1990s -> inet_addr(3), 2000s and beyond -> inet_ntop(3).
ok tedu@ (who also noted the timeline) deraadt@ jmc@
-# $OpenBSD: Makefile.inc,v 1.51 2014/04/07 17:57:56 schwarze Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: Makefile.inc,v 1.52 2014/04/19 11:18:01 guenther Exp $
# net sources
.PATH: ${LIBCSRCDIR}/arch/${MACHINE_CPU}/net ${LIBCSRCDIR}/net
MAN+= byteorder.3 ethers.3 gai_strerror.3 getaddrinfo.3 gethostbyname.3 \
getifaddrs.3 getnameinfo.3 getnetent.3 getpeereid.3 getprotoent.3 \
- getrrsetbyname.3 getservent.3 if_indextoname.3 inet.3 \
- inet_net.3 inet6_option_space.3 inet6_rthdr_space.3 \
+ getrrsetbyname.3 getservent.3 if_indextoname.3 \
+ inet_addr.3 inet_lnaof.3 inet_net.3 inet_ntop.3 \
+ inet6_option_space.3 inet6_rthdr_space.3 \
inet6_opt_init.3 inet6_rth_space.3 link_addr.3 \
rcmd.3 rcmdsh.3 resolver.3
getservent.3 endservent_r.3
MLINKS+= if_indextoname.3 if_nametoindex.3 if_indextoname.3 if_nameindex.3 \
if_indextoname.3 if_freenameindex.3
-MLINKS+=inet.3 inet_addr.3 inet.3 inet_aton.3 \
- inet.3 inet_lnaof.3 inet.3 inet_makeaddr.3 inet.3 inet_netof.3 \
- inet.3 inet_network.3 inet.3 inet_ntoa.3 \
- inet.3 inet_ntop.3 inet.3 inet_pton.3
+MLINKS+=inet_addr.3 inet_aton.3 inet_addr.3 inet_network.3 \
+ inet_addr.3 inet_ntoa.3 \
+MLINKS+=inet_lnaof.3 inet_makeaddr.3 inet_lnaof.3 inet_netof.3
+MLINKS+=inet_ntop.3 inet_pton.3
MLINKS+=inet_net.3 inet_net_ntop.3 inet_net.3 inet_net_pton.3
MLINKS+=link_addr.3 link_ntoa.3
MLINKS+=rcmd.3 iruserok.3 rcmd.3 rresvport.3 rcmd.3 ruserok.3 \
+++ /dev/null
-.\" $OpenBSD: inet.3,v 1.26 2013/06/05 03:39:23 tedu Exp $
-.\" $NetBSD: inet.3,v 1.7 1997/06/18 02:25:24 lukem Exp $
-.\"
-.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1990, 1991, 1993
-.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\" without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" @(#)inet.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
-.\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: June 5 2013 $
-.Dt INET 3
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm inet_aton ,
-.Nm inet_addr ,
-.Nm inet_network ,
-.Nm inet_pton ,
-.Nm inet_ntop ,
-.Nm inet_ntoa ,
-.Nm inet_makeaddr ,
-.Nm inet_netof ,
-.Nm inet_lnaof
-.Nd Internet address manipulation routines
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In sys/types.h
-.In sys/socket.h
-.In netinet/in.h
-.In arpa/inet.h
-.Ft int
-.Fn inet_aton "const char *cp" "struct in_addr *addr"
-.Ft in_addr_t
-.Fn inet_addr "const char *cp"
-.Ft in_addr_t
-.Fn inet_network "const char *cp"
-.Ft int
-.Fn inet_pton "int af" "const char *src" "void *dst"
-.Ft const char *
-.Fn inet_ntop "int af" "const void *src" "char *dst" "socklen_t size"
-.Ft char *
-.Fn inet_ntoa "struct in_addr in"
-.Ft struct in_addr
-.Fn inet_makeaddr "in_addr_t net" "in_addr_t lna"
-.Ft in_addr_t
-.Fn inet_netof "struct in_addr in"
-.Ft in_addr_t
-.Fn inet_lnaof "struct in_addr in"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The routines
-.Fn inet_aton ,
-.Fn inet_addr ,
-and
-.Fn inet_network
-interpret character strings representing
-numbers expressed in the Internet standard
-.Dq dot
-notation.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn inet_aton
-routine interprets the specified character string as an Internet address,
-placing the address into the structure provided.
-It returns 1 if the string was successfully interpreted,
-or 0 if the string was invalid.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn inet_addr
-and
-.Fn inet_network
-functions return numbers suitable for use
-as Internet addresses and Internet network
-numbers, respectively.
-Both functions return the constant
-.Dv INADDR_NONE
-if the specified character string is malformed.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn inet_pton
-function converts a presentation format address (that is, printable form
-as held in a character string) to network format (usually a
-.Li struct in_addr
-or some other internal binary representation, in network byte order).
-It returns 1 if the address was valid for the specified address family;
-0 if the address wasn't parseable in the specified address family; or \-1
-if some system error occurred (in which case
-.Va errno
-will have been set).
-This function is presently valid for
-.Dv AF_INET
-and
-.Dv AF_INET6 .
-.Pp
-The function
-.Fn inet_ntop
-converts an address from network format (usually a
-.Li struct in_addr
-or some other binary form, in network byte order) to presentation format
-(suitable for external display purposes).
-It returns
-.Dv NULL
-if a system
-error occurs (in which case,
-.Va errno
-will have been set), or it returns a pointer to the destination string.
-.Pp
-The routine
-.Fn inet_ntoa
-takes an Internet address and returns an
-ASCII string representing the address in dot notation.
-.Pp
-The routine
-.Fn inet_makeaddr
-takes an Internet network number and a local
-network address and constructs an Internet address
-from it.
-.Pp
-The routines
-.Fn inet_netof
-and
-.Fn inet_lnaof
-break apart Internet host addresses, returning
-the network number and local network address part,
-respectively.
-.Pp
-All Internet addresses are returned in network
-order (bytes ordered from left to right).
-All network numbers and local address parts are
-returned as machine format integer values.
-.Sh INTERNET ADDRESSES (IP VERSION 4)
-Values specified using dot notation take one of the following forms:
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-a.b.c.d
-a.b.c
-a.b
-a
-.Ed
-.Pp
-When four parts are specified, each is interpreted
-as a byte of data and assigned, from left to right,
-to the four bytes of an Internet address.
-Note that when an Internet address is viewed as a 32-bit
-integer quantity on a system that uses little-endian
-byte order
-(such as the Intel 386, 486 and Pentium processors)
-the bytes referred to above appear as
-.Dq Li d.c.b.a .
-That is, little-endian bytes are ordered from right to left.
-.Pp
-When a three part address is specified, the last
-part is interpreted as a 16-bit quantity and placed
-in the rightmost two bytes of the network address.
-This makes the three part address format convenient
-for specifying Class B network addresses as
-.Dq Li 128.net.host .
-.Pp
-When a two part address is supplied, the last part
-is interpreted as a 24-bit quantity and placed in
-the rightmost three bytes of the network address.
-This makes the two part address format convenient
-for specifying Class A network addresses as
-.Dq Li net.host .
-.Pp
-When only one part is given, the value is stored
-directly in the network address without any byte
-rearrangement.
-.Pp
-All numbers supplied as
-.Dq parts
-in a dot notation
-may be decimal, octal, or hexadecimal, as specified
-in the C language (i.e., a leading 0x or 0X implies
-hexadecimal; a leading 0 implies octal;
-otherwise, the number is interpreted as decimal).
-.Sh INTERNET ADDRESSES (IP VERSION 6)
-In order to support scoped IPv6 addresses,
-.Xr getaddrinfo 3
-and
-.Xr getnameinfo 3
-are recommended rather than the functions presented here.
-.Pp
-The presentation format of an IPv6 address is given in RFC 4291:
-.Pp
-There are three conventional forms for representing IPv6 addresses as
-text strings:
-.Bl -enum
-.It
-The preferred form is x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x, where the 'x's are the
-hexadecimal values of the eight 16-bit pieces of the address.
-Examples:
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210
-1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A
-.Ed
-.Pp
-Note that it is not necessary to write the leading zeros in an
-individual field, but there must be at least one numeral in
-every field (except for the case described in 2.).
-.It
-Due to the method of allocating certain styles of IPv6
-addresses, it will be common for addresses to contain long
-strings of zero bits.
-In order to make writing addresses
-containing zero bits easier, a special syntax is available to
-compress the zeros.
-The use of
-.Dq \&:\&:
-indicates multiple groups
-of 16 bits of zeros.
-The
-.Dq \&:\&:
-can only appear once in an
-address.
-The
-.Dq \&:\&:
-can also be used to compress the leading and/or trailing zeros in an address.
-.Pp
-For example the following addresses:
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A a unicast address
-FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:43 a multicast address
-0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 the loopback address
-0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 the unspecified addresses
-.Ed
-.Pp
-may be represented as:
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-1080::8:800:200C:417A a unicast address
-FF01::43 a multicast address
-::1 the loopback address
-:: the unspecified addresses
-.Ed
-.It
-An alternative form that is sometimes more convenient when
-dealing with a mixed environment of IPv4 and IPv6 nodes is
-x:x:x:x:x:x:d.d.d.d, where the 'x's are the hexadecimal values
-of the six high-order 16-bit pieces of the address, and the 'd's
-are the decimal values of the four low-order 8-bit pieces of the
-address (standard IPv4 representation).
-Examples:
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-0:0:0:0:0:0:13.1.68.3
-0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:129.144.52.38
-.Ed
-.Pp
-or in compressed form:
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-::13.1.68.3
-::FFFF:129.144.52.38
-.Ed
-.El
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr byteorder 3 ,
-.Xr gethostbyname 3 ,
-.Xr getnetent 3 ,
-.Xr inet_net 3 ,
-.Xr hosts 5 ,
-.Xr networks 5
-.Sh STANDARDS
-The
-.Nm inet_ntop
-and
-.Nm inet_pton
-functions conform to the IETF IPv6 BSD API and address formatting
-specifications.
-Note that
-.Nm inet_pton
-does not accept 1-, 2-, or 3-part dotted addresses; all four parts
-must be specified.
-This is a narrower input set than that accepted by
-.Nm inet_aton .
-.Pp
-.Rs
-.%A R. Gilligan
-.%A S. Thomson
-.%A J. Bound
-.%A J. McCann
-.%A W. Stevens
-.%D February 2003
-.%R RFC 3493
-.%T Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6
-.Re
-.Pp
-.Rs
-.%A R. Hinden
-.%A S. Deering
-.%D February 2006
-.%R RFC 4291
-.%T IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture
-.Re
-.Sh HISTORY
-The
-.Nm inet_addr ,
-.Nm inet_network ,
-.Nm inet_makeaddr ,
-.Nm inet_lnaof ,
-and
-.Nm inet_netof
-functions appeared in
-.Bx 4.2 .
-The
-.Nm inet_aton
-and
-.Nm inet_ntoa
-functions appeared in
-.Bx 4.3 .
-The
-.Nm inet_pton
-and
-.Nm inet_ntop
-functions appeared in BIND 4.9.4.
-.Sh BUGS
-The value
-.Dv INADDR_NONE
-(0xffffffff) is a valid broadcast address, but
-.Fn inet_addr
-cannot return that value without indicating failure.
-Also,
-.Fn inet_addr
-should have been designed to return a
-.Li struct in_addr .
-The newer
-.Fn inet_aton
-function does not share these problems, and almost all existing code
-should be modified to use
-.Fn inet_aton
-instead.
-.Pp
-The problem of host byte ordering versus network byte ordering is
-confusing.
-.Pp
-The string returned by
-.Fn inet_ntoa
-resides in a static memory area.
--- /dev/null
+.\" $OpenBSD: inet_addr.3,v 1.1 2014/04/19 11:18:01 guenther Exp $
+.\" $NetBSD: inet.3,v 1.7 1997/06/18 02:25:24 lukem Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1990, 1991, 1993
+.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\" without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\" @(#)inet.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
+.\"
+.Dd $Mdocdate: April 19 2014 $
+.Dt INET_ADDR 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm inet_aton ,
+.Nm inet_addr ,
+.Nm inet_network ,
+.Nm inet_ntoa
+.Nd Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) address manipulation routines
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.In arpa/inet.h
+.Ft int
+.Fn inet_aton "const char *cp" "struct in_addr *addr"
+.Ft in_addr_t
+.Fn inet_addr "const char *cp"
+.Ft in_addr_t
+.Fn inet_network "const char *cp"
+.Ft char *
+.Fn inet_ntoa "struct in_addr in"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The functions presented here only support IPv4 addresses.
+In order to support IPv6 addresses as well,
+.Xr inet_ntop 3
+and
+.Xr inet_pton 3
+should be used rather than the functions presented here.
+Scoped IPv6 addresses are supported via
+.Xr getaddrinfo 3
+and
+.Xr getnameinfo 3 .
+.Pp
+The routines
+.Fn inet_aton ,
+.Fn inet_addr ,
+and
+.Fn inet_network
+interpret character strings representing
+numbers expressed in the Internet standard
+.Dq dot
+notation.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn inet_aton
+routine interprets the specified character string as an Internet address,
+placing the address into the structure provided.
+It returns 1 if the string was successfully interpreted,
+or 0 if the string was invalid.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn inet_addr
+and
+.Fn inet_network
+functions return numbers suitable for use
+as Internet addresses and Internet network
+numbers, respectively.
+Both functions return the constant
+.Dv INADDR_NONE
+if the specified character string is malformed.
+.Pp
+The routine
+.Fn inet_ntoa
+takes an Internet address and returns an
+ASCII string representing the address in dot notation.
+.Pp
+All Internet addresses are returned in network
+order (bytes ordered from left to right).
+All network numbers and local address parts are
+returned as machine format integer values.
+.Sh INTERNET ADDRESSES (IP VERSION 4)
+Values specified using dot notation take one of the following forms:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+a.b.c.d
+a.b.c
+a.b
+a
+.Ed
+.Pp
+When four parts are specified, each is interpreted
+as a byte of data and assigned, from left to right,
+to the four bytes of an Internet address.
+Note that when an Internet address is viewed as a 32-bit
+integer quantity on a system that uses little-endian
+byte order
+(such as the Intel 386, 486 and Pentium processors)
+the bytes referred to above appear as
+.Dq Li d.c.b.a .
+That is, little-endian bytes are ordered from right to left.
+.Pp
+When a three part address is specified, the last
+part is interpreted as a 16-bit quantity and placed
+in the rightmost two bytes of the network address.
+This makes the three part address format convenient
+for specifying Class B network addresses as
+.Dq Li 128.net.host .
+.Pp
+When a two part address is supplied, the last part
+is interpreted as a 24-bit quantity and placed in
+the rightmost three bytes of the network address.
+This makes the two part address format convenient
+for specifying Class A network addresses as
+.Dq Li net.host .
+.Pp
+When only one part is given, the value is stored
+directly in the network address without any byte
+rearrangement.
+.Pp
+All numbers supplied as
+.Dq parts
+in a dot notation
+may be decimal, octal, or hexadecimal, as specified
+in the C language (i.e., a leading 0x or 0X implies
+hexadecimal; a leading 0 implies octal;
+otherwise, the number is interpreted as decimal).
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr byteorder 3 ,
+.Xr gethostbyname 3 ,
+.Xr getnetent 3 ,
+.Xr inet_lnaof 3 ,
+.Xr inet_net 3 ,
+.Xr inet_ntop 3 ,
+.Xr hosts 5 ,
+.Xr networks 5
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Nm inet_addr
+and
+.Nm inet_aton
+functions conform to
+.St -p1003.1-2008 .
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm inet_addr
+and
+.Nm inet_network
+functions appeared in
+.Bx 4.2 .
+The
+.Nm inet_aton
+and
+.Nm inet_ntoa
+functions appeared in
+.Bx 4.3 .
+.Sh BUGS
+The value
+.Dv INADDR_NONE
+(0xffffffff) is a valid broadcast address, but
+.Fn inet_addr
+cannot return that value without indicating failure.
+Also,
+.Fn inet_addr
+should have been designed to return a
+.Li struct in_addr .
+The newer
+.Fn inet_aton
+function does not share these problems, and almost all existing code
+should be modified to use
+.Fn inet_aton
+instead.
+.Pp
+The problem of host byte ordering versus network byte ordering is
+confusing.
+.Pp
+The string returned by
+.Fn inet_ntoa
+resides in a static memory area.
--- /dev/null
+.\" $OpenBSD: inet_lnaof.3,v 1.1 2014/04/19 11:18:01 guenther Exp $
+.\" $NetBSD: inet.3,v 1.7 1997/06/18 02:25:24 lukem Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1990, 1991, 1993
+.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\" without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\" @(#)inet.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
+.\"
+.Dd $Mdocdate: April 19 2014 $
+.Dt INET_LNAOF 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm inet_makeaddr ,
+.Nm inet_netof ,
+.Nm inet_lnaof
+.Nd routines for manipulating classful Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) addresses
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.In arpa/inet.h
+.Ft struct in_addr
+.Fn inet_makeaddr "in_addr_t net" "in_addr_t lna"
+.Ft in_addr_t
+.Fn inet_netof "struct in_addr in"
+.Ft in_addr_t
+.Fn inet_lnaof "struct in_addr in"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+As originally designed,
+IP version 4 split each address into a network part and local network
+address part, encoding that split into the address itself.
+It is frequency-encoded;
+the most-significant bit is clear in Class A addresses,
+in which the high-order 8 bits are the network number.
+Class B addresses use the high-order 16 bits as the network field,
+and Class C addresses have a 24-bit network part.
+.Pp
+The routine
+.Fn inet_makeaddr
+takes an Internet network number and a local
+network address and constructs an Internet address
+from it.
+.Pp
+The routines
+.Fn inet_netof
+and
+.Fn inet_lnaof
+break apart Internet host addresses, returning
+the network number and local network address part,
+respectively.
+.Pp
+All Internet addresses are returned in network
+order (bytes ordered from left to right).
+All network numbers and local address parts are
+returned as machine format integer values.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr getnetent 3 ,
+.Xr inet_addr 3 ,
+.Xr inet_net 3 ,
+.Xr hosts 5 ,
+.Xr networks 5
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm inet_makeaddr ,
+.Nm inet_lnaof ,
+and
+.Nm inet_netof
+functions appeared in
+.Bx 4.2 .
--- /dev/null
+.\" $OpenBSD: inet_ntop.3,v 1.1 2014/04/19 11:18:01 guenther Exp $
+.\" $NetBSD: inet.3,v 1.7 1997/06/18 02:25:24 lukem Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1990, 1991, 1993
+.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\" without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\" @(#)inet.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
+.\"
+.Dd $Mdocdate: April 19 2014 $
+.Dt INET_NTOP 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm inet_ntop ,
+.Nm inet_pton
+.Nd convert Internet addresses between presentation and network formats
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.In arpa/inet.h
+.Ft const char *
+.Fn inet_ntop "int af" "const void * restrict src" "char * restrict dst" "socklen_t size"
+.Ft int
+.Fn inet_pton "int af" "const char * restrict src" "void * restrict dst"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn inet_pton
+function converts a presentation format address (that is, printable form
+as held in a character string) to network format (usually a
+.Li struct in_addr
+or some other internal binary representation, in network byte order).
+It returns 1 if the address was valid for the specified address family;
+0 if the address wasn't parseable in the specified address family; or \-1
+if some system error occurred (in which case
+.Va errno
+will have been set).
+This function is presently valid for
+.Dv AF_INET
+and
+.Dv AF_INET6 .
+.Pp
+The function
+.Fn inet_ntop
+converts an address from network format to presentation format.
+It returns
+.Dv NULL
+if a system
+error occurs (in which case,
+.Va errno
+will have been set), or it returns a pointer to the destination string.
+.Pp
+All Internet addresses are returned in network
+order (bytes ordered from left to right).
+.Sh INTERNET ADDRESSES (IP VERSION 4)
+Values must be specified using the standard dot notation:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+a.b.c.d
+.Ed
+.Pp
+All four parts must be decimal numbers between 0 and 255, inclusive.
+.Sh INTERNET ADDRESSES (IP VERSION 6)
+In order to support scoped IPv6 addresses,
+.Xr getaddrinfo 3
+and
+.Xr getnameinfo 3
+are recommended rather than the functions presented here.
+.Pp
+The presentation format of an IPv6 address is given in RFC 4291:
+.Pp
+There are three conventional forms for representing IPv6 addresses as
+text strings:
+.Bl -enum
+.It
+The preferred form is x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x, where the 'x's are the
+hexadecimal values of the eight 16-bit pieces of the address.
+Examples:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210
+1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Note that it is not necessary to write the leading zeros in an
+individual field, but there must be at least one numeral in
+every field (except for the case described in 2.).
+.It
+Due to the method of allocating certain styles of IPv6
+addresses, it will be common for addresses to contain long
+strings of zero bits.
+In order to make writing addresses
+containing zero bits easier, a special syntax is available to
+compress the zeros.
+The use of
+.Dq \&:\&:
+indicates multiple groups
+of 16 bits of zeros.
+The
+.Dq \&:\&:
+can only appear once in an
+address.
+The
+.Dq \&:\&:
+can also be used to compress the leading and/or trailing zeros in an address.
+.Pp
+For example the following addresses:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A a unicast address
+FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:43 a multicast address
+0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 the loopback address
+0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 the unspecified addresses
+.Ed
+.Pp
+may be represented as:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+1080::8:800:200C:417A a unicast address
+FF01::43 a multicast address
+::1 the loopback address
+:: the unspecified addresses
+.Ed
+.It
+An alternative form that is sometimes more convenient when
+dealing with a mixed environment of IPv4 and IPv6 nodes is
+x:x:x:x:x:x:d.d.d.d, where the 'x's are the hexadecimal values
+of the six high-order 16-bit pieces of the address, and the 'd's
+are the decimal values of the four low-order 8-bit pieces of the
+address (standard IPv4 representation).
+Examples:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+0:0:0:0:0:0:13.1.68.3
+0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:129.144.52.38
+.Ed
+.Pp
+or in compressed form:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+::13.1.68.3
+::FFFF:129.144.52.38
+.Ed
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr gethostbyname 3 ,
+.Xr inet_addr 3 ,
+.Xr inet_net 3 ,
+.Xr hosts 5
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Nm inet_ntop
+and
+.Nm inet_pton
+functions conform to the IETF IPv6 BSD API and address formatting
+specifications, as well as
+.St -p1003.1-2008 .
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm inet_pton
+and
+.Nm inet_ntop
+functions appeared in BIND 4.9.4.
+.Sh CAVEATS
+Note that
+.Nm inet_pton
+does not accept 1-, 2-, or 3-part dotted addresses;
+all four parts must be specified and must be in decimal
+(and not octal or hexadecimal).
+This is a narrower input set than that accepted by
+.Nm inet_aton .
+.Pp
+.Rs
+.%A R. Gilligan
+.%A S. Thomson
+.%A J. Bound
+.%A J. McCann
+.%A W. Stevens
+.%D February 2003
+.%R RFC 3493
+.%T Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6
+.Re
+.Pp
+.Rs
+.%A R. Hinden
+.%A S. Deering
+.%D February 2006
+.%R RFC 4291
+.%T IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture
+.Re
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