o Palestine will fall back 10-29 (not 10-30) at 01:00.
o Fiji suspends DST for the 2021/2022 season.
o Move some backward-compatibility links to 'backward'.
o Rename Pacific/Enderbury to Pacific/Kanton.
-# $OpenBSD: africa,v 1.65 2021/01/24 20:18:50 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: africa,v 1.66 2021/10/22 14:40:49 millert Exp $
# tzdb data for Africa and environs
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
#
-# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
-#
# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Accra # Ghana
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # The Gambia
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
# Gabon
# See Africa/Lagos.
-# Gambia
-# See Africa/Abidjan.
-
+# The Gambia
# Ghana
-
-# From P Chan (2020-11-20):
-# Interpretation Amendment Ordinance, 1915 (No.24 of 1915) [1915-11-02]
-# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1915, p 69-71
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=ErA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA70
-# This Ordinance added "'Time' shall mean Greenwich Mean Time" to the
-# Interpretation Ordinance, 1876.
-#
-# Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919 (No. 18 of 1919) [1919-11-24]
-# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1919, p 75-76
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=MbA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA75
-# This Ordinance removed the previous definition of time and introduced DST.
-#
-# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 214)
-# The Laws of the Gold Coast (including Togoland Under British Mandate)
-# Vol. II (1937), p 2328
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7M-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA2328
-# Revised edition of the 1919 Ordinance.
-#
-# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1940 (No. 9 of 1940) [1940-04-06]
-# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
-# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1940, p 22
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=1ao-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA22
-# This Ordinance changed the forward transition from September to May.
-#
-# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment) Regulations, 1942
-# (Regulations No. 6 of 1942) [1942-01-31, commenced on 1942-02-08]
-# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
-# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 48
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA48
-# These regulations advanced the [standard] time by thirty minutes.
-#
-# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment (No.2)) Regulations,
-# 1942 (Regulations No. 28 of 1942) [1942-04-25]
-# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
-# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 87
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA87
-# These regulations abolished DST and changed the time to GMT+0:30.
-#
-# Defence (Revocation) (No.4) Regulations, 1945 (Regulations No. 45 of
-# 1945) [1945-10-24, commenced on 1946-01-06]
-# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
-# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 256
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA256
-# These regulations revoked the previous two sets of Regulations.
-#
-# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1945 (No. 18 of 1945) [1946-01-06]
-# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
-# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 69
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA69
-# This Ordinance abolished DST.
-#
-# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1950 (No. 26 of 1950) [1950-07-22]
-# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
-# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1950, p 35
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=e60-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA35
-# This Ordinance restored DST but with thirty minutes offset.
-#
-# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 264)
-# The Laws of the Gold Coast, Vol. V (1954), p 380
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=Mqc-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA380
-# Revised edition of the Time Determination Ordinance.
-#
-# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1956 (No. 21 of 1956) [1956-08-29]
-# Annual Volume of the Ordinances of the Gold Coast Enacted During the
-# Year 1956, p 83
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=VLE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83
-# This Ordinance abolished DST.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020
-Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT
-Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020
-Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020
-Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030
-Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT
-
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2
- 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8
- 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6
- 0:00 Ghana %s
-
# Guinea
# See Africa/Abidjan.
# See Africa/Nairobi.
# Morocco
-# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
+# See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco.
# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1
0:30 - +0030 1919 Sep 1
1:00 - WAT
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
# Réunion
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
4:00 - +04
#
-# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
-#
# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
# The following information about them is taken from
# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
2:00 SA SAST
-Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
-Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Eswatini
+Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
+Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Eswatini
#
# Marion and Prince Edward Is
# scientific station since 1947
3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1
2:00 - CAT
+# South Sudan
+
# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18):
# "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1
# hour on February 1, 2021...."
# from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/
-# South Sudan
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931
2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions.
+# See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
-# $OpenBSD: antarctica,v 1.42 2020/10/07 22:33:31 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: antarctica,v 1.43 2021/10/22 14:40:49 millert Exp $
# tzdb data for Antarctica and environs
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
#
# Alfred Faure, Possession Island, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964;
# sealing & whaling stations operated variously 1802/1911+;
-# see Indian/Reunion.
+# see Asia/Dubai.
#
# Martin-de-Viviès, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
# Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
5:00 - +05
#
# year-round base in the main continent
-# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
-# <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05)
-#
-# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
-# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
-#
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947
- 10:00 - +10 1952 Jan 14
- 0 - -00 1956 Nov
- 10:00 - +10
+# Dumont d'Urville - see Pacific/Port_Moresby.
# France & Italy - year-round base
# Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005
# Zuchelli, Terra Nova Bay, -744140+1640647, since 1986
# Japan - year-round bases
-# Syowa (also known as Showa), -690022+0393524, since 1957
-#
-# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
-# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
-#
-# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
-# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
-# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29
- 3:00 - +03
-# See:
-# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
-# http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html
+# See Asia/Riyadh.
# S Korea - year-round base
# Jang Bogo, Terra Nova Bay, -743700+1641205 since 2014
-# $OpenBSD: asia,v 1.95 2021/09/24 15:02:07 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: asia,v 1.96 2021/10/22 14:40:49 millert Exp $
# tzdb data for Asia and environs
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
#
-# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
-#
# The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables
# (corrections are welcome):
# std dst
#
# peninsular Malaysia
# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
-# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
+# https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html
+# This agrees with Singapore since 1905-06-01.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
# shall [end] on Oct 24th 2020 at 01:00AM by delaying the clock by 60 minutes.
# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/Meeting/Details/51584
-# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-20):
-# Predict future fall transitions at 01:00 on the Saturday preceding October's
-# last Sunday (i.e., Sat>=24). This is consistent with our predictions since
-# 2016, although the time of the change differed slightly in 2019.
-
# From Pierre Cashon (2020-10-20):
# The summer time this year started on March 28 at 00:00.
# https://wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=GveQNZa872839351758aGveQNZ
# For now, guess spring-ahead transitions are at 00:00 on the Saturday
# preceding March's last Sunday (i.e., Sat>=24).
+# From P Chan (2021-10-18):
+# http://wafa.ps/Pages/Details/34701
+# Palestine winter time will start from midnight 2021-10-29 (Thursday-Friday).
+#
+# From Heba Hemad, Palestine Ministry of Telecom & IT (2021-10-20):
+# ... winter time will begin in Palestine from Friday 10-29, 01:00 AM
+# by 60 minutes backwards.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2021-10-20):
+# Guess future fall transitions on October's last Friday at 01:00.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Palestine 2019 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Palestine 2019 only - Oct Sat>=24 0:00 0 -
Rule Palestine 2020 max - Mar Sat>=24 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2020 max - Oct Sat>=24 1:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2020 only - Oct 24 1:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2021 max - Oct lastFri 1:00 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
# influence of the sources. There is no current abbreviation for DST,
# so use "PDT", the usual American style.
+# From P Chan (2021-05-10):
+# Here's a fairly comprehensive article in Japanese:
+# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/Philippine%20Time
+# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-10):
+# The info in the Japanese table has not been absorbed (yet) below.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
3:00 - +03
+Link Asia/Riyadh Antarctica/Syowa
Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
# Singapore
# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
-# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
+# https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
-# $OpenBSD: australasia,v 1.71 2021/09/23 21:37:34 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: australasia,v 1.72 2021/10/22 14:40:49 millert Exp $
# tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# "Minister for Employment, Parveen Bala says they had never thought of
# stopping daylight saving. He says it was just to decide on when it should
# start and end. Bala says it is a short period..."
-# Since the end date is still in line with our ongoing predictions, assume for
-# now that the later-than-usual start date is a one-time departure from the
-# recent second Sunday in November pattern.
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2021-10-11), per Jashneel Kumar (2021-10-11) and P Chan
+# (2021-10-12):
+# https://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Centre/Speeches/English/PM-BAINIMARAMA-S-COVID-19-ANNOUNCEMENT-10-10-21
+# https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/covid-19/curfew-moved-back-to-11pm/
+# In a 2021-10-10 speech concerning updated Covid-19 mitigation measures in
+# Fiji, prime minister Josaia Voreqe "Frank" Bainimarama announced the
+# suspension of DST for the 2021/2022 season: "Given that we are in the process
+# of readjusting in the midst of so many changes, we will also put Daylight
+# Savings Time on hold for this year. It will also make the reopening of
+# scheduled commercial air service much smoother if we don't have to be
+# concerned shifting arrival and departure times, which may look like a simple
+# thing but requires some significant logistical adjustments domestically and
+# internationally."
+# Assume for now that DST will resume with the recent pre-2020 rules for the
+# 2022/2023 season.
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
Rule Fiji 2014 2018 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 -
+Rule Fiji 2015 2021 - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 -
Rule Fiji 2019 only - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 -
Rule Fiji 2020 only - Dec 20 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule Fiji 2021 max - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule Fiji 2022 max - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule Fiji 2023 max - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
12:00 Fiji +12/+13
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
12:00 - +12
-Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
+Zone Pacific/Kanton 0 - -00 1937 Aug 31
-12:00 - -12 1979 Oct
-11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31
13:00 - +13
# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
# Cook Is
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
+#
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2021-03-24):
+# In 1899 the Cook Islands celebrated Christmas twice to correct the calendar.
+# According to the old books, missionaries were unaware of
+# the International Date line, when they came from Sydney.
+# Thus the Cook Islands were one day ahead....
+# http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-KloDisc-t1-body-d18.html
+# ... Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1900
+# https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1900-I.2.1.2.3
+# (page 20)
+#
+# From Michael Deckers (2021-03-24):
+# ... in the Cook Island Act of 1915-10-11, online at
+# http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/ck-nz_act/cia1915132/
+# "651. The hour of the day shall in each of the islands included in the
+# Cook Islands be determined in accordance with the meridian of that island."
+# so that local (mean?) time was still used in Rarotonga (and Niue) in 1915.
+# This was changed in the Cook Island Amendment Act of 1952-10-16 ...
+# http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/ck-nz_act/ciaa1952212/
+# "651 (1) The hour of the day in each of the islands included in the Cook
+# Islands, other than Niue, shall be determined as if each island were
+# situated on the meridian one hundred and fifty-seven degrees thirty minutes
+# West of Greenwich. (2) The hour of the day in the Island of Niue shall be
+# determined as if that island were situated on the meridian one hundred and
+# seventy degrees West of Greenwich."
+# This act does not state when it takes effect, so one has to assume it
+# applies since 1952-10-16. But there is the possibility that the act just
+# legalized prior existing practice, as we had seen with the Guernsey law of
+# 1913-06-18 for the switch in 1909-04-19.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2021-03-24):
+# Transitions after 1952 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 -
Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
+Zone Pacific/Rarotonga 13:20:56 - LMT 1899 Dec 26 # Avarua
+ -10:39:04 - LMT 1952 Oct 16
-10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12
-10:00 Cook -10/-0930
# Niue
+# See Pacific/Raratonga comments for 1952 transition.
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2021-09-13):
+# Consecutive contemporaneous editions of The Air Almanac listed -11:20 for
+# Niue as of Apr 1964 but -11 as of Aug 1964:
+# Apr 1964: https://books.google.com/books?id=_1So677Y5vUC&pg=SL1-PA23
+# Aug 1964: https://books.google.com/books?id=MbJloqd-zyUC&pg=SL1-PA23
+# Without greater specificity, guess 1964-07-01 for this transition.
+
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
- -11:20 - -1120 1951
- -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1
+Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1952 Oct 16 # Alofi
+ -11:20 - -1120 1964 Jul
-11:00 - -11
# Norfolk
Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
10:00 - +10
+Link Pacific/Port_Moresby Antarctica/DumontDUrville
#
# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
- 12:20 - +1220 1941
+Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:12 - LMT 1945 Sep 10
+ 12:20 - +1220 1961
13:00 - +13 1999
13:00 Tonga +13/+14
# One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All:
# The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007).
+# Kanton
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-27):
+# Kiribati's +13 timezone is represented by Kanton, its only populated
+# island. (It was formerly spelled "Canton", but Gilbertese lacks "C".)
+# Kanton was settled on 1937-08-31 by two British radio operators
+# <https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1937v02/d94>;
+# Americans came the next year and built an airfield, partly to
+# establish airline service and perhaps partly anticipating the
+# next war. Aside from the war, the airfield was used by commercial
+# airlines until long-range jets became standard; although currently
+# for emergency use only, China says it is considering rebuilding the
+# airfield for high-end niche tourism. Kanton has about two dozen
+# people, caretakers who rotate in from the rest of Kiribati in 2-5
+# year shifts, and who use some of the leftover structures
+# <http://pipa.neaq.org/2012/06/images-of-kanton-island.html>.
+
# Kwajalein
# From an AP article (1993-08-22):
# Tonga
+# From Paul Eggert (2021-03-04):
+# In 1943 "The standard time kept is 12 hrs. 19 min. 12 sec. fast
+# on Greenwich mean time." according to the Admiralty's Hydrographic
+# Dept., Pacific Islands Pilot, Vol. II, 7th ed., 1943, p 360.
+
+# From Michael Deckers (2021-03-03):
+# [Ian R Bartky: "One Time Fits All: The Campaigns for Global Uniformity".
+# Stanford University Press. 2007. p. 255]:
+# On 10 September 1945 Tonga adopted a standard time 12 hours,
+# 20 minutes in advance of Greenwich.
+
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
# to say your prayers in the morning."
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2021-09-13), per Paul Eggert (2006-03-22) and Michael
+# Deckers (2021-03-03):
+# Mundell places the transition from +12:20 to +13 in 1941, while Shanks &
+# Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01.
+#
+# The Air Almanac published contemporaneous tables of standard times,
+# which listed +12:20 as of Nov 1960 and +13 as of Mar 1961:
+# Nov 1960: https://books.google.com/books?id=bVgtWM6kPZUC&pg=SL1-PA19
+# Mar 1961: https://books.google.com/books?id=W2nItAul4g0C&pg=SL1-PA19
+# (Thanks to P Chan for pointing us toward these sources.)
+# This agrees with Bartky, who writes that "since 1961 [Tonga's] official time
+# has been thirteen hours in advance of Greenwich time" (p. 202) and further
+# writes in an endnote that this was because "the legislation was amended" on
+# 1960-10-19. (p. 255)
+#
+# Without greater specificity, presume that Bartky and the Air Almanac point to
+# a 1961-01-01 transition, as Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV was still Crown Prince in
+# 1961 and this still jives with the gist of Mundell's telling, and go with
+# this over Shanks & Pottenger.
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
-# $OpenBSD: backward,v 1.38 2020/12/23 13:06:27 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: backward,v 1.39 2021/10/22 14:40:49 millert Exp $
# tzdb links for backward compatibility
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-# This file provides links between current names for timezones
-# and their old names. Many names changed in late 1993.
+# This file provides links from old or merged timezone names to current ones.
+# Many names changed in late 1993. Several of these names are
+# also present in the file 'backzone', which has data important only
+# for pre-1970 timestamps and so is out of scope for tzdb proper.
# Link TARGET LINK-NAME
Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmera
Link America/Adak America/Atka
Link America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires America/Buenos_Aires
Link America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Catamarca
-Link America/Atikokan America/Coral_Harbour
+Link America/Panama America/Coral_Harbour
Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Cordoba
Link America/Tijuana America/Ensenada
Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Fort_Wayne
Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Rosario
Link America/Tijuana America/Santa_Isabel
Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Virgin
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Virgin
Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/South_Pole
Link Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad
Link Asia/Kolkata Asia/Calcutta
Link Pacific/Chatham NZ-CHAT
Link America/Denver Navajo
Link Asia/Shanghai PRC
+Link Pacific/Kanton Pacific/Enderbury
Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape
Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Samoa
-# $OpenBSD: europe,v 1.81 2020/12/23 13:06:27 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: europe,v 1.82 2021/10/22 14:40:49 millert Exp $
# tzdb data for Europe and environs
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
-# 0:19:32.13 AMT* NST* Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)
# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
# 1:00 IST GMT Irish Standard (1968-) with winter DST
# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV,
# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
-# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-22):
+# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-22):
# In 1946 the end of DST was on Monday, 7 October 1946, at 3:00 am.
# Shanks had this right. Source: Die Weltpresse, 5. Oktober 1946, page 5.
# advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ...
# Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed.
#
-# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-02):
+# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-02):
# I spent 6 Euros to buy two archive copies of Il Messaggero, a Roman paper,
# for 1 and 2 April 1944. The edition of 2 April has this note: "Tonight at 2
# am, put forward the clock by one hour. Remember that in the night between
# today and Monday the 'ora legale' will come in force again." That makes it
# clear that in Rome the change was on Monday, 3 April 1944 at 2 am.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27):
+# From Paul Eggert (2021-10-05):
# Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944
# for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini.
# Model Rome's occupation by using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
# to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it
-# was effectively controlled by Germany.
+# was effectively controlled by Germany. Using C-Eur is consistent
+# with Treindl's comment about Rome in April 1944, as the "Rule Italy"
+# lines during German occupation do not affect Europe/Rome
+# (though they do affect Europe/Malta).
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
+# Kosovo
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
+
+
Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
+# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09):
+# I invented the abbreviations AMT for Amsterdam Mean Time and NST for
+# Netherlands Summer Time, used in the Netherlands from 1835 to 1937.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
+# Whitman says DST was not observed in 1950; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Port 1947 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1947 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
# Although Shanks lists 1945-01-01 as the date for transition from
# +01/+02 to +02/+03, more likely this is a placeholder. Guess that
# the transition occurred at 1945-04-10 00:00, which is about when
-# Königsberg surrendered to Soviet troops. (Thanks to Alois Triendl.)
+# Königsberg surrendered to Soviet troops. (Thanks to Alois Treindl.)
# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
#
# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
+# An extra-special abbreviation style is SET for Swedish Time (svensk
+# normaltid) 1879-1899, 3° west of the Stockholm Observatory.
+
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
-# $OpenBSD: leapseconds,v 1.44 2021/01/24 20:18:50 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: leapseconds,v 1.45 2021/10/22 14:40:49 millert Exp $
# Allowance for leap seconds added to each time zone file.
# This file is in the public domain.
# Any additional leap seconds will come after this.
# This Expires line is commented out for now,
# so that pre-2020a zic implementations do not reject this file.
-#Expires 2021 Dec 28 00:00:00
+#Expires 2022 Jun 28 00:00:00
# POSIX timestamps for the data in this file:
#updated 1467936000 (2016-07-08 00:00:00 UTC)
-#expires 1640649600 (2021-12-28 00:00:00 UTC)
+#expires 1656374400 (2022-06-28 00:00:00 UTC)
-# Updated through IERS Bulletin C61
-# File expires on: 28 December 2021
+# Updated through IERS Bulletin C62
+# File expires on: 28 June 2022
-# $OpenBSD: northamerica,v 1.77 2020/12/23 13:06:28 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: northamerica,v 1.78 2021/10/22 14:40:49 millert Exp $
# tzdb data for North and Central America and environs
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
-10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Nov 30
-10:00 US H%sT
-# The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
+# The following switches don't make our 1970 cutoff.
+#
+# Kiska observed Tokyo date and time during Japanese occupation from
+# 1942-06-06 to 1943-07-29, and similarly for Attu from 1942-06-07 to
+# 1943-05-29 (all dates American). Both islands are now uninhabited.
#
# Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
# switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
-7:00 - MST 1967
-7:00 US M%sT 1968 Mar 21
-7:00 - MST
+Link America/Phoenix America/Creston
+
# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
# A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
# notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
-5:00 US E%sT
#
# Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
-# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-09):
+# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-09):
# The Indianapolis News, Friday 27 October 1967 states that Perry County
# returned to CST. It went again to EST on 27 April 1969, as documented by the
# Indianapolis star of Saturday 26 April.
# From Paul Eggert (2020-01-10):
# See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal.
# See America/Halifax for the Îles de la Madeleine and the Listuguj reserve.
-#
-# Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
-# meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
-# Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
-# The Quebec department of justice writes in
-# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
-# https://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/en/department/ministre/functions-and-responsabilities/legal-time-in-quebec/the-situation-in-minganie-and-basse-cote-nord/
-# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
-# observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
-# This common practice was codified into law as of 2007; see Legal Time Act,
-# CQLR c T-5.1 <http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/ShowDoc/cs/T-5.1>.
-# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
-# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
-
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884
- -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970
- -4:00 - AST
+# See America/Puerto_Rico for east of Natashquan.
# Ontario
# time became a comic failure in Orillia. Toronto Star 2017-07-08.
# https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2017/07/08/bold-attempt-at-daylight-saving-time-became-a-comic-failure-in-orillia.html
-# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
-# Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
-# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
-# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
-# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
-# http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
-# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
-# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
-# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
-# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
-# New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
-# CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
-# violation of the official Ontario rules.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
-# Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
-# 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
-#
-# The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
-# This means they spend about half the time on central time and
-# the other half on eastern time.
-#
-# For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
-#
-# "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
-# Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
-# said. "I don't see any changes happening here."
-#
-# Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
-# [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
-
-# From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
-# I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
-# and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
-# can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
-# time keeping since 1952, at least.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
-# ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
-# McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan
-# switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
-# ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
-# entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
-# America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
-
# From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
#
# Currently the database has:
-5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
-5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974
-5:00 Canada E%sT
+Link America/Toronto America/Nassau
Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895
-6:00 - CST 1910
-5:00 - EST 1942
-6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
-6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
-6:00 Canada C%sT
-Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895
- -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
- -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
- -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
- -5:00 - EST
+# For Atikokan see America/Panama.
# Manitoba
# Alberta
-# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-19):
+# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-19):
# There was no DST in Alberta in 1967... Calgary Herald, 29 April 1967.
# 1969, no DST, from Edmonton Journal 18 April 1969
#
# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
# been like Vancouver.
# Dawson Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
-# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
-
-# It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
-
-# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
-# There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
-# that do not currently observe daylight saving:
-# a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
-# b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
-# (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
-
-# Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
-# keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
-# manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
-# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
-# According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
-# i.e. Creston has been stuck on UT-7 for 93 years.
-# Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
-
-# Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
-# unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months
-# ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just
-# as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing
-# the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
-# subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
-# http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
-
-# Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
-# 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
-# Exact date unknown
-# 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
-# Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
-# 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
-# Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
-# note 1:
-# On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
-# Creston did not change its clocks.
-# note 2:
-# During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
-# Creston did not oblige.
-# note 3:
-# There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
-# (UTC-7) forever.
-# The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
-# http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
-
-# During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
-# In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
-# summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
-# the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
-# period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
-# (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
-
-# The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
# From Matt Johnson (2015-09-21):
# Fort Nelson, BC, Canada will cancel DST this year. So while previously they
#
# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25):
# Shanks says Fort Nelson did not observe DST in 1946, unlike Vancouver.
-# Alois Triendl confirmed this on 07-22, citing the 1946-04-27 Vancouver Daily
+# Alois Treindl confirmed this on 07-22, citing the 1946-04-27 Vancouver Daily
# Province. He also cited the 1946-09-28 Victoria Daily Times, which said
# that Vancouver, Victoria, etc. "change at midnight Saturday"; for now,
# guess they meant 02:00 Sunday since 02:00 was common practice in Vancouver.
-8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987
-8:00 Canada P%sT 2015 Mar 8 2:00
-7:00 - MST
-Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
- -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1
- -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2
- -7:00 - MST
+# For Creston see America/Phoenix.
# Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
# Anguilla
# Antigua and Barbuda
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+# See America/Puerto_Rico.
-# Bahamas
-#
-# For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
-#
-# From P Chan (2020-11-27, corrected on 2020-12-02):
-# There were two periods of DST observed in 1942-1945: 1942-05-01
-# midnight to 1944-12-31 midnight and 1945-02-01 to 1945-10-17 midnight.
-# "midnight" should mean 24:00 from the context.
-#
-# War Time Order 1942 [1942-05-01] and War Time (No. 2) Order 1942 [1942-09-29]
-# Appendix to the Statutes of 7 George VI. and the Year 1942. p 34, 43
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA34
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA43
-#
-# War Time Order 1943 [1943-03-31] and War Time Order 1944 [1943-12-29]
-# Appendix to the Statutes of 8 George VI. and the Year 1943. p 9-10, 28-29
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA9
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA28
-#
-# War Time Order 1945 [1945-01-31] and the Order which revoke War Time Order
-# 1945 [1945-10-16] Appendix to the Statutes of 9 George VI. and the Year
-# 1945. p 160, 247-248
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA160
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA247
-#
-# From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
-# The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
-# rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
-# http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
+# The Bahamas
+# See America/Toronto.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Bahamas 1942 only - May 1 24:00 1:00 W
-Rule Bahamas 1944 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 S
-Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Feb 1 0:00 1:00 W
-Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
-Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Oct 17 24:00 0 S
-Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
- -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976
- -5:00 US E%sT
# Barbados
# For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
+# From P Chan (2020-12-09 and 2020-12-11):
+# Standard time of GMT-4 was adopted in 1911.
+# Definition of Time Act, 1911 (1911-7) [1911-08-28]
+# 1912, Laws of Barbados (5 v.), OCLC Number: 919801291, Vol. 4, Image No. 522
+# 1944, Laws of Barbados (5 v.), OCLC Number: 84548697, Vol. 4, Image No. 122
+# http://llmc.com/browse.aspx?type=2&coll=85&div=297
+#
+# DST was observed in 1942-44.
+# Defence (Daylight Saving) Regulations, 1942, 1942-04-13
+# Defence (Daylight Saving) (Repeal) Regulations, 1942, 1942-08-22
+# Defence (Daylight Saving) Regulations, 1943, 1943-04-16
+# Defence (Daylight Saving) (Repeal) Regulations, 1943, 1943-09-01
+# Defence (Daylight Saving) Regulations, 1944, 1944-03-21
+# [Defence (Daylight Saving) (Amendment) Regulations 1944, 1944-03-28]
+# Defence (Daylight Saving) (Repeal) Regulations, 1944, 1944-08-30
+#
+# 1914-, Subsidiary Legis., Annual Vols. OCLC Number: 226290591
+# 1942: Image Nos. 527-528, 555-556
+# 1943: Image Nos. 178-179, 198
+# 1944: Image Nos. 113-115, 129
+# http://llmc.com/titledescfull.aspx?type=2&coll=85&div=297&set=98437
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2021-02-20):
+# The transitions below are derived from P Chan's sources, except that the 1977
+# through 1980 transitions are from Shanks & Pottenger since we have no better
+# data there. Of particular note, the 1944 DST regulation only advanced the
+# time to "exactly three and a half hours later than Greenwich mean time", as
+# opposed to "three hours" in the 1942 and 1943 regulations.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Barb 1942 only - Apr 19 5:00u 1:00 D
+Rule Barb 1942 only - Aug 31 6:00u 0 S
+Rule Barb 1943 only - May 2 5:00u 1:00 D
+Rule Barb 1943 only - Sep 5 6:00u 0 S
+Rule Barb 1944 only - Apr 10 5:00u 0:30 -
+Rule Barb 1944 only - Sep 10 6:00u 0 S
Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
- -3:58:29 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
+Zone America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1911 Aug 28 # Bridgetown
+ -4:00 Barb A%sT 1944
+ -4:00 Barb AST/-0330 1945
-4:00 Barb A%sT
# Belize
-4:00 Canada A%sT 1976
-4:00 US A%sT
+# Caribbean Netherlands
+# See America/Puerto_Rico.
+
# Cayman Is
# See America/Panama.
-5:00 Cuba C%sT
# Dominica
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+# See America/Puerto_Rico.
# Dominican Republic
# Guadeloupe
# St Barthélemy
# St Martin (French part)
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+# See America/Puerto_Rico.
# Guatemala
#
-4:00 - AST
# Montserrat
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+# See America/Puerto_Rico.
# Nicaragua
#
Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890
-5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
-5:00 - EST
+Link America/Panama America/Atikokan
Link America/Panama America/Cayman
# Puerto Rico
-4:00 - AST 1942 May 3
-4:00 US A%sT 1946
-4:00 - AST
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Anguilla
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Antigua
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Aruba
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Curacao
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Blanc-Sablon # Quebec (Lower North Shore)
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Dominica
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Grenada
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Guadeloupe
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Kralendijk # Caribbean Netherlands
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Lower_Princes # Sint Maarten
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Marigot # St Martin (French part)
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Montserrat
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Port_of_Spain # Trinidad & Tobago
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Barthelemy # St Barthélemy
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Kitts # St Kitts & Nevis
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Lucia
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Thomas # Virgin Islands (US)
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Vincent
+Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Tortola # Virgin Islands (UK)
# St Kitts-Nevis
# St Lucia
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+# See America/Puerto_Rico.
# St Pierre and Miquelon
# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
-3:00 Canada -03/-02
# St Vincent and the Grenadines
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+# See America/Puerto_Rico.
+
+# Sint Maarten
+# See America/Puerto_Rico.
# Turks and Caicos
#
-5:00 US E%sT
# British Virgin Is
-# Virgin Is
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+# US Virgin Is
+# See America/Puerto_Rico.
# Local Variables:
-# $OpenBSD: southamerica,v 1.71 2020/10/07 22:33:32 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: southamerica,v 1.72 2021/10/22 14:40:49 millert Exp $
# tzdb data for South America and environs
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-3:00 - -03
# Aruba
-Link America/Curacao America/Aruba
+# See America/Puerto_Rico.
# Bolivia
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# no information; probably like America/Bogota
# Curaçao
-
-# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
-# -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
-# Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
-# 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say
-# Saba Island has been like Curaçao.
-# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
-#
-# By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become
-# associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
-# Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
-# Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones
-# though, as far as we know.
+# See America/Puerto_Rico.
#
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
- -4:30 - -0430 1965
- -4:00 - AST
-
# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
# use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
# The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen characters
-# and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
-
-Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes # Sint Maarten
-Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk # Caribbean Netherlands
+# and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes"....
+# From Paul Eggert (2021-09-29):
+# These backward-compatibility links now are in the 'northamerica' file.
# Ecuador
#
-3:00 - -03
# Guyana
+
+# From P Chan (2020-11-27):
+# https://books.google.com/books?id=5-5CAQAAMAAJ&pg=SA1-PA547
+# The Official Gazette of British Guiana. (New Series.) Vol. XL. July to
+# December, 1915, p 1547, lists as several notes:
+# "Local Mean Time 3 hours 52 mins. 39 secs. slow of Greenwich Mean Time
+# (Georgetown.) From 1st August, 1911, British Guiana Standard Mean Time 4
+# hours slow of Greenwich Mean Time, by notice in Official Gazette on 1st July,
+# 1911. From 1st March, 1915, British Guiana Standard Mean Time 3 hours 45
+# mins. 0 secs. slow of Greenwich Mean Time, by notice in Official Gazette on
+# 23rd January, 1915."
+#
+# https://parliament.gov.gy/documents/acts/10923-act_no._27_of_1975_-_interpretation_and_general_clauses_(amendment)_act_1975.pdf
+# Interpretation and general clauses (Amendment) Act 1975 (Act No. 27 of 1975)
+# [dated 1975-07-31]
+# "This Act...shall come into operation on 1st August, 1975."
+# "...where any expression of time occurs...the time referred to shall signify
+# the standard time of Guyana which shall be three hours behind Greenwich Mean
+# Time."
+#
+# Circular No. 10/1992 dated 1992-03-20
+# https://dps.gov.gy/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/1992-03-20-Circular-010.pdf
+# "...cabinet has decided that with effect from Sunday 29th March, 1992, Guyana
+# Standard Time would be re-established at 01:00 hours by adjusting the hands
+# of the clock back to 24:00 hours."
+# Legislated in the Interpretation and general clauses (Amendment) Act 1992
+# (Act No. 6 of 1992) [passed 1992-03-27, published 1992-04-18]
+# https://parliament.gov.gy/documents/acts/5885-6_of_1992_interpretation_and_general_clauses_(amendment)_act_1992.pdf
+
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Guyana -3:52:40 - LMT 1915 Mar # Georgetown
- -3:45 - -0345 1975 Jul 31
- -3:00 - -03 1991
-# IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00. Assume a 1991 switch.
+Zone America/Guyana -3:52:39 - LMT 1911 Aug 1 # Georgetown
+ -4:00 - -04 1915 Mar 1
+ -3:45 - -0345 1975 Aug 1
+ -3:00 - -03 1992 Mar 29 1:00
-4:00 - -04
# Paraguay
-3:00 - -03
# Trinidad and Tobago
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# These all agree with Trinidad and Tobago since 1970.
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Anguilla
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Antigua
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Dominica
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Grenada
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Guadeloupe
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot # St Martin (French part)
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Montserrat
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy # St Barthélemy
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts # St Kitts & Nevis
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Lucia
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas # Virgin Islands (US)
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Vincent
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Tortola # Virgin Islands (UK)
+# See America/Puerto_Rico.
# Uruguay
# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
-# $OpenBSD: zone.tab,v 1.69 2020/12/23 13:06:28 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: zone.tab,v 1.70 2021/10/22 14:40:49 millert Exp $
# tzdb timezone descriptions (deprecated version)
#
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-27):
+# From Paul Eggert (2021-09-20):
# This file is intended as a backward-compatibility aid for older programs.
# New programs should use zone1970.tab. This file is like zone1970.tab (see
# zone1970.tab's comments), but with the following additional restrictions:
# clocks have agreed since 1970; this is a narrower definition than
# that of zone1970.tab.
#
+# Unlike zone1970.tab, a row's third column can be a Link from
+# 'backward' instead of a Zone.
+#
# This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select timezones
# appropriate for their practical needs. It is not intended to take or
# endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
KG +4254+07436 Asia/Bishkek
KH +1133+10455 Asia/Phnom_Penh
KI +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilbert Islands
-KI -0308-17105 Pacific/Enderbury Phoenix Islands
+KI -0247-17143 Pacific/Kanton Phoenix Islands
KI +0152-15720 Pacific/Kiritimati Line Islands
KM -1141+04316 Indian/Comoro
KN +1718-06243 America/St_Kitts
TL -0833+12535 Asia/Dili
TM +3757+05823 Asia/Ashgabat
TN +3648+01011 Africa/Tunis
-TO -2110-17510 Pacific/Tongatapu
+TO -210800-1751200 Pacific/Tongatapu
TR +4101+02858 Europe/Istanbul
TT +1039-06131 America/Port_of_Spain
TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti
AM +4011+04430 Asia/Yerevan
AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey
AQ -6835+07758 Antarctica/Davis Davis
-AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville
AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson
AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer
AQ -6734-06808 Antarctica/Rothera Rothera
-AQ -690022+0393524 Antarctica/Syowa Syowa
AQ -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll
AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok
AR -3436-05827 America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus Amazonas (east)
BR -0640-06952 America/Eirunepe Amazonas (west)
BR -0958-06748 America/Rio_Branco Acre
-BS +2505-07721 America/Nassau
BT +2728+08939 Asia/Thimphu
BY +5354+02734 Europe/Minsk
BZ +1730-08812 America/Belize
CA +4612-05957 America/Glace_Bay Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton)
CA +4606-06447 America/Moncton Atlantic - New Brunswick
CA +5320-06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlantic - Labrador (most areas)
-CA +5125-05707 America/Blanc-Sablon AST - QC (Lower North Shore)
-CA +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern - ON, QC (most areas)
+CA,BS +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern - ON, QC (most areas), Bahamas
CA +4901-08816 America/Nipigon Eastern - ON, QC (no DST 1967-73)
CA +4823-08915 America/Thunder_Bay Eastern - ON (Thunder Bay)
CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern - NU (most east areas)
CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Eastern - NU (Pangnirtung)
-CA +484531-0913718 America/Atikokan EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H)
CA +4953-09709 America/Winnipeg Central - ON (west); Manitoba
CA +4843-09434 America/Rainy_River Central - ON (Rainy R, Ft Frances)
CA +744144-0944945 America/Resolute Central - NU (Resolute)
CA +690650-1050310 America/Cambridge_Bay Mountain - NU (west)
CA +6227-11421 America/Yellowknife Mountain - NT (central)
CA +682059-1334300 America/Inuvik Mountain - NT (west)
-CA +4906-11631 America/Creston MST - BC (Creston)
CA +5946-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
CA +5848-12242 America/Fort_Nelson MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse MST - Yukon (east)
CA +4916-12307 America/Vancouver Pacific - BC (most areas)
CC -1210+09655 Indian/Cocos
CH,DE,LI +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich Swiss time
-CI,BF,GM,GN,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,TG +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan
+CI,BF,GH,GM,GN,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,TG +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan
CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga
CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago Chile (most areas)
CL -5309-07055 America/Punta_Arenas Region of Magallanes
CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica
CU +2308-08222 America/Havana
CV +1455-02331 Atlantic/Cape_Verde
-CW,AW,BQ,SX +1211-06900 America/Curacao
CX -1025+10543 Indian/Christmas
CY +3510+03322 Asia/Nicosia Cyprus (most areas)
CY +3507+03357 Asia/Famagusta Northern Cyprus
GB,GG,IM,JE +513030-0000731 Europe/London
GE +4143+04449 Asia/Tbilisi
GF +0456-05220 America/Cayenne
-GH +0533-00013 Africa/Accra
GI +3608-00521 Europe/Gibraltar
GL +6411-05144 America/Nuuk Greenland (most areas)
GL +7646-01840 America/Danmarkshavn National Park (east coast)
KE,DJ,ER,ET,KM,MG,SO,TZ,UG,YT -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi
KG +4254+07436 Asia/Bishkek
KI +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilbert Islands
-KI -0308-17105 Pacific/Enderbury Phoenix Islands
+KI -0247-17143 Pacific/Kanton Phoenix Islands
KI +0152-15720 Pacific/Kiritimati Line Islands
KP +3901+12545 Asia/Pyongyang
KR +3733+12658 Asia/Seoul
NU -1901-16955 Pacific/Niue
NZ,AQ -3652+17446 Pacific/Auckland New Zealand time
NZ -4357-17633 Pacific/Chatham Chatham Islands
-PA,KY +0858-07932 America/Panama
+PA,CA,KY +0858-07932 America/Panama EST - Panama, Cayman, ON (Atikokan), NU (Coral H)
PE -1203-07703 America/Lima
PF -1732-14934 Pacific/Tahiti Society Islands
PF -0900-13930 Pacific/Marquesas Marquesas Islands
PF -2308-13457 Pacific/Gambier Gambier Islands
-PG -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby Papua New Guinea (most areas)
+PG,AQ -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby Papua New Guinea (most areas), Dumont d'Urville
PG -0613+15534 Pacific/Bougainville Bougainville
PH +1435+12100 Asia/Manila
PK +2452+06703 Asia/Karachi
PL +5215+02100 Europe/Warsaw
PM +4703-05620 America/Miquelon
PN -2504-13005 Pacific/Pitcairn
-PR +182806-0660622 America/Puerto_Rico
+PR,AG,CA,AI,AW,BL,BQ,CW,DM,GD,GP,KN,LC,MF,MS,SX,TT,VC,VG,VI +182806-0660622 America/Puerto_Rico AST
PS +3130+03428 Asia/Gaza Gaza Strip
PS +313200+0350542 Asia/Hebron West Bank
PT +3843-00908 Europe/Lisbon Portugal (mainland)
RU +6728+15343 Asia/Srednekolymsk MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is
RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka MSK+09 - Kamchatka
RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr MSK+09 - Bering Sea
-SA,KW,YE +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh
+SA,AQ,KW,YE +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh Arabia, Syowa
SB -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal
SC -0440+05528 Indian/Mahe
SD +1536+03232 Africa/Khartoum
SE +5920+01803 Europe/Stockholm
-SG +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore
+SG,MY +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore Singapore, peninsular Malaysia
SR +0550-05510 America/Paramaribo
SS +0451+03137 Africa/Juba
ST +0020+00644 Africa/Sao_Tome
TL -0833+12535 Asia/Dili
TM +3757+05823 Asia/Ashgabat
TN +3648+01011 Africa/Tunis
-TO -2110-17510 Pacific/Tongatapu
+TO -210800-1751200 Pacific/Tongatapu
TR +4101+02858 Europe/Istanbul
-TT,AG,AI,BL,DM,GD,GP,KN,LC,MF,MS,VC,VG,VI +1039-06131 America/Port_of_Spain
TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti
TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei
UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev Ukraine (most areas)
US +471551-1014640 America/North_Dakota/Beulah Central - ND (Mercer)
US +394421-1045903 America/Denver Mountain (most areas)
US +433649-1161209 America/Boise Mountain - ID (south); OR (east)
-US +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix MST - Arizona (except Navajo)
+US,CA +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix MST - Arizona (except Navajo), Creston BC
US +340308-1181434 America/Los_Angeles Pacific
US +611305-1495401 America/Anchorage Alaska (most areas)
US +581807-1342511 America/Juneau Alaska - Juneau area
projects / openbsd / commitdiff