-# $OpenBSD: africa,v 1.68 2022/07/25 21:43:58 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: africa,v 1.69 2022/08/12 16:50:57 millert Exp $
# tzdb data for Africa and environs
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# Egypt
# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
-# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
+# observatory. Milne also says that the official time for
# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #STDOFF 2:05:08.9
Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
2:00 Egypt EE%sT
# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward
# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928.
# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf
-# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Offical Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813]
+# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813]
# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813
#
# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance,
0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
-1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20
0:00 - GMT
+#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu
# Mauritania
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
+#
+# The Crozet Islands also observe Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
+
# Rwanda
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30):
# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818
# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal
-# coordinated time, will be restituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.]
+# coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.]
Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
+ #STDOFF -0:36:44.68
-0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT
0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00
1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00
0:00 - GMT
# Seychelles
-
-# From P Chan (2020-11-27):
-# Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01.
-#
-# Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237)
-# The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05):
-# A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689
-# confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st
-# January, 1907."
-
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria
4:00 - +04
-# $OpenBSD: antarctica,v 1.44 2022/07/25 21:43:58 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: antarctica,v 1.45 2022/08/12 16:50:57 millert Exp $
# tzdb data for Antarctica and environs
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
#
+# Kerguelen
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français
5:00 - +05
+
#
# year-round base in the main continent
# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
-# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
-# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
-# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
-# time as Moscow, Russia.
-#
-# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
-# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
-# what they had to say about time there:
-# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
-# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
-# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
-# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
-# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
-# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
-# in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
-# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
-# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
-# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
-# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
-# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess +06.
-#
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - -00 1957 Dec 16
6:00 - +06
-# $OpenBSD: asia,v 1.98 2022/07/25 21:43:58 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: asia,v 1.99 2022/08/12 16:50:57 millert Exp $
# tzdb data for Asia and environs
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# in the city at the time for people who use different time standard to adjust
# their clock to their preferred time.
#
-# a. For the 1940 May 31 spring forward, the essay claim that it was
-# coordinared between the international settlement authority and the French
-# concession authority and have gathered support from Hong Kong and Xiamen,
-# that it would spring forward an hour from May 31 "midnight", and the essay
-# claim "Hong Kong government implemented the spring forward in the same time
-# on the same date as Shanghai".
+# a. For the 1940 May 31 spring forward, the essay [says] ... "Hong
+# Kong government implemented the spring forward in the same time on
+# the same date as Shanghai".
#
# b. For the 1940 fall back, it was said that they initially intended to do
# so on September 30 00:59 at night, however they postponed it to October 12
# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
# Now part of Asia/Shanghai.
# most of China
-# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
+# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time....
# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
#
# Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
+ #STDOFF 8:05:43.2
Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28
8:00 PRC C%sT
# Hong Kong
-# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
+# Milne gives 7:36:41.7.
# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
Rule HK 1979 only - May 13 3:30 1:00 S
Rule HK 1979 only - Oct 21 3:30 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 0:36:42
+ #STDOFF 7:36:41.7
+Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 29 17:00u
8:00 - HKT 1941 Jun 15 3:00
8:00 1:00 HKST 1941 Oct 1 4:00
8:00 0:30 HKWT 1941 Dec 25
#
# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
-# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
+# civil time was 7:07:12.5.
#
# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
#
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Java, Sumatra
+ #STDOFF 7:07:12.5
Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
# but this must be a typo.
- 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
+ 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 16:40u # Batavia
7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov
7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23
9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
# Iran
+# From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-05-30):
+# Here's an order from the Cabinet to the rest of the government to switch to
+# Tehran time, which is mentioned to be already at +03:30:
+# https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/180138
+# Just in case that goes away, I also saved a copy at archive.org:
+# https://web.archive.org/web/20220530111940/https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/180138
+# Here's my translation:
+#
+# "Circular on Matching the Hours of Governmental and Official Circles
+# in Provinces
+# Approved 1314/03/22 [=1935-06-13]
+# According to the ruling of the Honorable Cabinet, it is ordered that from
+# now on in all internal provinces of the country, governmental and official
+# circles set their time to match Tehran time (three hours and half before
+# Greenwich)....
+#
+# I still haven't found out when Tehran itself switched to +03:30....
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2022-06-05):
+# Although the above says Tehran was at +03:30 before 1935-06-13, we don't
+# know when it switched to +03:30. For now, use 1935-06-13 as the switch date.
+# Although most likely wrong, we have no better info.
+
+# From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-06-01):
+# This is from Kayhan newspaper, one of the major Iranian newspapers, from
+# March 20, 1978, page 2:
+#
+# "Pull the clocks 60 minutes forward
+# As we informed before, from the fourth day of the month Farvardin of the
+# new year [=1978-03-24], clocks will be pulled forward, and people's daily
+# work and life program will start one hour earlier than the current program.
+# On the 1st day of the month Farvardin of this year [=1977-03-21], they had
+# pulled the clocks forward by one hour, but in the month of Mehr
+# [=1977-09-23], the clocks were pulled back by 30 minutes.
+# In this way, from the 4th day of the month Farvardin, clocks will be ahead
+# of the previous years by one hour and a half.
+# According to the new program, during the night of 4th of Farvardin, when
+# the midnight, meaning 24 o'clock is announced, the hands of the clock must
+# be pulled forward by one hour and thus consider midnight 1 o'clock in the
+# forenoon."
+#
+# This implies that in September 1977, when the daylight savings time was
+# done with, Iran didn't go back to +03:30, but immediately to +04:00.
+#
+#
+# This is from the major Iranian newspaper Ettela'at, dated [1978-08-03]...,
+# page 32. It looks like they decided to get the clocks back to +4:00
+# just in time for Ramadan that year:
+#
+# "Tomorrow Night, Pull the Clocks Back by One Hour
+# At 1 o'clock in the forenoon of Saturday 14 Mordad [=1978-08-05], the
+# clocks will be pulled one hour back and instead of 1 o'clock in the
+# forenoon, Radio Iran will announce 24 o'clock.
+# This decision was made in the Cabinet of Ministers meeting of 25 Tir
+# [=1978-07-16], [...]
+# At the beginning of the year 2537 [=March 1978: Iran was using a different
+# year number for a few years then, based on the Coronation of Cyrus the
+# Great], the country's official time was pulled forward by one hour and now
+# the official time is one hour and a half ahead compared to last year,
+# because in Farvardin of last year [=March 1977], the official time was
+# pulled forward one hour and this continued until the second half of last
+# year [=September 1977] until in the second half of last year the official
+# time was pulled back half an hour and that half hour still remains."
+#
+# This matches the time of the true noon published in the newspapers, as they
+# clearly go from +05:00 to +04:00 after that date (which happened during a
+# long weekend in Iran).
+
+# From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-05-31):
+# [Movahedi S. Cultural preconceptions of time: Can we use operational time
+# to meddle in God's Time? Comp Stud Soc Hist. 1985;27(3):385-400]
+# https://www.jstor.org/stable/178704
+# Here's the quotes from the paper:
+# 1. '"Iran's official time keeper moved the clock one hour forward as from
+# March 22, 1977 (Farvardin 2, 2536) to make maximum use of daylight and save
+# in energy consumption. Thus Iran joined such other countries as Britain in
+# observing what is known as 'daylight saving.' The proposal was originally
+# put forward by the Ministry of Energy, in no way having any influence on
+# observing religious ceremonies. Moving time one hour forward in summer
+# means that at 11:00 o'clock on March 21, the official time was set as
+# midnight March 22. Then September 24 will actually begin one hour later
+# than the end of September 23 [...]." Iran's time base thus continued to be
+# Greenwich Mean Time plus three and one-half hours (plus four and one-half
+# hours in summer).'
+#
+# The article sources this from Iran Almanac and Book of Facts, 1977, Tehran:
+# Echo of Iran, which is on Google Books at
+# https://www.google.com/books/edition/Iran_Almanac_and_Book_of_Facts/9ybVAAAAMAAJ.
+# (I confirmed it by searching for snippets.)
+#
+# 2. "After the fall of the shah, the revolutionary government returned to
+# daylight-saving time (DST) on 26 May 1979."
+#
+# This seems to have been announced just one day in advance, on 25 May 1979.
+#
+# The change in 1977 clearly seems to be the first daylight savings effort in
+# Iran. But the article doesn't mention what happened in 1978 (which was
+# still during the shah's government), or how things continued in 1979
+# onwards (which was during the Islamic Republic).
+
+# From Francis Santoni (2022-06-01):
+# for Iran and 1977 the effective change is only 20 october
+# (UIT No. 143 17.XI.1977) and not 23 september (UIT No. 141 13.IX.1977).
+# UIT is the Operational Bulletin of International Telecommunication Union.
+
# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
# plan to change that law....
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30):
-# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
-# I used the following code in GNU Emacs 26.1 to generate the "Rule Iran"
-# lines from 2008 through 2087. Emacs 26.1 uses Ed Reingold's
-# cal-persia implementation of Birashk's approximation, which in the
-# 2008-2087 range disagrees with the astronomical Persian calendar
-# for Persian years 1404 (Gregorian 2025) and 1437 (Gregorian 2058), so
-# the following code special-cases those years. See Table 15.1, page 264, of:
-# Edward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz, Calendrical Calculations:
-# The Ultimate Edition, Cambridge University Press (2018).
-# https://www.cambridge.org/fr/academic/subjects/computer-science/computing-general-interest/calendrical-calculations-ultimate-edition-4th-edition
-# Page 258, footnote 2, of this book says there is some dispute over what will
-# happen in 2091 (and some other years after that), so this code
-# stops in 2087, as 2088 and 2089 agree with the "max" rule below.
-# (cl-loop
-# initially (require 'cal-persia)
-# with first-persian-year = 1387
-# with last-persian-year = 1466
-# ;; Exceptional years in the above range,
-# ;; from Reingold & Dershowitz Table 15.1, page 264:
-# with exceptional-persian-years = '(1404 1437)
-# with range-start = nil
-# for persian-year from first-persian-year to last-persian-year
-# do
-# (let*
-# ((exceptional-year-offset
-# (if (member persian-year exceptional-persian-years) 1 0))
-# (beg-dst-absolute
-# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 persian-year))
-# exceptional-year-offset))
-# (end-dst-absolute
-# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 6 30 persian-year))
-# exceptional-year-offset))
-# (next-year-beg-dst-absolute
-# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 (1+ persian-year)))
-# (if (member (1+ persian-year) exceptional-persian-years) 1 0)))
-# (beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute beg-dst-absolute))
-# (end-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute end-dst-absolute))
-# (next-year-beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
-# next-year-beg-dst-absolute))
-# (year (calendar-extract-year beg-dst))
-# (range-end (if range-start year "only")))
-# (setq range-start (or range-start year))
-# (when (or (/= (calendar-extract-day beg-dst)
-# (calendar-extract-day next-year-beg-dst))
-# (= persian-year last-persian-year))
-# (insert
-# (format
-# "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\t-\n"
-# range-start range-end
-# (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month beg-dst) t)
-# (calendar-extract-day beg-dst)))
-# (insert
-# (format
-# "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
-# range-start range-end
-# (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month end-dst) t)
-# (calendar-extract-day end-dst)))
-# (setq range-start nil))))
+# From Paul Eggert (2022-06-30):
+# Go with Pournader for 1935 through spring 1979, and for timestamps
+# after August 1991; go with with Shanks & Pottenger for other timestamps.
+# Go with Santoni's citation of the UIT for fall 1977, as 20 October 1977
+# is 28 Mehr 1356, consistent with the "Mehr" in Pournader's source.
+# Assume that the UIT's "1930" is UTC, i.e., 24:00 local time.
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
#
+# From Ali Mirjamali (2022-05-10):
+# Official IR News Agency announcement: irna.ir/xjJ3TT
+# ...
+# Highlights: DST will be cancelled for the next Iranian year 1402
+# (i.e 2023-March-21) and forthcoming years.
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 20 24:00 0 -
+# Work around a bug in zic 2022a and earlier.
+Rule Iran 1910 only - Jan 1 00:00 0 -
+#
+Rule Iran 1977 only - Mar 21 23:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 1977 only - Oct 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1978 only - Mar 24 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 1978 only - Aug 5 01:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1979 only - May 26 24:00 1:00 -
Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1980 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 22 24:00 0 -
Rule Iran 1991 only - May 2 24:00 1:00 -
Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2038 2039 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2038 2039 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2040 2041 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2040 2041 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2042 2043 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2042 2043 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2044 2045 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2044 2045 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2046 2047 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2046 2047 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2048 2049 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2048 2049 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2050 2051 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2050 2051 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2052 2053 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2052 2053 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2054 2055 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2054 2055 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2056 2057 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2056 2057 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2058 2059 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2058 2059 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2060 2062 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2060 2062 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2063 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2063 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2064 2066 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2064 2066 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2067 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2067 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2068 2070 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2068 2070 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2071 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2071 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2072 2074 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2072 2074 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2075 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2075 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2076 2078 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2076 2078 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2079 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2079 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2080 2082 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2080 2082 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2083 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2083 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2084 2086 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2084 2086 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2087 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2087 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-#
-# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2088.
-# These are the best post-2088 approximations available, given the
-# restrictions of a single rule using ordinary Gregorian dates.
-# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
-# possibly Iran will change the rules first.
-Rule Iran 2088 max - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2088 max - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2021 2022 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2021 2022 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
- 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
- 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov
+ 3:25:44 - TMT 1935 Jun 13 # Tehran Mean Time
+ 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 1977 Oct 20 24:00
4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979
3:30 Iran +0330/+0430
# the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
# From Alexander Konzurovski (2018-12-20):
-# Qyzyolrda Region (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from
-# UTC+6 to UTC+5 effective December 21st, 2018. The legal document is
-# located here: http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language).
+# (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from UTC+6 to UTC+5
+# effective December 21st, 2018....
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language).
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#
Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 -
Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
#
-# peninsular Malaysia
-# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
-# https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html
-# This agrees with Singapore since 1905-06-01.
+# Peninsular Malaysia
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
8:00 - +08
+
+#
# Sabah & Sarawak
# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
+ 5:00 1:00 +06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
5:00 - +05
# Thailand
6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
5:00 - +05
-# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
+# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8.
+ #STDOFF 4:37:10.8
Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00
# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
+# From Paul Eggert (2022-07-27) after a 2014 heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
# Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
# (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
# is quoted verbatim in:
# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris.
# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
-# the Paris Meridian (2° 20' 14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
-# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
+# the Paris Meridian; for now guess the former and round the exact
+# 07:06:30.1333... to 07:06:30.13 as the legal spec used 66 2/3 ms precision.
# which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
# is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
#
# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
+ #STDOFF 7:06:30.13
+Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:30 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT
7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
-# $OpenBSD: australasia,v 1.73 2022/07/25 21:43:58 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: australasia,v 1.74 2022/08/12 16:50:57 millert Exp $
# tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
7:00 - +07
# Cocos (Keeling) Is
-# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
-# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
6:30 - +0630
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
12:00 - +12
+
Zone Pacific/Kanton 0 - -00 1937 Aug 31
-12:00 - -12 1979 Oct
-11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31
9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30
11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
12:00 - +12
+
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
11:00 - +11 1937
10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
10:00 - +10
+
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia
10:32:52 - LMT 1901
11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
11:00 - +11
+
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
10:51:56 - LMT 1901
11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
12:00 NZ NZ%sT
-Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
- 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1
- 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345
-
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - -00 1956
12:00 NZ NZ%sT
+Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
+ 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1
+ 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345
+
# Auckland Is
# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
# and scientific personnel have wintered
# Niue
-# See Pacific/Raratonga comments for 1952 transition.
+# See Pacific/Rarotonga comments for 1952 transition.
#
# From Tim Parenti (2021-09-13):
# Consecutive contemporaneous editions of The Air Almanac listed -11:20 for
# to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See:
# Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01.
# https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/
+# [The article ends with "Today's date is April 1."]
# Queensland
# "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22.
# https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html
-# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
-# <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時> ... pointed out that
-# currently tzdata say Pacific/Kwajalein switched from GMT+11 to GMT-12 in
-# 1969 October without explanation, however an 1993 article from NYT say it
-# synchorized its day with US mainland about 40 years ago and thus the switch
-# should occur at around 1950s instead.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
-# The NYT (actually, AP) article is vague and possibly wrong about this.
-# The article says the earlier switch was "40 years ago when the United States
+# From Paul Eggert (2022-03-31):
+# Phake Nick (2018-10-27) noted <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時>'s
+# citation of a 1993 AP article published in the New York Times saying
+# Kwajalein synchronized its day with the US mainland about 40 years earlier.
+# However the AP article is vague and possibly wrong about this. The article
+# says the earlier switch was "about 40 years ago when the United States
# Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test
# Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was
# transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground"
# Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies
# kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844.
-# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
-# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
-# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
-# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
-
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now.
# From David Wade (2017-10-18):
-# In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister
+# In August government was dissolved by the King. The current prime minister
# continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few
# decisions will be made until elections 16th November.
#
# For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing.
-# Wake
-
-# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
-# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
-#
-# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
-# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
-# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
-# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
-# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
-# impossible.
-#
-# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
-# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
-
-# See also the commentary for Micronesia.
-
-
###############################################################################
# The International Date Line
-# $OpenBSD: backward,v 1.40 2022/07/25 21:43:58 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: backward,v 1.41 2022/08/12 16:50:57 millert Exp $
# tzdb links for backward compatibility
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
# This file provides links from old or merged timezone names to current ones.
-# Many names changed in late 1993. Several of these names are
+# Many names changed in late 1993, and many merged names moved here
+# in the period from 2013 through 2022. Several of these names are
# also present in the file 'backzone', which has data important only
# for pre-1970 timestamps and so is out of scope for tzdb proper.
+# Although this file is optional and tzdb will work if you omit it by
+# building with 'make BACKWARD=', in practice downstream users
+# typically use this file for backward compatibility.
+
# Link TARGET LINK-NAME
Link Africa/Asmara Africa/Asmera
Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu
Link Europe/Dublin Eire
Link Etc/UTC Etc/UCT
Link Europe/London Europe/Belfast
+Link Europe/Kyiv Europe/Kiev
Link Europe/Chisinau Europe/Tiraspol
Link Europe/London GB
Link Europe/London GB-Eire
-# $OpenBSD: etcetera,v 1.19 2020/12/23 13:06:27 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: etcetera,v 1.20 2022/08/12 16:50:57 millert Exp $
# tzdb data for ships at sea and other miscellany
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# behind GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT".
Zone Etc/GMT 0 - GMT
+
+# The following zone is used by tzcode functions like gmtime,
+# which load the "UTC" file to handle seconds properly.
Zone Etc/UTC 0 - UTC
# The following link uses older naming conventions,
# but it belongs here, not in the file 'backward',
-# as functions like gmtime load the "GMT" file to handle leap seconds properly.
-# We want this to work even on installations that omit the other older names.
+# as it is needed for tzcode releases through 2022a,
+# where functions like gmtime load "GMT" instead of the "Etc/UTC".
+# We want this to work even on installations that omit 'backward'.
Link Etc/GMT GMT
Link Etc/UTC Etc/Universal
-# $OpenBSD: europe,v 1.84 2022/07/25 21:43:58 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: europe,v 1.85 2022/08/12 16:50:57 millert Exp $
# tzdb data for Europe and environs
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# UT-00:25:22 and cites the International Telegraph Bureau. As it is
# not clear that there was any practical significance to the change
# from UT-00:25:22 to UT-00:25:21.1 in civil timekeeping, omit this
-# transition for now and just use the latter value, omitting its
-# fraction since our format cannot represent fractions.
+# transition for now and just use the latter value.
# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
#
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
+Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
Rule Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u -1:00 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
+ #STDOFF -0:25:21.1
+Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
-0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s
-0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
# End of rearguard section.
1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
1:00 EU CE%sT
-# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
-# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
-# the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
-# The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83
-# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
-#
-# The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973:
-# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100
-#
-# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
-# in subsequent decrees with the law
-# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223
-#
-# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
-# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
-# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
-# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
-# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
-# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
-# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
-# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
-# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
-# was suspended on that night):
-# https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
-# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
-# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
-# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
-# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
+# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
#
+
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
+
Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
0:00 - WET 1981
0:00 EU WE%sT
Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
-# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
-# round to nearest.
+# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document).
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #STDOFF 1:39:49.2
Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31
1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983
1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
-# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
-# Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
-# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
-# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
-# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
-# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
-#
-# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
-# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
-# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
-
-Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
# Georgia
# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
# Gibraltar
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
+Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
1:00 - CET 1982
1:00 EU CE%sT
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Iceland
-#
-# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
-# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
-#
-# (1993-12-05):
-# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
-# Iceland Almanak.
-#
-# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
-# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
-# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavík mean solar time which
-# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
-#
-# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
-# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
-# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
-# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
-#
-# (1993-12-10):
-# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
-# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
-# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
-# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
-# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
-# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
-# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
-# might mean something else (???).
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22):
-# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see
-# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html
-#
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 -
Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
+
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
-1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
0:00 - GMT
+
# Italy
#
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Dec 12
- 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean
+ 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:00u # Rome Mean
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1943 Sep 10
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
+Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
+Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
+
# Kosovo
# See Europe/Belgrade.
-Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
-Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
-
# Latvia
# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Liechtenstein
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
-
-# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-04):
-# I was able to access the online archive of the Vaduz paper Vaterland ...
-# I could confirm from the paper that Liechtenstein did in fact follow
-# the same DST in 1941 and 1942 as Switzerland did.
-
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Luxembourg
-# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
+
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
+Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT
2:00 Moldova EE%sT
# Monaco
-#
-# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12):
-# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at
-# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf
-# we read: ...
-# [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year],
-# legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1,
-# 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.]
-# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at
-# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf
-# we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ...
-# [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation
-# of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal
-# time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.]
-#
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica
# Netherlands
-
-# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
-# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
-
-# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
-# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
-# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
-# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
-# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
-# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
-# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
-# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
-# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
-#
-# (2001-04-08):
-# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
-# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
-# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
-#
-# (2001-04-09):
-# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
-# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
-# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
-# actually followed.
-#
-# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
-# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
-# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
-# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
-# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
-#
-# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
-# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
-# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
-# Amsterdam mean time.
-
-# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
-# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09):
-# I invented the abbreviations AMT for Amsterdam Mean Time and NST for
-# Netherlands Summer Time, used in the Netherlands from 1835 to 1937.
-
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
-#
-# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13, but the .13 is omitted
-# below because the current format requires STDOFF to be an integer.
+ #STDOFF 0:19:32.13
+
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Norway
-# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
-# Pottenger.
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
+
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
+Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
#
-# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
+# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Berlin
# for these regions.
-Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
+
# Poland
# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
# https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
-# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett....
#
# From Michael Deckers (2018-02-15):
# article 5 [of the 1911 decree; Deckers's translation] ...:
Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
#
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #STDOFF -0:36:44.68
Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
-0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 0:00u # Lisbon MT
0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
0:00 EU WE%sT
-# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
-1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 2:00u # Horta MT
+# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support %z.
+# -2:00 Port %z 1966 Apr 3 2:00
+# -1:00 Port %z 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+# -1:00 W-Eur %z 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
+# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking %z; see ziguard.awk.
-2:00 Port -02/-01 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
-2:00 Port +00 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
-2:00 Port -02/-01 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
-2:00 Port -02/-01 1966 Apr 3 2:00
-1:00 Port -01/+00 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
-1:00 W-Eur -01/+00 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
+# End of rearguard section.
0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
-1:00 EU -01/+00
-# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
-1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u # Funchal MT
+# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support %z.
+# -1:00 Port %z 1966 Apr 3 2:00
+# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking %z; see ziguard.awk.
-1:00 Port -01/+00 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
-1:00 Port +01 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
-1:00 Port -01/+00 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
-1:00 Port -01/+00 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
-1:00 Port +01 1945 Aug 25 22:00s
-1:00 Port -01/+00 1966 Apr 3 2:00
+# End of rearguard section.
0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
0:00 EU WE%sT
2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 20
# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
-# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
+# From Paul Eggert (2022-07-21):
+# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reported that central Crimea switched
+# from Kyiv to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
-# changed in May.
+# changed in May. This change evidently didn't last long; see below.
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
-# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
- 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s
+# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also said that Kerch is still like Kyiv.
+ 3:00 C-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s
3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
-# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
+# IATA SSIM (1997-09) said Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
-# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
+# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9.
# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
+ #STDOFF 4:02:32.9
Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3
3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
-# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
+# From Arthur David Olson (2022-03-21):
+# Tomponsky and Ust-Maysky switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
# in 2011.
# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
-# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
+# From Arthur David Olson (2022-03-21):
+# Oymyakonsky and the Kuril Islands switched from
# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
#
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Slovakia
-Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
+Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
# Slovenia
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:45:16
+Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00u
0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00
1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
# Sweden
-
-# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
-#
-# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
-# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
-# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
-# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
-# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
-#
-# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30"
-# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
-# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
-#
-# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
-# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
-# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
-# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
-# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
-# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
-# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
-# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
-#
-# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
-# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
-# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
-# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
-#
-# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
-# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
-# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
-# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
-# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
-# the Sök-button).
-#
-# (2001-05-13):
-#
-# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
-# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
-# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
-# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
-# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
-# hour before the event took place.
-#
-# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
-
-# An extra-special abbreviation style is SET for Swedish Time (svensk
-# normaltid) 1879-1899, 3° west of the Stockholm Observatory.
-
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
+# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
+# Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
+# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
+# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
+# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
+# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
+#
+# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
+# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
+#
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
+# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT
+Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
+
# Turkey
# Ukraine
#
-# From Alois Triendl (2014-03-01):
+# From Alois Treindl (2014-03-01):
# REGULATION A N O V A on March 20, 1992 N 139 ... means that from
# 1992 on, Ukraine had DST with begin time at 02:00 am, on last Sunday
# in March, and end time 03:00 am, last Sunday in September....
# The law documents themselves are at
# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
-# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
+# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kyiv time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST:
# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST
# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-10-03):
+# From Paul Eggert (2022-04-12):
# As is usual in tzdb, Ukrainian zones use the most common English spellings.
-# For example, tzdb uses Europe/Kiev, as "Kiev" is the most common spelling in
-# English for Ukraine's capital, even though it is certainly wrong as a
-# transliteration of the Ukrainian "Київ". This is similar to tzdb's use of
-# Europe/Prague, which is certainly wrong as a transliteration of the Czech
-# "Praha". ("Kiev" came from old Slavic via Russian to English, and "Prague"
-# came from old Slavic via French to English, so the two cases have something
-# in common.) Admittedly English-language spelling of Ukrainian names is
-# controversial, and some day "Kyiv" may become substantially more popular in
-# English; in the meantime, stick with the traditional English "Kiev" as that
-# means less disruption for our users.
+# In particular, tzdb's name Europe/Kyiv uses the most common spelling in
+# English for Ukraine's capital. Although tzdb's former name was Europe/Kiev,
+# "Kyiv" is now more common due to widespread reporting of the current conflict.
+# Conversely, tzdb continues to use the names Europe/Uzhgorod and
+# Europe/Zaporozhye; this is similar to tzdb's use of Europe/Prague, which is
+# certainly wrong as a transliteration of the Czech "Praha".
+# English-language spelling of Ukrainian names is in flux, and
+# some day "Uzhhorod" or "Zaporizhzhia" may become substantially more
+# common in English; in the meantime, do not change these
+# English spellings as that means less disruption for our users.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# This represents most of Ukraine. See above for the spelling of "Kiev".
-Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
- 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
+# This represents most of Ukraine. See above for the spelling of "Kyiv".
+Zone Europe/Kyiv 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
+ 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kyiv Mean Time
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1996 May 13
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
-# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
+# "Zaporizhzhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
# portable Posix file names.
-# $OpenBSD: leapseconds,v 1.46 2022/03/17 14:37:27 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: leapseconds,v 1.47 2022/08/12 16:50:57 millert Exp $
# Allowance for leap seconds added to each time zone file.
# This file is in the public domain.
# Any additional leap seconds will come after this.
# This Expires line is commented out for now,
# so that pre-2020a zic implementations do not reject this file.
-#Expires 2022 Dec 28 00:00:00
+#Expires 2023 Jun 28 00:00:00
# POSIX timestamps for the data in this file:
#updated 1467936000 (2016-07-08 00:00:00 UTC)
-#expires 1672185600 (2022-12-28 00:00:00 UTC)
+#expires 1687910400 (2023-06-28 00:00:00 UTC)
-# Updated through IERS Bulletin C63
-# File expires on: 28 December 2022
+# Updated through IERS Bulletin C64
+# File expires on: 28 June 2023
-# $OpenBSD: northamerica,v 1.79 2022/07/25 21:43:58 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: northamerica,v 1.80 2022/08/12 16:50:57 millert Exp $
# tzdb data for North and Central America and environs
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
# Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
# says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of
-# Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch. Round to the
-# nearest second.
+# Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch.
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule NYC 1920 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule NYC 1921 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule NYC 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
+ #STDOFF -4:56:01.6
+Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 17:00u
-5:00 US E%sT 1920
-5:00 NYC E%sT 1942
-5:00 US E%sT 1946
-6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
-6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
-5:00 - EST
+#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link America/Atikokan America/Coral_Harbour
# Manitoba
# Barbados
-# For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
+# For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2.
# From P Chan (2020-12-09 and 2020-12-11):
# Standard time of GMT-4 was adopted in 1911.
Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #STDOFF -3:58:29.2
Zone America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1911 Aug 28 # Bridgetown
-4:00 Barb A%sT 1944
-4:00 Barb AST/-0330 1945
# Bermuda
-# From Paul Eggert (2020-11-24):
+# From Paul Eggert (2022-07-27):
# For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
# Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I. This agrees with standard offset given in the
-# Daylight Saving Act, 1917 cited below. Round that to the nearest second.
+# Daylight Saving Act, 1917 cited below.
# It is not known when this time became standard for Bermuda; guess 1890.
# The transition to -04 was specified by:
# 1930: The Time Zone Act, 1929 (1929: No. 39) [1929-11-08]
Rule Bermuda 1956 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #STDOFF -4:19:18.3
Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1890 # Hamilton
-4:19:18 Bermuda BMT/BST 1930 Jan 1 2:00
-4:00 Bermuda A%sT 1974 Apr 28 2:00
# Costa Rica
-# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
+# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time.
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
# There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #STDOFF -5:36:13.3
Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 - LMT 1890 # San José
-5:36:13 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
-6:00 CR C%sT
# Jamaica
# Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
# unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
-# island". Go with Milne. Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
+# island". Go with Milne.
#
# Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but
# Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5.
# http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
#
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #STDOFF -5:07:10.41
Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:10 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
-5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST 1974
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
+ #STDOFF -5:07:10.41
-5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST 1979
-5:00 US E%sT 2015 Mar 8 2:00
-# $OpenBSD: southamerica,v 1.74 2022/07/25 21:43:58 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: southamerica,v 1.75 2022/08/12 16:50:57 millert Exp $
# tzdb data for South America and environs
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
#
# Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Córdoba Mean Time
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
# - Santiago del Estero switched to -4:00 on 1991-04-01,
# then to -3:00 on 1991-04-26.
#
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
#
# Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquén (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
#
# Tucumán (TM)
Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
#
# La Rioja (LR)
Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
#
# San Juan (SJ)
Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
#
# Jujuy (JY)
Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
#
# Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
#
# Mendoza (MZ)
Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
Rule SanLuis 2007 2008 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 -
Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
#
# Santa Cruz (SC)
Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
#
# Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (TF)
Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
# From Rodrigo Severo (2004-10-04):
# It's just the biannual change made necessary by the much hyped, supposedly
-# modern Brazilian eletronic voting machines which, apparently, can't deal
+# modern Brazilian ... voting machines which, apparently, can't deal
# with a time change between the first and the second rounds of the elections.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-20):
# this is known to work for DST transitions starting in 2008 and
# may well be true for earlier transitions.
-# From Tim Parenti (2022-03-15):
+# From Tim Parenti (2022-07-06):
# For a brief period of roughly six weeks in 1946, DST was only observed on an
# emergency basis in specific regions of central Chile; namely, "the national
# territory between the provinces of Coquimbo and Concepción, inclusive".
# Law Number 8,522, promulgated 1946-08-27, reunified Chilean clocks at their
# new "Summer Time" of -04, reckoned as that of "the meridian of the
# Astronomical Observatory of Lo Espejo, advanced by 42 minutes and 45
-# seconds".
+# seconds". Although this law specified the new Summer Time to start on 1
+# September each year, a special "transitional article" started it a few days
+# early, as soon as the law took effect. As the law was to take force "from
+# the date of its publication in the 'Diario Oficial', which happened the
+# following day, presume the change took place in Santiago and its environs
+# from 24:00 -03 to 23:00 -04 on Wednesday 1946-08-28. Although this was a
+# no-op for wall clocks in the north and south of the country, put their formal
+# start to DST an hour later when they reached 24:00 -04.
# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/versiones-anteriores/do-h/19460828/#page/1
# After a brief "Winter Time" stint at -05 beginning 1947-04-01, Law Number
# 8,777, promulgated 1947-05-17, established year-round -04 "from 23:00 on the
# So we extend the new rules on Saturdays at 24:00 mainland time indefinitely.
# From Juan Correa (2019-02-04):
# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2018/11/23/42212/01/1498738.pdf
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-09-01):
-# The above says the Magallanes exception expires 2022-04-02 at 24:00,
-# so in theory, they will revert to -04/-03 after that.
-# For now, assume that they will not revert,
-# since they have extended the expiration date once already.
+
+# From Juan Correa (2022-04-02):
+# I found there was a decree published last Thursday that will keep
+# Magallanes region to UTC -3 "indefinitely". The decree is available at
+# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2022/03/31/43217-B/01/2108910.pdf
+
+# From Juan Correa (2022-08-09):
+# the Internal Affairs Ministry (Ministerio del Interior) informed DST
+# for America/Santiago will start on midnight of September 11th;
+# and will end on April 1st, 2023. Magallanes region (America/Punta_Arenas)
+# will keep UTC -3 "indefinitely"... This is because on September 4th
+# we will have a voting whether to approve a new Constitution....
+# https://www.interior.gob.cl/noticias/2022/08/09/comunicado-el-proximo-sabado-10-de-septiembre-los-relojes-se-deben-adelantar-una-hora/
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Chile 1927 1931 - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 -
Rule Chile 2016 2018 - May Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
Rule Chile 2016 2018 - Aug Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 -
Rule Chile 2019 max - Apr Sun>=2 3:00u 0 -
-Rule Chile 2019 max - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 -
+Rule Chile 2019 2021 - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 -
+Rule Chile 2022 only - Sep Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 -
+Rule Chile 2023 max - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 -
# IATA SSIM anomalies: (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08. Ignore these.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-5:00 Chile -05/-04 1932 Sep 1
-4:00 - -04 1942 Jun 1
-5:00 - -05 1942 Aug 1
- -4:00 - -04 1946 Jul 15
- -4:00 1:00 -03 1946 Sep 1 # central Chile
- -4:00 - -04 1947 Apr 1
+ -4:00 - -04 1946 Jul 14 24:00
+ -4:00 1:00 -03 1946 Aug 28 24:00 # central CL
+ -5:00 1:00 -04 1947 Mar 31 24:00
-5:00 - -05 1947 May 21 23:00
-4:00 Chile -04/-03
Zone America/Punta_Arenas -4:43:40 - LMT 1890
-5:00 Chile -05/-04 1932 Sep 1
-4:00 - -04 1942 Jun 1
-5:00 - -05 1942 Aug 1
- -4:00 - -04 1947 Apr 1
+ -4:00 - -04 1946 Aug 28 24:00
+ -5:00 1:00 -04 1947 Mar 31 24:00
-5:00 - -05 1947 May 21 23:00
-4:00 Chile -04/-03 2016 Dec 4
-3:00 - -03
# Colombia
-# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899; round to nearest. He writes,
+# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899. He writes,
# "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare."
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule CO 1992 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 -
Rule CO 1993 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #STDOFF -4:56:16.4
Zone America/Bogota -4:56:16 - LMT 1884 Mar 13
-4:56:16 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time
-5:00 CO -05/-04
-# $OpenBSD: zone.tab,v 1.70 2021/10/22 14:40:49 millert Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: zone.tab,v 1.71 2022/08/12 16:50:57 millert Exp $
# tzdb timezone descriptions (deprecated version)
#
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
CA +6227-11421 America/Yellowknife Mountain - NT (central)
CA +682059-1334300 America/Inuvik Mountain - NT (west)
CA +4906-11631 America/Creston MST - BC (Creston)
-CA +5946-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
+CA +5546-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
CA +5848-12242 America/Fort_Nelson MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse MST - Yukon (east)
CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson MST - Yukon (west)
TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti
TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei
TZ -0648+03917 Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
-UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev Ukraine (most areas)
+UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kyiv Ukraine (most areas)
UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Transcarpathia
UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozhye and east Lugansk
UG +0019+03225 Africa/Kampala
#country-
#codes coordinates TZ comments
AD +4230+00131 Europe/Andorra
-AE,OM +2518+05518 Asia/Dubai
+AE,OM,RE,SC,TF +2518+05518 Asia/Dubai UAE, Oman, Réunion, Seychelles, Crozet, Scattered Is
AF +3431+06912 Asia/Kabul
AL +4120+01950 Europe/Tirane
AM +4011+04430 Asia/Yerevan
AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer
AQ -6734-06808 Antarctica/Rothera Rothera
AQ -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll
-AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok
AR -3436-05827 America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
AR -3124-06411 America/Argentina/Cordoba Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
AR -2447-06525 America/Argentina/Salta Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
AZ +4023+04951 Asia/Baku
BB +1306-05937 America/Barbados
BD +2343+09025 Asia/Dhaka
-BE +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels
+BE,LU,NL +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels
BG +4241+02319 Europe/Sofia
BM +3217-06446 Atlantic/Bermuda
-BN +0456+11455 Asia/Brunei
BO -1630-06809 America/La_Paz
BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Atlantic islands
BR -0127-04829 America/Belem Pará (east); Amapá
CA +690650-1050310 America/Cambridge_Bay Mountain - NU (west)
CA +6227-11421 America/Yellowknife Mountain - NT (central)
CA +682059-1334300 America/Inuvik Mountain - NT (west)
-CA +5946-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
+CA +5546-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
CA +5848-12242 America/Fort_Nelson MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse MST - Yukon (east)
CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson MST - Yukon (west)
CA +4916-12307 America/Vancouver Pacific - BC (most areas)
-CC -1210+09655 Indian/Cocos
CH,DE,LI +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich Swiss time
-CI,BF,GH,GM,GN,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,TG +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan
+CI,BF,GH,GM,GN,IS,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,TG +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan
CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga
CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago Chile (most areas)
CL -5309-07055 America/Punta_Arenas Region of Magallanes
CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island
CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time
-CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time
+CN,AQ +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time, Vostok
CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota
CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica
CU +2308-08222 America/Havana
CV +1455-02331 Atlantic/Cape_Verde
-CX -1025+10543 Indian/Christmas
CY +3510+03322 Asia/Nicosia Cyprus (most areas)
CY +3507+03357 Asia/Famagusta Northern Cyprus
CZ,SK +5005+01426 Europe/Prague
-DE +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin Germany (most areas)
-DK +5540+01235 Europe/Copenhagen
+DE,DK,NO,SE,SJ +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin Germany (most areas), Scandinavia
DO +1828-06954 America/Santo_Domingo
DZ +3647+00303 Africa/Algiers
EC -0210-07950 America/Guayaquil Ecuador (mainland)
FI,AX +6010+02458 Europe/Helsinki
FJ -1808+17825 Pacific/Fiji
FK -5142-05751 Atlantic/Stanley
-FM +0725+15147 Pacific/Chuuk Chuuk/Truk, Yap
-FM +0658+15813 Pacific/Pohnpei Pohnpei/Ponape
FM +0519+16259 Pacific/Kosrae Kosrae
FO +6201-00646 Atlantic/Faroe
-FR +4852+00220 Europe/Paris
+FR,MC +4852+00220 Europe/Paris
GB,GG,IM,JE +513030-0000731 Europe/London
GE +4143+04449 Asia/Tbilisi
GF +0456-05220 America/Cayenne
IO -0720+07225 Indian/Chagos
IQ +3321+04425 Asia/Baghdad
IR +3540+05126 Asia/Tehran
-IS +6409-02151 Atlantic/Reykjavik
IT,SM,VA +4154+01229 Europe/Rome
JM +175805-0764736 America/Jamaica
JO +3157+03556 Asia/Amman
JP +353916+1394441 Asia/Tokyo
KE,DJ,ER,ET,KM,MG,SO,TZ,UG,YT -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi
KG +4254+07436 Asia/Bishkek
-KI +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilbert Islands
+KI,MH,TV,UM,WF +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilberts, Marshalls, Tuvalu, Wallis & Futuna, Wake
KI -0247-17143 Pacific/Kanton Phoenix Islands
KI +0152-15720 Pacific/Kiritimati Line Islands
KP +3901+12545 Asia/Pyongyang
LK +0656+07951 Asia/Colombo
LR +0618-01047 Africa/Monrovia
LT +5441+02519 Europe/Vilnius
-LU +4936+00609 Europe/Luxembourg
LV +5657+02406 Europe/Riga
LY +3254+01311 Africa/Tripoli
MA +3339-00735 Africa/Casablanca
-MC +4342+00723 Europe/Monaco
MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau
-MH +0709+17112 Pacific/Majuro Marshall Islands (most areas)
MH +0905+16720 Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein
-MM +1647+09610 Asia/Yangon
+MM,CC +1647+09610 Asia/Yangon
MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulaanbaatar Mongolia (most areas)
MN +4801+09139 Asia/Hovd Bayan-Ölgii, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
MN +4804+11430 Asia/Choibalsan Dornod, Sükhbaatar
MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique
MT +3554+01431 Europe/Malta
MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius
-MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives
+MV,TF +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives Maldives, Kerguelen, St Paul I, Amsterdam I
MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Time
MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo
MX +2058-08937 America/Merida Central Time - Campeche, Yucatán
MX +2904-11058 America/Hermosillo Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana Pacific Time US - Baja California
MX +2048-10515 America/Bahia_Banderas Central Time - Bahía de Banderas
-MY +0310+10142 Asia/Kuala_Lumpur Malaysia (peninsula)
-MY +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah, Sarawak
+MY,BN +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei
MZ,BI,BW,CD,MW,RW,ZM,ZW -2558+03235 Africa/Maputo Central Africa Time
NA -2234+01706 Africa/Windhoek
NC -2216+16627 Pacific/Noumea
NF -2903+16758 Pacific/Norfolk
NG,AO,BJ,CD,CF,CG,CM,GA,GQ,NE +0627+00324 Africa/Lagos West Africa Time
NI +1209-08617 America/Managua
-NL +5222+00454 Europe/Amsterdam
-NO,SJ +5955+01045 Europe/Oslo
NP +2743+08519 Asia/Kathmandu
NR -0031+16655 Pacific/Nauru
NU -1901-16955 Pacific/Niue
PF -1732-14934 Pacific/Tahiti Society Islands
PF -0900-13930 Pacific/Marquesas Marquesas Islands
PF -2308-13457 Pacific/Gambier Gambier Islands
-PG,AQ -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby Papua New Guinea (most areas), Dumont d'Urville
+PG,AQ,FM -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby Papua New Guinea (most areas), Chuuk, Yap, Dumont d'Urville
PG -0613+15534 Pacific/Bougainville Bougainville
PH +1435+12100 Asia/Manila
PK +2452+06703 Asia/Karachi
PW +0720+13429 Pacific/Palau
PY -2516-05740 America/Asuncion
QA,BH +2517+05132 Asia/Qatar
-RE,TF -2052+05528 Indian/Reunion Réunion, Crozet, Scattered Islands
RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest
RS,BA,HR,ME,MK,SI +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade
RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka MSK+09 - Kamchatka
RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr MSK+09 - Bering Sea
SA,AQ,KW,YE +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh Arabia, Syowa
-SB -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal
-SC -0440+05528 Indian/Mahe
+SB,FM -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal Solomons, Pohnpei
SD +1536+03232 Africa/Khartoum
-SE +5920+01803 Europe/Stockholm
SG,MY +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore Singapore, peninsular Malaysia
SR +0550-05510 America/Paramaribo
SS +0451+03137 Africa/Juba
SY +3330+03618 Asia/Damascus
TC +2128-07108 America/Grand_Turk
TD +1207+01503 Africa/Ndjamena
-TF -492110+0701303 Indian/Kerguelen Kerguelen, St Paul Island, Amsterdam Island
-TH,KH,LA,VN +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok Indochina (most areas)
+TH,CX,KH,LA,VN +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok Indochina (most areas)
TJ +3835+06848 Asia/Dushanbe
TK -0922-17114 Pacific/Fakaofo
TL -0833+12535 Asia/Dili
TN +3648+01011 Africa/Tunis
TO -210800-1751200 Pacific/Tongatapu
TR +4101+02858 Europe/Istanbul
-TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti
TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei
-UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev Ukraine (most areas)
+UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kyiv Ukraine (most areas)
UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Transcarpathia
UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozhye and east Lugansk
-UM +1917+16637 Pacific/Wake Wake Island
US +404251-0740023 America/New_York Eastern (most areas)
US +421953-0830245 America/Detroit Eastern - MI (most areas)
US +381515-0854534 America/Kentucky/Louisville Eastern - KY (Louisville area)
VE +1030-06656 America/Caracas
VN +1045+10640 Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Vietnam (south)
VU -1740+16825 Pacific/Efate
-WF -1318-17610 Pacific/Wallis
WS -1350-17144 Pacific/Apia
ZA,LS,SZ -2615+02800 Africa/Johannesburg
projects / openbsd / commitdiff