cm no-port-forwarding
Forbids TCP/IP forwarding when this key is used for authentication.
-Any port forward requests by the client will return an error. This
-might be used, e.g., in connection with the
+Any port forward requests by the client will return an error.
+This might be used, e.g., in connection with the
.Cm command
option.
.It Cm no-X11-forwarding
.Pa /etc/ssh_known_hosts
and
.Pa $HOME/.ssh/known_hosts
-files contain host public keys for all known hosts. The global file should
+files contain host public keys for all known hosts.
+The global file should
be prepared by the admistrator (optional), and the per-user file is
maintained automatically: whenever the user connects an unknown host
-its key is added to the per-user file.
+its key is added to the per-user file.
.Pp
Each line in these files contains the following fields: hostnames,
-bits, exponent, modulus, comment. The fields are separated by spaces.
+bits, exponent, modulus, comment.
+The fields are separated by spaces.
.Pp
Hostnames is a comma-separated list of patterns ('*' and '?' act as
wildcards); each pattern in turn is matched against the canonical host
name (when authenticating a client) or against the user-supplied
-name (when authenticating a server). A pattern may also be preceded
-by
+name (when authenticating a server).
+A pattern may also be preceded by
.Ql !
to indicate negation: if the host name matches a negated
pattern, it is not accepted (by that line) even if it matched another
and empty lines are ignored as comments.
.Pp
When performing host authentication, authentication is accepted if any
-matching line has the proper key. It is thus permissible (but not
+matching line has the proper key.
+It is thus permissible (but not
recommended) to have several lines or different host keys for the same
-names. This will inevitably happen when short forms of host names
-from different domains are put in the file. It is possible
+names.
+This will inevitably happen when short forms of host names
+from different domains are put in the file.
+It is possible
that the files contain conflicting information; authentication is
accepted if valid information can be found from either file.
.Pp
.It Pa /etc/ssh_host_key.pub
Contains the public part of the host key.
This file should be world-readable but writable only by
-root. Its contents should match the private part. This file is not
+root.
+Its contents should match the private part.
+This file is not
really used for anything; it is only provided for the convenience of
the user so its contents can be copied to known hosts files.
These two files are created using
.Nm
listening for connections (if there are several daemons running
concurrently for different ports, this contains the pid of the one
-started last). The contents of this file are not sensitive; it can be
-world-readable.
+started last).
+The contents of this file are not sensitive; it can be world-readable.
.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Lists the RSA keys that can be used to log into the user's account.
This file must be readable by root (which may on some machines imply
it being world-readable if the user's home directory resides on an NFS
-volume). It is recommended that it not be accessible by others. The
-format of this file is described above.
+volume).
+It is recommended that it not be accessible by others.
+The format of this file is described above.
.It Pa "/etc/ssh_known_hosts" and "$HOME/.ssh/known_hosts"
These files are consulted when using rhosts with RSA host
-authentication to check the public key of the host. The key must be
-listed in one of these files to be accepted.
+authentication to check the public key of the host.
+The key must be listed in one of these files to be accepted.
The client uses the same files
-to verify that the remote host is the one we intended to
-connect. These files should be writable only by root/the owner.
+to verify that the remote host is the one we intended to connect.
+These files should be writable only by root/the owner.
.Pa /etc/ssh_known_hosts
should be world-readable, and
.Pa $HOME/.ssh/known_hosts
.It Pa /etc/nologin
If this file exists,
.Nm
-refuses to let anyone except root log in. The contents of the file
+refuses to let anyone except root log in.
+The contents of the file
are displayed to anyone trying to log in, and non-root connections are
-refused. The file should be world-readable.
+refused.
+The file should be world-readable.
.It Pa /etc/hosts.allow, /etc/hosts.deny
If compiled with
.Sy LIBWRAP
.Xr hosts_access 5 .
.It Pa $HOME/.rhosts
This file contains host-username pairs, separated by a space, one per
-line. The given user on the corresponding host is permitted to log in
-without password. The same file is used by rlogind and rshd.
+line.
+The given user on the corresponding host is permitted to log in
+without password.
+The same file is used by rlogind and rshd.
The file must
be writable only by the user; it is recommended that it not be
accessible by others.
.Pp
-If is also possible to use netgroups in the file. Either host or user
+If is also possible to use netgroups in the file.
+Either host or user
name may be of the form +@groupname to specify all hosts or all users
in the group.
.It Pa $HOME/.shosts
.Pa /etc/hosts.equiv
This file is used during
.Pa .rhosts
-authentication. In the
-simplest form, this file contains host names, one per line. Users on
+authentication.
+In the simplest form, this file contains host names, one per line.
+Users on
those hosts are permitted to log in without a password, provided they
-have the same user name on both machines. The host name may also be
+have the same user name on both machines.
+The host name may also be
followed by a user name; such users are permitted to log in as
.Em any
-user on this machine (except root). Additionally, the syntax
+user on this machine (except root).
+Additionally, the syntax
.Dq +@group
-can be used to specify netgroups. Negated entries start with
+can be used to specify netgroups.
+Negated entries start with
.Ql \&- .
.Pp
If the client host/user is successfully matched in this file, login is
automatically permitted provided the client and server user names are the
-same. Additionally, successful RSA host authentication is normally
-required. This file must be writable only by root; it is recommended
+same.
+Additionally, successful RSA host authentication is normally required.
+This file must be writable only by root; it is recommended
that it be world-readable.
.Pp
.Sy "Warning: It is almost never a good idea to use user names in"
Beware that it really means that the named user(s) can log in as
.Em anybody ,
which includes bin, daemon, adm, and other accounts that own critical
-binaries and directories. Using a user name practically grants the
-user root access. The only valid use for user names that I can think
+binaries and directories.
+Using a user name practically grants the user root access.
+The only valid use for user names that I can think
of is in negative entries.
.Pp
Note that this warning also applies to rsh/rlogin.
However, this file may be useful in environments that want to run both
rsh/rlogin and ssh.
.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/environment
-This file is read into the environment at login (if it exists). It
-can only contain empty lines, comment lines (that start with
+This file is read into the environment at login (if it exists).
+It can only contain empty lines, comment lines (that start with
.Ql # ) ,
-and assignment lines of the form name=value. The file should be writable
+and assignment lines of the form name=value.
+The file should be writable
only by the user; it need not be readable by anyone else.
.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/rc
If this file exists, it is run with /bin/sh after reading the
-environment files but before starting the user's shell or command. If
-X11 spoofing is in use, this will receive the "proto cookie" pair in
+environment files but before starting the user's shell or command.
+If X11 spoofing is in use, this will receive the "proto cookie" pair in
standard input (and
.Ev DISPLAY
-in environment). This must call
+in environment).
+This must call
.Xr xauth 1
in that case.
.Pp
Like
.Pa $HOME/.ssh/rc .
This can be used to specify
-machine-specific login-time initializations globally. This file
-should be writable only by root, and should be world-readable.
+machine-specific login-time initializations globally.
+This file should be writable only by root, and should be world-readable.
.Sh AUTHOR
OpenSSH
is a derivative of the original (free) ssh 1.2.12 release by Tatu Ylonen,
-but with bugs removed and newer features re-added. Rapidly after the
+but with bugs removed and newer features re-added.
+Rapidly after the
1.2.12 release, newer versions of the original ssh bore successively
more restrictive licenses, and thus demand for a free version was born.
This version of OpenSSH
-.\" $OpenBSD: systat.1,v 1.16 2000/03/11 21:40:03 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: systat.1,v 1.17 2000/03/23 21:10:19 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: systat.1,v 1.6 1996/05/10 23:16:39 thorpej Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993
nice (shown as
.Ql - ) ,
and idle time (shown as
-.Ql \ ) .
+.Ql \ ) .
.Pp
To the right of the Proc display are statistics about
Context switches
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" from: @(#)mk-amd-map.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/28/93
-.\" $Id: mk-amd-map.8,v 1.5 1999/07/02 20:11:47 aaron Exp $
+.\" $Id: mk-amd-map.8,v 1.6 2000/03/23 21:10:21 aaron Exp $
.\"
.Dd June 28, 1993
.Dt MK-AMD-MAP 8
and outputs them to a correspondingly named
hashed database.
.Pp
-The
-.Fl p
-option prints the map on standard output instead of generating
-a database. This is usually used to merge continuation lines
-into one physical line.
+The options are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Fl p
+Print the map on standard output instead of generating a database.
+This is usually used to merge continuation lines into one physical line.
+.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr amd 8
projects / openbsd / commitdiff