-# @(#)africa 7.13
+# $OpenBSD: africa,v 1.4 1997/01/14 04:36:47 millert Exp $
+# @(#)africa 7.16
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
#
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
-# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
+#
+# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.
+#
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
+# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# Omit `.' from abbreviations in names, e.g. prefer `St_Helena'
# to `St._Helena'.
#
-# We typically use traditional English time zone abbreviations,
-# and assume that applications translate them to other languages
-# as part of the normal localization process.
+# For time zone abbreviations like `EST' I used the following rules,
+# in decreasing order of importance:
+#
+# Use abbreviations that consist of 3 or more upper-case Ascii letters,
+# except use "___" for locations while uninhabited.
+# Posix.1 requires at least 3 characters, and the restriction to
+# upper-case Ascii letters follows most traditions.
+# Previous editions of this database also used characters like
+# ' ' and '?', but these characters have a special meaning to
+# the shell and cause commands like
+# set `date`
+# to have unexpected effects. In theory, the character set could
+# be !%./@A-Z^_a-z{}, but these tables use only upper-case
+# Ascii letters (and "___").
+# Use abbreviations that are in common use among English-speakers,
+# e.g. `EST' for Eastern Standard Time in North America.
+# We assume that applications translate them to other languages
+# as part of the normal localization process; for example,
+# a French application might translate `EST' to `HNE'.
+# For zones whose times are taken from a city's longitude, use the
+# traditional xMT notation, e.g. `PMT' for Paris Mean Time.
+# The only name like this in current use is `GMT'.
+# If there is no common English abbreviation, abbreviate the English
+# translation of the usual phrase used by native speakers.
+# If this is not available or is a phrase mentioning the country
+# (e.g. ``Cape Verde Time''), then:
+#
+# When a country has a single or principal time zone region,
+# append `T' to the country's ISO code, e.g. `CVT' for
+# Cape Verde Time. For summer time append `ST';
+# for double summer time append `DST'; etc.
+# When a country has multiple time zones, take the first three
+# letters of an English place name identifying each zone
+# and then append `T', `ST', etc. as before;
+# e.g. `MOSST' for MOScow Summer Time.
#
-# I made up the following time zone abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
+#
+# For Africa I invented the following time zone abbreviations.
# LMT Local Mean Time
-# -2:00 CVT Cape Verde Time (no longer used)
-# -1:00 AAT Atlantic Africa Time
+# -1:00 AAT Atlantic Africa Time (no longer used)
# 0:00 WAT West Africa Time
# 1:00 CAT Central Africa Time
# 2:00 SAT South Africa Time
# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
-# 4:00 SMT Seychelles and Mascarene Time
# The final `T' is replaced by `ST' for summer time, e.g. `SAST'.
# BEAT is British East Africa Time, which was 2:30 before 1948 and 2:45 after.
# Algeria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun<=7 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon<=7 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon<=7 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
- 0:00 Algeria WET%s 1940 Feb 25 2:00
- 1:00 Algeria MET%s 1946 Oct 7
+ 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
+ 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
- 1:00 - MET 1963 Apr 14
- 0:00 Algeria WET%s 1977 Oct 21
- 1:00 Algeria MET%s 1979 Oct 26
- 0:00 Algeria WET%s 1981 May
- 1:00 - MET
+ 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
+ 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
+ 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
+ 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
+ 1:00 - CET
# Angola
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892
- 0:52 - LMT 1911 May 26 # Luanda Mean Time
+ 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 May 26 # Luanda Mean Time?
1:00 - CAT
# Bassas da India
-2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
-2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
-2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
- -1:00 - AAT
+ -1:00 - CVT
# Central African Republic
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Egypt
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# Egypt: DST from first day of May to first of October (ending may
# also be on Sept 30th not 31st -- you might want to ask one of the
# soc.* groups, you might hit someone who could ask an embassy).
# DST since 1960 except for 1981-82.
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# EGYPT 2 H AHEAD OF UTC
# EGYPT 3 H AHEAD OF UTC MAY 17 - SEP 30 (AFTER
# EGYPT RAMADAN)
# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1966 max - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Egypt 1990 max - May 1 1:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Egypt 1966 1990 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1990 only - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1991 1994 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1991 1994 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1995 max - Sep lastFri 0:00 0 -
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct
- 2:00 Egypt EET%s
+ 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
# Equatorial Guinea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Eritrea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Asmera 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
- 2:36 - AMT 1890 # Asmera Mean Time
- 2:35 - AAMT 1936 May 5 # Addis Ababa MT
+ 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmera Mean Time
+ 2:35:20 - AAMT 1936 May 5 # Addis Ababa MT?
3:00 - EAT
# Ethiopia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
- 2:35 - AAMT 1936 May 5 # Addis Ababa MT
+ 2:35:20 - AAMT 1936 May 5 # Addis Ababa MT?
3:00 - EAT
# Europa Island
# Gambia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912
- -1:07 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
+ -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
-1:00 - AAT 1964
0:00 - WAT
# Ghana
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
-# WATDT is my invention for ``West Africa one-Third Daylight Time''.
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
+# WATST is my invention for ``West Africa one-Third Summer Time''.
# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks.
-Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 WATDT
+Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 WATST
Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 WAT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
# uninhabited
# Kenya
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
# Shanks says the transition to 2:45 was in 1940, but it must have been 1948.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
2:00 - SAT
# Liberia
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
# from a GMT offset that was not a multiple of 15 minutes.
# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
-0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
- -0:44:30 - LST 1972 May # Liberia Standard Time
+ -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
0:00 - WAT
###############################################################################
# From Bob Devine (January 28 1988):
# Libya: Since 1982 April 1st to September 30th (?)
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# LIBYAN ARAB 1 H AHEAD OF UTC JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA
# LIBYAN ARAB 2 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 1 - SEP 30 JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA
# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1987 1990 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1990 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Libya 1990 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1996 max - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1996 max - Sep 30 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
- 1:00 Libya MET%s 1959
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
2:00 - EET 1982
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
-# usno1995 (from OAG) says Libya uses 2:00 all year, as they did before 1982.
-# We don't know when they switched back. We'll guess 1991.
- 1:00 Libya MET%s 1991
- 2:00 - EET
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1991
+ 2:00 - EET 1996 Mar 30 3:00
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT
# Madagascar
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Mauritius
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
- 4:00 - SMT
+ 4:00 - MUT # Mauritius Time
# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
3:00 - EAT
# Morocco
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
- 0:00 Morocco WET%s 1984 Mar 16
- 1:00 - MET 1986
+ 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
+ 1:00 - CET 1986
+ 0:00 - WET
+# Western Sahara
+Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan
+ -1:00 - AAT 1976 Apr 14
0:00 - WET
-# The following are controlled by Spain, and are like Europe/Madrid:
-# Alboran, Alhucemas Is, Ceuta, Chafarinas Is, Melilla.
# Mozambique
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2:00 - SAT
# Namibia
+# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
2:00 - SAT 1942 Sep 20 2:00
2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
- 2:00 - SAT
+ 2:00 Namibia SA%sT
# Niger
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Reunion
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
- 4:00 - SMT
+ 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time
# Rwanda
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# St Helena
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
- -0:06 - ?MT 1951 # a typo in Shanks?
+ -0:06 - SHT 1951 # St Helena Time (?)
0:00 - GMT
# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, says Whitman
# Sao Tome and Principe
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
- -0:37 - ?MT 1912 # a typo in Shanks?
+ -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
0:00 - WAT
# Senegal
# Seychelles
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
- 4:00 - SMT
+ 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
# Sierra Leone
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882
- -0:53 - FMT 1913 Jun
+ -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
-1:00 SL AA%sT 1957
0:00 SL WA%sT
# Somalia
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
# Shanks omits the 1948 transition to 2:45; this is probably a typo.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
# no information
# Sudan
-# From Michael Ross <mross@antigone.com> (November 15, 1995):
+# From Michael Ross <mross@antigone.com> (1995-11-15):
# Sudan no longer observes any form of daylight time change.
# I verified this today by telephone with the Sudan Mission to the
# United Nations: 212-573-6033
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
- 2:00 Sudan EET%s
+ 2:00 Sudan EE%sT
# Swaziland
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Tunisia
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Tunisia 1988 max - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Tunisia 1991 max - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
# Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
- 1:00 Tunisia MET%s
+ 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
# Uganda
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
1:00 - CAT
-Zone Africa/Lumumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
+Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
2:00 - SAT
# Zambia
-# @(#)antarctica 7.3
+# $OpenBSD: antarctica,v 1.3 1997/01/14 04:36:48 millert Exp $
+# @(#)antarctica 7.5
-# From Arthur David Olson (February 13, 1988):
-# No data available.
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
+# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round;
+# see <URL:http://earth.agu.org/amen/nations.html> (1996-05-24).
+# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
+#
+# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
+# FORMAT is `___' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
-# Balleny Is
+# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
+Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule ArgAQ 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule ArgAQ 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
+Rule ChileAQ 1969 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule ChileAQ 1970 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 -
-# British Antarctic Territories include
-# South Orkney Is
-# South Shetland Is
-# Bouvet
-# uninhabited
+# Argentina - 6 year-round bases
+# General Belgrano II
+# 5 others
-# French Southern and Antarctic Lands (no indigenous inhabitants) include
-# Amsterdam Island
-# Crozet Is
-# Kerguelen Is
-# St Paul Island
+# Australia - territories
+# Heard Island, McDonald Islands
+#
+# year-round bases
+# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, since 1969
+# Davis, Vestfold Hills, since 1957-01-13 (except 1965-01 - 1969-02)
+# Mawson, Holme Bay, since 1954-02-13
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - ___ 1969
+ 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time
+#Zone Antartica/Davis unknown
+Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - ___ 1954 Feb 13
+ 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time
+# References:
+# <URL:http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html> (1996-07-15)
+# <URL:http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html> (1996-04-19)
-# Heard Island, McDonald Is
-# uninhabited
+# Brazil - year-round base
+# Ferraz, King George Island, since 1983/4
-# Peter I Island
+# Chile - 4 year-round bases
+
+# China - year-round bases
+# Great Wall, King George Island, since 1985-02-20
+# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, since 1989-02-26
+
+# Finland - year-round base
+# Aboa, Queen Maud Land, since 1988
+
+# France
+#
+# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
+# Amsterdam Island
+# Crozet Islands
+# Kerguelen Islands
+# St Paul Island
+#
+# year-round base
+# Dumont d'Urville, Adelie Land, since IGY
+
+# Germany - year-round base
+# Georg von Neumayer
+
+# India - year-round base
+# Dakshin Gangotri
+
+# Japan - year-round bases
+# Dome Fuji
+# Syowa
+
+# S Korea - year-round base
+# King Sejong, King George Island, since 1988
+
+# New Zealand - claims
+# Balleny Islands
# Scott Island
+#
+# year-round base
+# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
+#
+# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
+Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
+
+# Norway - territories
+# Bouvet (uninhabited)
+#
+# claims
+# Peter I Island (uninhabited)
+
+# Poland - year-round base
+# Arctowski, King George Island, since 1977
+
+# Russia - year-round bases
+# Bellingshausen, King George Island
+# Mirny
+# Molodezhnaya
+# Novolazarevskaya
+# Vostok
+
+# S Africa - year-round bases
+# Marion Island
+# Sanae
+
+# UK
+#
+# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
+# South Orkney Islands
+# South Shetland Islands
+#
+# year-round bases
+# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-2619, since 1956-01-06
+# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
+
+# Uruguay - year round base
+# Artigas, King George Island
+
+# USA - year-round bases
+#
+# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
+#
+# From Ethan Dicks <erd@mcmsun5.mcmurdo.gov> (1996-10-06):
+# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
+# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
+# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
+# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
+# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - ___ 1965
+ -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May
+ -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT
+#
+#
+# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1956
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - ___ 1956
+ 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT
+#
+# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, since 1957-01-23
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
+# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
+# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
+#
+# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-27):
+# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
+# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
+# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
+# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
+# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
+# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
+#
+# From Susan Smith <URL:http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html>
+# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300): We use the same time as McMurdo does.
+# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
+# One last quirk about South Pole time.
+# All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
+# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
+# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days,
+# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
+# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
+#
+Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
-# @(#)asia 7.23
+# $OpenBSD: asia,v 1.5 1997/01/14 04:36:48 millert Exp $
+# @(#)asia 7.27
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
#
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
#
+# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.
+#
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
+# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
+#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
# Corrections are welcome!
# std dst
# LMT Local Mean Time
-# LST Local Star Time (Russian ``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'')
-# 2:00 EET EET DST Eastern European Time
+# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
# 2:00 IST IDT Israel
# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
-# 3:00 BSK BSD Baku (was 4:00)*
-# 3:30 IST IDT Iran
-# 4:00 AMST AMDT Armenia (was 3:00) (was YSK, YSD)*
-# 4:00 TBSK TBSD Tbilisi (was 3:00)*
-# 4:00 GST GDT Gulf*
-# 4:30 AFT Afghanistan*
-# 5:00 ASK ASD Aktau (was SHSK, SHSD)*
-# 5:00 ASK ASD Ashkhabad (was 4:00)*
-# 5:00 BSK BSD Bishkek (was 6:00) (was FSK, FSD)*
-# 5:00 PKT Pakistan*
-# 5:00 TSK TSD Tashkent (was 6:00)*
-# 5:30 IST IST India
-# 5:45 NPT Nepal*
-# 6:00 AASK AASD Alma-Ata (was 5:00)*
-# 6:00 BGT Bengal, Bangladesh*
-# 6:00 DSK DSD Dushanbe (was 5:00)*
-# 6:30 BMT Burma*
+# 4:00 GST Gulf*
+# 5:30 IST India
# 7:00 ICT Indochina*
-# 7:00 JVT Java*
-# 8:00 BNT Borneo, Brunei*
-# 8:00 CST CDT China
-# 8:00 HKT HKST Hong Kong
-# 8:00 PST PDT Philippines*
-# 8:00 SGT Singapore
-# 8:00 UST UDT Ulan Bator*
-# 9:00 JST JDT Japan
-# 9:00 KST KDT Korea
-# 9:00 MLT Moluccas*
-# 9:30 CST Australian Central Standard Time
+# 8:00 CST China
+# 9:00 JST Japan
+# 9:00 KST Korea
+# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
#
# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
#
-# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
+# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
# From Guy Harris:
# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
###############################################################################
-# These rules for Russia are stolen from the `europe' file.
+# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K
-Rule RussiaAsia 1984 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K
-Rule RussiaAsia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
+Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
+Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
+Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Afghanistan
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
- 4:00 - GST 1945
+ 4:00 - AFT 1945
4:30 - AFT
# Armenia
# <edd@AIC.NET> reported today that Yerevan probably won't use DST this year,
# though it did use DST in 1995. We guess Yerevan stayed in sync with Moscow
# between 1990 and 1995, but stopped using DST in 1996.
-# Der-Danieliantz also asked for a better abbreviation than `YSK'
-# after independence. Apparently no abbreviation is in common use;
-# use `AMST/AMDT' since `AM' is the ISO country code for Armenia.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Armenia 1992 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 S
-Rule Armenia 1992 1995 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Armenia 1991 1995 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Armenia 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 3:00 - YSK 1957 Mar
- 4:00 RussiaAsia YS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 3:00 1:00 YSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 3:00 - AMST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 4:00 Armenia AM%sT 1996
- 4:00 - AMST
+ 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
+ 3:00 Armenia AM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Armenia Time
+ 4:00 Armenia AM%sT
# Azerbaijan
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 3:00 - BSK 1957 Mar
- 4:00 RussiaAsia BS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 3:00 1:00 BSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 3:00 - BSK
-# Shanks has Baku using Russian DST rules after 1991,
-# but usno1995 has Azerbaijan with no DST. Go with usno1995.
+ 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
+ 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
+ 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
+ 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT
# Bahrain
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Bangladesh
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dacca 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
- 5:53 - CMT 1941 Oct # Calcutta Mean Time
- 6:30 - BMT 1942 May 15
+ 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
+ 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
- 6:30 - BMT 1951 Sep 30
- 6:00 - BGT
+ 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
+ 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
+ 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time
# Bhutan
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Thimbu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15
5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
- 6:00 - BGT
+ 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
# British Indian Ocean Territory
# From Whitman:
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Chagos 5:00 - PKT
+Zone Indian/Chagos 5:00 - IOT # BIOT Time
# Brunei
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Burma / Myanmar
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
- 6:25 - RMT 1920
- 6:30 - BMT 1942 May
+ 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
+ 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
- 6:30 - BMT
+ 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
# Cambodia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
- 7:06 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT
+ 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
7:00 - ICT 1912 May
8:00 - ICT 1931 May
7:00 - ICT
# From Guy Harris:
# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
-# No they don't. See TIME mag, February 17, 1986 p.52. Even though
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
+# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
# 1987 mid-April - ??
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
-# Shanks writes that China switched from the Chinese calendar on 1912 Feb 12.
-# He also writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1,
+# Shanks writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1,
# observing summer DST from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
# Go with Shanks for now. I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones.
Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928
- 8:30 - MAT 1932 Mar # Manchuria
+ 8:30 - HART 1932 Mar # Harbin Time
8:00 - CST 1940
- 9:00 - KST 1966 May
- 8:30 - MAT 1980 May
+ 9:00 - HART 1966 May
+ 8:30 - HART 1980 May
8:00 PRC C%sT
Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
8:00 PRC C%sT
Zone Asia/Chungking 7:06:20 - LMT 1928
- 7:00 - ICT 1980 May
+ 7:00 - CHUT 1980 May # Chungking Time
8:00 PRC C%sT
Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
- 6:00 - URT 1980 May # Urumqi
+ 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
8:00 PRC C%sT
Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928
- 5:30 - ETT 1940 # Eastern Turkestan
- 5:00 - ETT 1980 May
+ 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
+ 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
8:00 PRC C%sT
###############################################################################
Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
- 8:00 HK HK%sT
+ 8:00 HK HK%sT 1997 Jul 1 # return to China
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
# Macao
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Macao 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
-Rule Macao 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 S
-Rule Macao 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Macao 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
-Rule Macao 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Macao 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 S
-Rule Macao 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
-Rule Macao 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 S
-Rule Macao 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Macao 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
-Rule Macao 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 S
-Rule Macao 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 D
-Rule Macao 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Macao 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
+Rule Macao 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule Macao 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
+Rule Macao 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Macao 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule Macao 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Macao 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
+Rule Macao 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule Macao 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
+Rule Macao 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Macao 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Macao 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
+Rule Macao 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule Macao 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Macao 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Macao 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
- 8:00 Macao C%sT
+ 8:00 Macao MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
###############################################################################
# Cyprus
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
-Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
-Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
Rule Cyprus 1979 max - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Cyprus 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Cyprus 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
- 2:00 Cyprus EET%s
+ 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT
# Georgia
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-11-19):
# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (1995-11-13):
-# usno1995 has Georgia at 4:00. Guess that Georgia stopped transitions
-# after spring 1994 (thus sticking at 4:00).
-# Most likely we're still missing some rule changes between 1991 and 1994.
+# From Mathew Englander <mathew@io.org>, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
+# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
+# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
+# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
- 2:59 - LST 1924 May 2
- 3:00 - TBSK 1957 Mar
- 4:00 RussiaAsia TBS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 3:00 1:00 TBSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 3:00 RussiaAsia TBS%s 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
- 4:00 - TBSK
+ 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
+ 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
+ 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
+ 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
+ 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
+ 5:00 - GET
# India
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880
- 5:53 - CMT 1941 Oct # Calcutta Mean Time
- 6:30 - BMT 1942 May 15
+ 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
+ 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
5:30 - IST
# Indonesia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
- 7:07 - JMT 1924 Jan 1 0:13
- 7:20 - JVT 1932 Nov
- 7:30 - JVT 1942 Mar 23
+ 7:07:12 - JMT 1924 Jan 1 0:13 # Jakarta MT
+ 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
+ 7:30 - JAVT 1942 Mar 23
9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
- 7:30 - JVT 1948 May
- 8:00 - JVT 1950 May
- 7:30 - JVT 1964
- 7:00 - JVT
+ 7:30 - JAVT 1948 May
+ 8:00 - JAVT 1950 May
+ 7:30 - JAVT 1964
+ 7:00 - JAVT
Zone Asia/Ujung_Pandang 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
- 7:58 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar Mean Time
- 8:00 - BNT 1942 Feb 9
+ 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
+ 8:00 - BORT 1942 Feb 9 # Borneo Time
9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
- 8:00 - BNT
+ 8:00 - BORT
Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
- 9:00 - MLT 1944
+ 9:00 - JAYT 1944 # Jayapura Time
9:30 - CST 1964
- 9:00 - MLT
+ 9:00 - JAYT
# Iran
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-12-17), following up a suggestion by Rich Wales:
+# Ahmad Alavi <URL:http://tehran.stanford.edu/Iran_Lib/Calendar/taghveem.txt>
+# (1993-08-04) writes ``Daylight saving time in Iran starts from the first day
+# of Farvardin and ends the first day of Mehr.'' This disagrees with the SSIM:
+#
+# DST start DST end
+# year SSIM Alavi SSIM Alavi
+# 1991 05-03!= 03-21 09-20!= 09-23
+# 1992 03-22!= 03-21 09-23 09-23
+# 1993 03-21 03-21 09-23 09-23
+# 1994 03-21 03-21 09-22!= 09-23
+# 1995 03-21 03-21 09-22!= 09-23
+# 1996 03-21!= 03-20 09-21!= 09-22
+# 1997 03-21 03-21 09-21!= 09-23
+#
+# Go with Alavi starting with 1992.
+# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 19.34 to compute Persian dates.
+# The Persian calendar is based on the sun, and dates after around 2050
+# are approximate; stop after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 1991 only - Sep 20 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2024 2025 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2024 2025 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2026 2027 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2026 2027 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
- 3:26 - TMT 1946
- 3:30 - IST 1977 Nov
- 4:00 Iran G%sT 1979
- 3:30 Iran I%sT
+ 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
+ 3:30 - IRT 1977 Nov
+ 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
+ 3:30 Iran IR%sT
# Iraq
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iraq 1985 max - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
-Rule Iraq 1986 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
+Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
+# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
+Rule Iraq 1991 max - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Iraq 1991 max - Oct 1 3:00s 0 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
- 2:58 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time
+ 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
3:00 - AST 1982 May
3:00 Iraq A%sT
# Israel
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# ISRAEL 2 H AHEAD OF UTC
# ISRAEL 3 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 10 - SEP 3
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
#
# Shanks gives the following rules for Jerusalem from 1918 through 1991.
# After 1989 Shanks often disagrees with Silverberg; we go with Silverberg.
Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
-#Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 D
-#Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 2 0:00 0 S
-#Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
-#Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
-#Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 10 0:00 1:00 D
-#Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
# From Ephraim Silverberg (1996-01-02):
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0:00 S
+Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0:00 S
+Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0:00 S
+Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0:00 S
+Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0:00 S
+Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
# calling the switchboard at 972-2-701411 and asking for the spokeswoman.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0:00 S
-Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0:00 S
+Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
# The dates for 1996-1998 were also obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman
# for the Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The official announcement
#
# ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/misc/timezones/announcements/1996-1998.ps.gz
#
-# Emptor Caveat: The dates for the years 1996-1998 were originally announced
-# on August 31, 1995, by the previous Minister of Interior. The new Minister
-# of Interior changed the dates on January 1, 1996, to take into account the
+# Caveat emptor: The dates for the years 1996-1998 were originally announced
+# on 1995-08-31, by the previous Minister of Interior. The new Minister
+# of Interior changed the dates on 1996-01-01, to take into account the
# desires of certain portions of Israeli society (the next election is in the
# Fall of 1996). After this (1996) year's Daylight Savings Time is over, the
# new minister has announced that a study will be conducted as to the wishes of
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Zion 1996 1998 - Mar Fri>=14 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0:00 S
-Rule Zion 1997 1998 - Oct Sun>=14 0:00 0:00 S
+Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1997 1998 - Oct Sun>=14 0:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
- 2:21 - JMT 1918
+ 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
2:00 Zion I%sT
#Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
# but the only locations using it were US military bases.
# We go with Shanks and omit daylight saving in those years for Asia/Tokyo.
-#
-# The same news article also reports that Japan is likely to go on DST in 1996
-# as follows, where I've guessed the AT and LETTER/S columns:
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-#Rule Japan 1996 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-#Rule Japan 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# From Shanks (1991):
-# Japan switched from the Japanese calendar on 1893 Jan 1.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:19:04 - LMT 1896
9:00 - JST
-# If Japan adopts DST in 1996, replace the above line with the following lines:
-# 9:00 - JST 1996
-# 9:00 Japan J%sT
-# and uncomment the two `Rule' lines commented out above.
-
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
-# Shanks says that the far southern Ryukyu Is (Nansei-Shoto) are 8:00,
-# but we haven't confirmed this.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-#Zone Asia/Ishigaki 8:16:36 - LMT 1896
-# 8:00 - CST
+Zone Asia/Ishigaki 8:16:36 - LMT 1896
+ 8:00 - CST
# There is no information for Marcus.
# Other Japanese possessions are probably like Asia/Tokyo.
# Jordan
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
-# Most likely Shanks is merely guessing dates from 1992 on.
-# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1992 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Jordan 1992 max - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1993 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1995 max - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
- 2:00 Jordan EET%s
+ 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
# Kazakhstan
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-04-19):
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# Andrew Evtichov <evti@chevron.com> (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
-# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aktau is the biggest city
-# in western Kazakhstan. Follow Shanks before 1991, Evtichov afterwards.
+# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
+# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
+# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
+# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
+#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Alma-Ata 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Almaty
- 5:00 - AASK 1957 Mar
- 6:00 RussiaAsia AAS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 1:00 AASD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 5:00 - AASK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 6:00 RussiaAsia AAS%s
-Zone Asia/Aktau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Aqtau
- 4:00 - SHSK 1957 Mar # Fort Shevchenko
- 5:00 RussiaAsia SHS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 1:00 ASD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 4:00 - ASK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia AS%s
+ 5:00 - ALMT 1957 Mar # Alma-Ata Time
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 1:00 ALMST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 5:00 - ALMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 6:00 E-EurAsia ALM%sT
+Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 4:00 - AKT 1957 Mar # Aktyubinsk Time
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia AK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 1:00 AKTST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 4:00 - AQTT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Aqtobe Time
+ 5:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT
+Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Aktau
+ 4:00 - SHET 1957 Mar # Fort Shevchenko Time
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 1:00 AQTST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 4:00 - AQTT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Aqtau Time
+ 5:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT 1995 Sep lastSun
+ 4:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT
# Kirgizstan
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Kirgiz 1992 max - Apr Sun>=7 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Kirgiz 1991 max - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 5:00 - FSK 1957 Mar # Frunze
- 6:00 RussiaAsia FS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 1:00 FSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia BS%s
+ 5:00 - FRUT 1957 Mar # Frunze Time
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 # independence
+ 5:00 Kirgiz KG%sT # Kirgizstan Time
###############################################################################
# Laos
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
- 7:06 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT
+ 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
7:00 - ICT 1912 May
8:00 - ICT 1931 May
7:00 - ICT
# Lebanon
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Lebanon 1984 max - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Lebanon 1990 max - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
+Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
+Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
- 2:00 Lebanon EET%s
+ 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
# Malaysia
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS
+Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:48 - LMT 1880
- 6:55 - SMT 1905 Jun
- 7:00 - SGT 1933
- 7:20 - SGT 1942 Feb 15
+ 6:55:24 - SMT 1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time
+ 7:00 - MALT 1933 # Malaya Time
+ 7:20 - MALT 1942 Feb 15
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
- 7:20 - SGT 1950
- 7:30 - SGT 1982 May
- 8:00 - SGT
+ 7:20 - MALT 1950
+ 7:30 - MALT 1982 May
+ 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
+Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
+ 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
+ 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
+ 8:00 - BORT 1982 May
+ 8:00 - MYT
# Maldives
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
- 4:54 - MMT 1960
- 5:00 - PKT
+Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
+ 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
+ 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
# Mongolia
-# Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones,
-# but usno1995 and http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif
+# Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and
+# <URL:http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif> (1995)
# both say that it has just one.
# Let's comment out the western and eastern Mongolian time zones
# till we know what their principal towns are.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 T
-Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Mongol 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 T
-Rule Mongol 1985 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 S
+Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Mongol 1985 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Mongol 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
+Rule Mongol 1991 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Mongol 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Mongol 1996 max - Oct Fri>=22 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#Zone Asia/Dariv 6:14:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
-# 6:00 - DST 1978
-# 7:00 Mongol D%sT
+# 6:00 - DART 1978 # Dariv Time
+# 7:00 Mongol DAR%sT
Zone Asia/Ulan_Bator 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
- 7:00 - UST 1978
- 8:00 Mongol U%sT
+ 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulan Bator Time
+ 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
#Zone Asia/Baruun-Urt 7:33:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
-# 8:00 - BST 1978
-# 9:00 Mongol B%sT
+# 8:00 - BART 1978 # Baruun-Urt Time
+# 9:00 Mongol BAR%sT
# Nepal
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
5:30 - IST 1986
- 5:45 - NPT
+ 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
# Oman
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
- 5:00 - PKT
+ 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
+ 5:00 - PKT # Pakistan Time
# Palestine
# These rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
-Rule EgyptAsia 1966 max - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
+Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2:00 - EET 1957 May 10
- 2:00 EgyptAsia EET%s 1967 Jun 30
+ 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 30
2:00 Zion I%sT
-# This will undoubtedly change soon.
# Paracel Is
# no information
# Howse writes (p 162) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
# The rest of this data is from Shanks.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
+Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844
8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
- 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May
+ 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
- 8:00 Phil P%sT
+ 8:00 Phil PH%sT
# Qatar
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Singapore
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:24 - LMT 1880
- 6:55 - SMT 1905 Jun
- 7:00 - SGT 1933
- 7:20 - SGT 1942 Feb 15
+ 6:55:24 - SMT 1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time
+ 7:00 - MALT 1933 # Malaya Time
+ 7:20 - MALT 1942 Feb 15
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
- 7:20 - SGT 1950
- 7:30 - SGT 1982 May
+ 7:20 - MALT 1950
+ 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
+ 7:30 - SGT 1982 May # Singapore Time
8:00 - SGT
# Spratly Is
# no information
# Sri Lanka
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
+# <URL:http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html> (1996-05-24)
+# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
+# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
+# Transitions before 1996 are from Shanks (1991).
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
- 5:20 - JMT 1906
+ 5:20 - CEYT 1906 # Ceylon Time
5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
- 5:30 - IST
+ 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
+ 6:30 - LKT # Sri Lanka Time
# Syria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1990 max - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Syria 1990 max - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
+# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1997-03-31; assume that it should be 1997-04-01.
+Rule Syria 1994 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1994 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920
- 2:00 Syria EET%s
+ 2:00 Syria EE%sT
# Tajikistan
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 5:00 - DSK 1957 Mar
- 6:00 RussiaAsia DS%s 1991
- 6:00 - DSK
-# Shanks has Dushanbe at 5:00 (6:00 summer) after 1991 Sep 29 3:00,
-# but usno1995 has it at 6:00. Go with usno1995.
+ 5:00 - DUST 1957 Mar # Dushanbe Time
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 # independence
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia TJ%sT 1992
+ 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
# Thailand
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
- 6:42 - BMT 1920 Apr
+ 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
7:00 - ICT
# Turkmenistan
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Ashkhabad 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 4:00 - ASK 1957 Mar
- 5:00 RussiaAsia AS%s 1991
- 5:00 - ASK
-# Shanks has Ashkhabad at 4:00 (5:00 summer) after 1991 Sep 20 3:00,
-# but usno has it at 5:00. Go with usno1995.
+Zone Asia/Ashkhabad 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashgabat
+ 4:00 - ASHT 1957 Mar # Ashkhabad Time
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 1:00 ASHST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 4:00 - ASHT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
+ 4:00 - TMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 5:00 - TMT # Turkmenistan Time
# United Arab Emirates
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Uzbekistan
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar
- 6:00 RussiaAsia TS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 1:00 TSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 5:00 - TSK
+ 5:00 - TAST 1957 Mar # Tashkent Time
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 1:00 TASST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 5:00 - UZT # Uzbekistan Time
# Shanks has Tashkent using DST after 1991, but usno1995 says they don't.
-# Go with usno1995.
-# http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif claims that
-# Uzbekistan has two time zones, but we lack data about this.
+# Guess no DST after 1991.
+# <URL:http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif> (1995)
+# says that Uzbekistan has two time zones, but a cable
+# <URL:http://www.itaiep.doc.gov/bisnis/cables/960510uz.html> (1996-05-10)
+# from the American Embassy in Tashkent implies that they have just one.
# Vietnam
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
# Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
# We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
# From Shanks (1991):
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
- 7:06 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT
+ 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
7:00 - ICT 1912 May
8:00 - ICT 1931 May
7:00 - ICT
-# @(#)australasia 7.27
+# $OpenBSD: australasia,v 1.5 1997/01/14 04:36:50 millert Exp $
+# @(#)australasia 7.31
# This file also includes Pacific islands.
# Notes are at the end of this file
8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
8:00 - WST
# Queensland
+#
+# From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01):
+# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
+# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
+# Queensland ceased to.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
+# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
+# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
+# so use Lindeman.
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Holiday 1989 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule Holiday 1990 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
10:00 1:00 EST 1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s
- 10:00 - EST 1989 Oct lastSun 2:00s
- 10:00 1:00 EST 1990 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
- 10:00 - EST 1990 Oct lastSun 2:00s
- 10:00 1:00 EST 1991 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
- 10:00 - EST 1991 Oct lastSun 2:00s
- 10:00 1:00 EST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
- 10:00 - EST
+ 10:00 AQ EST
+Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
+ 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
+ 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
+ 10:00 1:00 EST 1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s
+ 10:00 Holiday EST
# South Australia
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Australian miscellany
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
- 7:00 - JVT
+ 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
#
# Ashmore Is, Cartier
# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
# Cook Is
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HD
-Rule Cook 1979 max - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 H
-Rule Cook 1979 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HD
+Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Cook 1979 max - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Cook 1979 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
- -10:30 - CIST 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is ST
- -10:00 Cook T%sT
+ -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
+ -10:00 Cook CK%sT
# Cocos
# From USNO (1989):
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT
+Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
# Fiji
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
- 12:00 - NZST
+ 12:00 - FJT # Fiji Time
# French Polynesia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
- -9:00 - GBT
+ -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
- -9:30 - MQT
+ -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
- -10:00 - THT
+ -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
# Guam
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Kiribati
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
- 12:00 - NZST
+ 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
- -12:00 - KJT 1979 Oct
- -11:00 - SST 1995
- 13:00 - TGT
+ -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
+ -11:00 - PHOT 1995
+ 13:00 - PHOT
Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
- -10:40 - LIT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
- -10:00 - THT 1995
- 14:00 - KRT
+ -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
+ -10:00 - LINT 1995
+ 14:00 - LINT
# N Mariana Is
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Saipan 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
- 9:00 - PLT 1969 Oct
- 10:00 - GST
+ 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
+ 10:00 - MPT
# Marshall Is
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
- 11:00 - NCST 1969 Oct
- 12:00 - NZST
+ 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
+ 12:00 - MHT
Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
- 11:00 - NCST 1969 Oct
- -12:00 - KJT 1993 Aug 20
- 12:00 - NZST
+ 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
+ -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
+ 12:00 - MHT
# Micronesia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia
- 9:00 - PLT 1969 Oct
- 10:00 - GST
+ 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time
+ 10:00 - YAPT
Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
- 10:00 - GST
+ 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time
Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
- 11:00 - NCST
+ 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time
Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
- 11:00 - NCST 1969 Oct
- 12:00 - NZST
+ 11:00 - PONT 1969 Oct
+ 12:00 - KOST # Kosrae Time
# Nauru
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
- 11:30 - NST 1942 Mar 15
+ 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
- 11:30 - NST 1979 May
- 12:00 - NZST
+ 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
+ 12:00 - NRT
# New Caledonia
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 S
+Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
11:00 NC NC%sT
Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
+Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
+Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868
11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00
12:00 NZ NZ%sT
-Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 NZ CH%sT
+Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
# Antipodes Is, Kermadec Is
-# no information; probably like Pacific/Auckland
+# uninhabited except by research personnel; probably like Pacific/Auckland
###############################################################################
# Niue
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
- -11:20 - NIT 1951 # Niue I Time
- -11:30 - NIT 1978 Oct 1
- -11:00 - SST
+ -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
+ -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
+ -11:00 - NUT
# Norfolk
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
- 11:12 - NMT 1951
- 11:30 - NRFT
+ 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
+ 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
# Palau
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
- 9:00 - PLT
+ 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
# Palmyra
-# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritmati
+# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
# Papua New Guinea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
- 9:49 - PMMT 1895
- 10:00 - EST
+ 9:48:40 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
+ 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
# Pitcairn
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
- -8:30 - PIT
+ -8:30 - PNT # Pitcairn Time
# American Samoa
Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
-11:22:48 - LMT 1911
- -11:30 - SST 1950
+ -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
# W Samoa
Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
-11:26:56 - LMT 1911
- -11:30 - SST 1950
- -11:00 - SST
+ -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
+ -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time
# Solomon Is
# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
- 11:00 - NCST
+ 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
# Tokelau Is
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
- -10:00 - THT
+ -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
# Tonga
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
- 12:20 - TMT 1968 Oct
- 13:00 - TGT
+ 12:20 - TOT 1968 Oct # Tonga Time
+ 13:00 - TOT
# Tuvalu
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
- 12:00 - NZST
+ 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
# Vanuatu
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 S
-Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Vanuatu 1985 1990 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Vanuatu 1991 max - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Vanuatu 1992 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 0 S
+Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
- 11:00 - NCST
+ 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
# Wake
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
- 12:00 - NZST
+ 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
# Wallis and Futuna
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
- 12:00 - NZST
+ 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
###############################################################################
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-01-22);
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
-# Except where noted, it is the source for the data above.
+#
+# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.
+#
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
+# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# Corrections are welcome!
# std dst
# LMT Local Mean Time
-# 6:30 CCT Cocos*
-# 7:00 JVT Java*
# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
# 9:00 JST Japan
-# 9:00 PLT Palau*
# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
-# 10:00 GST Guam*
+# 10:00 GST Guam
# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
-# 11:00 NCST NCDT New Caledonia*
-# 11:30 NRFT Norfolk*
# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand
-# 12:45 CHST CHDT Chatham*
-# 13:00 TGT Tongatapu*
-# 14:00 KRT Kiritimati*
-# -12:00 KJT Kwajalein (no longer used)*
+# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
# -11:00 SST Samoa
-# -10:40 LIT Line Is (no longer used)*
-# -10:00 THT Tahiti*
# -10:00 HST Hawaii
-# - 9:30 MQT Marquesas*
-# - 9:00 GBT Gambier*
-# - 8:30 PIT Pitcairn*
#
# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
#
-# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
+# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
###############################################################################
# Australia
-# From John Mackin (March 6, 1991):
+# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
# Northern Territory
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
# ...
# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
# Western Australia
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
-# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (November 2, 1991):
+# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
# work at 9.00am.)
# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
# everybody again.
-# From Arthur David Olson (March 8, 1992):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
# it matches what was used in the past.
# Queensland
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
# ...
# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
-# From Bradley White (December 24, 1989):
+# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
# October 1989).
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
-# From John Mackin (March 6, 1991):
+# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
# me.)
-# From Bradley White (March 8, 1992):
+# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
# ...
# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
# ...
-# From Arthur David Olson (March 8, 1992):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
-# From Arthur David Olson (March 8, 1992):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# The rules from version 7.1 follow.
# There are lots of differences between these rules and
# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules
# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00
# 10:00 Oz EST
-# From Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct...
# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the
# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states
# South Australia
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
# ...
# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C
# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
-# From Bradley White (March 11, 1992):
+# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
-# From Robert Elz (March 13, 1992):
+# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
# is on...
-# From Robert Elz (March 16, 1992, 00:57:07 +1000):
+# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
-# From Bradley White (April 11, 1994):
+# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
# Tasmania
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
# ...Tasmania will revert to Australian Eastern Standard Time on March 31...
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
# ...
# Rule AT 1991 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
# Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 E
-# From Bill Hart via Alexander Dupuy and Guy Harris (October 10, 1991):
+# From Bill Hart via Alexander Dupuy and Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
# My state Government in there eagerness to get a few more bucks for the
# tourist industry industry decided to change the daylight savings times
# yet again (we now have almost 6 months per year)...
# Rule Oz 1987 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
# Rule Oz 1991 max - Mar Sun<=31 3:00 0 -
-# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (October 10, 1991):
+# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
# (but nothing new about that).
# Victoria
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
# ...Victoria...[has] agreed to end daylight saving at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
# ...
# legislation. This is very important to understand.
# I have researched New South Wales time only...
-# From Dave Davey (March 3, 1990):
+# From Dave Davey (1990-03-03):
# Rule NSW 1988 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
# Rule NSW 1989 only - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
# NSW...[has] agreed to end daylight saving at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of NEW SOUTH WALES.. [confirmed by Attorney General's Dept N.S.W]
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
# ...
# Rule AN 1988 1989 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 E
# ...
-# From John Mackin (March 9, 1991)
+# From John Mackin (1991-03-09)
# I have confirmed the accuracy of the historical data for NSW in the
# file Robert forwarded
-# From Arthur David Olson (March 8, 1992):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# Sources differ on whether DST ended March 6 or March 20 in 1988;
# March 20 (the "confirmed" date) is in the chosen rules.
# Yancowinna
-# From John Basser (January 4, 1989):
+# From John Basser (1989-01-04):
# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
# ...
# Lord Howe Island
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ]
# [ Dec 1990 ]
# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
# New Zealand, from Elz' asia 1.1
# Elz says "no guarantees"
-# From Mark Davies (October 3, 1990):
+# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ]
# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
-# From Arthur David Olson (March 8, 1992):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
# rather than the October 1 value.
# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
#
-# Shanks gives no data for Chatham, but usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45.
-# Guess NZ switchover rules for now.
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# Shanks gives no data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
+# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1996)
+# gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time.
+# Guess that they adopted DST in 1990.
###############################################################################
# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
-# August 20, 1993. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
+# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
+# $OpenBSD: backward,v 1.4 1997/01/14 04:36:50 millert Exp $
# @(#)backward 7.13
# This file provides links between current names for time zones
-# $OpenBSD: etcetera,v 1.2 1996/04/22 01:28:45 deraadt Exp $
-# @(#)etcetera 7.5
+# $OpenBSD: etcetera,v 1.3 1997/01/14 04:36:51 millert Exp $
+# @(#)etcetera 7.6
-# All of these are set up just so people can "zic -l" to a timezone
-# that's right for their area, even if it doesn't have a name or DST rules
-# (half hour zones are too much to bother with -- when someone asks!)
+# These entries are mostly present for historical reasons, so that
+# people in areas not otherwise covered by the tz files could "zic -l"
+# to a time zone that was right for their area. These days, the
+# tz files cover almost all the inhabited world, so there's little
+# need now for the entries that are not on UTC.
Zone Etc/GMT 0 - GMT
-Link Etc/GMT Etc/UTC
-Link Etc/GMT Etc/UCT
-Link Etc/GMT Etc/Universal
+Zone Etc/UTC 0 - UTC
+Zone Etc/UCT 0 - UCT
+
+Link Etc/UTC Etc/Universal
+Link Etc/UTC Etc/Zulu
+
Link Etc/GMT Etc/Greenwich
-Link Etc/GMT Etc/Zulu
Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT-0
Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT+0
Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT0
-# $OpenBSD: europe,v 1.4 1996/05/22 12:20:19 deraadt Exp $
-# @(#)europe 7.37
+# $OpenBSD: europe,v 1.5 1997/01/14 04:36:52 millert Exp $
+# @(#)europe 7.42
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
-# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
+#
+# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.
+#
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
+# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
#
# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
-# The starred Russian names are dubious. Corrections are welcome!
+# Corrections are welcome!
# std dst
# LMT Local Mean Time
-# LST Local Star Time (Russian ``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'')
# -4:00 AST Atlantic
-# -3:00 WGT+DST Western Greenland*
-# -2:00 MGT+DST Middle Greenland*
-# -1:00 EGT+DST Eastern Greenland*
-# -1:00 ACT+DST Azores and Canaries*
-# -1:00 IST IDT Iceland (no longer used)*
+# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
+# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
-# 0:00 WET+DST Western Europe
-# 1:00 MET+DST Middle Europe
-# 2:00 EET+DST Eastern Europe
+# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
+# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
+# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
+# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
-# 3:00 TUR+DST Turkey (no longer used)*
-# 4:00 KSK KSD Kuybyshev (was 3:00)*
-# 5:00 ESK ESD Yekaterinburg (was 4:00) (was SSK, SSD)*
-# 6:00 OSK OSD Omsk (was 5:00)*
-# 6:00 NSK NSD Novosibirsk (was 7:00)
-# 7:00 KRSK KRSD Krasnoyarsk (was 6:00)
-# 8:00 ISK ISD Irkutsk (was 7:00)*
-# 9:00 YSK YSD Yakutsk (was 8:00)*
-# 10:00 VSK VSD Vladivostok (was 9:00)*
-# 11:00 MSK MSD Magadan (was 10:00)*
-# 12:00 PSK PSD Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski (was 11:00)*
-# 13:00 ASK ASD Anadyr (was 12:00)*
-#
-# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
+#
+# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
# Oxford University Press (1980).
-# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993):
-# LST is Local Star Time (``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'').
-
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (December 4, 1994),
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
# in the Directive.
+
###############################################################################
# United Kingdom
+# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14.
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (July 6, 1994):
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
#
# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
# of the text said:
#
# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
-# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longditude
+# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
#
# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
-# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longditude should
+# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
#
# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
#
# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much
# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time.
-# From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989):
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
+# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
+# a London builder who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
+# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
+# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
+# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
+# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
+# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
+# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
+# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
+# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
+# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
#
# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
# politics making a fortune, not computing.
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993):
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03):
#
# Our Government...couldn't...make a decision after the 1989 consultation
# exercise about the UK changing its timezone so it just let things drift
# It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday
# in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.)
# This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by
-# an Order in Council (a Statutary Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above)
+# an Order in Council (a Statutory Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above)
# to specify the EC specified dates.
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 18, 1993):
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-18):
#
# My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department
# accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following,
# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday- Monday so that it will operate from
# Monday, 2nd April.'
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993):
+# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14):
+# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
+# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
+# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
+# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
+
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03):
#
# > # Current rules
# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST
# summer time completely, noon is when the Sun is overhead, and that should
# be the end of it.
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 22, 1993):
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-22):
#
# I now have the text of the Summer Time Act 1916, the granddaddy of them all.
# It is headed: `An Act to provide for the Time in Great Britain and Ireland
# It also confirms the fact that Ireland followed Dublin time back then,
# and 25 minutes behind Greenwich, as Shanks has it, would be correct.
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 28, 1993):
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-28):
#
# I now have before me, thanks to my learned legal friend Lorna, the text of
# the Time (Ireland) Act 1916.
# of the 1880 date in Shanks. The little bit of it that is repealed
# also refers solely to Ireland and Dublin Mean Time.
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 29, 1993):
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-29):
#
# My case is that, with the sole exception of Ireland in 1916 using Dublin
# Mean Time, Summer Time has been uniform throughout the United Kingdom
# so that part of the 1922 Act will still apply.
#
# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939 No. 1379
-# [SR&O == Statutary Regulation and Order]
+# [SR&O == Statutory Regulation and Order]
#
# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939.
# It changes the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
# harmonise with the EC since 1981. The major change is that the time changes
# to 01:00 GMT.)
#
-# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutary Instrument]
+# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutory Instrument]
#
# This specifies dates of:
# Start End
# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter).
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (November 18, 1993)
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-05-29):
+# I have now got a copy of the British Standard Time Act 1968.
+# It says (S4(2)) that it expires at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971 unless
+# an Order in Council was passed in Parliament to make the Act permanent.
+# No Order was passed, so 02:00 1971-10-31 it is...
+#
+# Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on
+# 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely
+# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom
+# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in
+# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could
+# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27,
+# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto,
+# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying
+# summer time in 1968....
+
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-11-18)
#
# Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent
# before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and
# 1993 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed
# 1994 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (August 18, 1994):
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-08-18):
# I now have the text of the 7th EC directive on summer time arrangements
# (94/21/EC), which was approved on 30 May....
# The major changes from existing practice are that 1995 will be the last year
# by the Commission by 1 Jan 96. They have not yet appeared (I asked just
# before Easter).
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (March 28, 1994):
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-03-28):
# The [GB-Eire] end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule
# of Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat.
# The last time 4th Sun and Sun after 4th Sat differed was in 1989,
# To maintain strict historical accuracy you could start a new UK ending rule
# of Oct Sun>=22 in 1990.
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12):
#
# As Ilieve remarks, the date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error;
# It actually just had one transition.
# * Northern Ireland used single daylight savings time throughout WW II.
# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
+# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
+# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
+# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
#
-# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
-# we'll ignore it for now.
+# The following claims by Shanks are possible though doubtful;
+# we'll ignore them for now.
# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
# to daylight savings time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
# conform with Great Britain.
+# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
+#
#
# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
+# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
+# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
+# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
+# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
+# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
+# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
+# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# 1916 to 1925--irregular
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
# 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time
Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 GMT
Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST
+Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST
+Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
# Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above.
-Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 DST
+Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 GMT
Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 GMT
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 DST
+Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
# So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular.
Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
# 1953 to 1980, ending rules
Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 GMT
-Rule GB-Eire 1961 1967 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
-Rule GB-Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 3:00 0 GMT
+Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
# 1981 on
Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00
- 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
+ 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
0:00 EU GMT/BST
Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
-0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
- -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00
- 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 3:00
+ -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 # Irish Summer Time
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
+ 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
0:00 EU GMT/BST
Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
-0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
- -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Feb 25 2:00
- 0:00 1:00 BST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
+ -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 3:00
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
+ 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
+ 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
- 0:00 1:00 BST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
+ 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00
- 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 3:00
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
- 0:00 EU GMT/BST
+ 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
+ 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
+ 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
+ 0:00 EU GMT/IST
###############################################################################
# Common Market, etc.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 " DST"
+Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
-Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 " DST"
+Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
-Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-# Older M-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
-# From 1977 on, M-Eur differs from EU only in that M-Eur uses standard time.
-Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
+# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
+Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman says 1941 DST was only from Feb 25 to Oct 5; go with Shanks.
-Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
-Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule M-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule M-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+
+# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
+Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 -
-Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 K
-Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 D
+Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
+Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
+Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
+Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 MST
+Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
+Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
+Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
-# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993):
+# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
-Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DD
-Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 K
-Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K
-Rule Russia 1984 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K
-Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DS
+Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
+Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone WET 0:00 EU WET%s
-Zone MET 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
-Zone EET 2:00 EU EET%s
+Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
+Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
+Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
+Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
-# Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time
+# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
+# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
+
+# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12):
+# The official German names ... are
+#
+# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
+# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
+#
+# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
+# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
+# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
+#
+# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
+# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
+# Postfach 3345
+# D-38023 Braunschweig
+# phone: +49 531 592-0
+#
+# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
+# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
+# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
+#
+# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
+# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
-Link MET CET
# Albania
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1984 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
- 1:00 - MET 1940 Jun 16
- 1:00 Albania MET%s 1985 Mar 31 1:00
- 1:00 W-Eur MET%s
-# This may change to `EU' soon.
+ 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
+ 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1985 Mar 31 1:00
+ 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1991
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Andorra
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
- 1:00 - MET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Austria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Jun 16 3:00
- 1:00 Austria MET%s 1940 Apr 1 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
- 1:00 Austria MET%s 1981
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00
+ 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Belarus
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
- 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct
+ 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
-# This may change to `EU' soon.
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT
# Belgium
# Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# From Whitman:
-Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
# Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman.
-Rule Belgium 1920 1921 - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Belgium 1920 1921 - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1927 Oct 1 2:00s and 1928 Oct 7 2:00s; go with Shanks.
Rule Belgium 1922 1928 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1929 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman says 1937 Apr 18 2:00s; go with Shanks.
-Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman says 1938 Apr 10 2:00s; go with Shanks.
-Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:20 - LMT 1880
- 0:17 - BST 1892 May 1 12:00
+ 0:17:20 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
0:00 - WET 1914 Aug 4
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1919 Mar 1 23:00
- 0:00 Belgium WET%s 1940 Feb 24 23:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
- 1:00 Belgium MET%s 1977
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Mar 1 23:00
+ 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 Feb 24 23:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Bosnia and Herzegovina
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884
- 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
- 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
- 1:00 - MET 1983
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
+ 1:00 - CET 1983
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Bulgaria
-# Part switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1915 Nov 14;
-# the rest switched on 1920 Sep 17.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
- 1:57 - TST 1894 Nov 30
+ 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 3:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
- 2:00 Bulg EET%s 1982 Sep 26 2:00
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
-# This may change to `EU' soon.
+ 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
# Croatia
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884
- 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
- 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
- 1:00 - MET 1983
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
+ 1:00 - CET 1983
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Czech Republic
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
- 0:58 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
- 1:00 Czech MET%s 1979
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
+ 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Denmark
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
-Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways
# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks.
# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
- 0:50 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
- 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
- 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1980
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
+ 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
0:00 - WET 1981
- 0:00 EU WET%s
-Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
- -2:00 - MGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
- -2:00 M-Eur MGT%s 1981 Mar 29
- -1:00 M-Eur EGT%s
-Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
+# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
+# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
+# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
+# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
+
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit
+ -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
+ -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
+ -1:00 EU EG%sT
+Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
-3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
- -3:00 M-Eur WGT%s
-Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
- -4:00 - AST
+ -3:00 EU WG%sT
+Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
+ -4:00 Thule A%sT
# Estonia
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
-#
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
+#
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28):
+# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
+# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
+# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
+# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
+# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
+# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
+# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
+# summer time next spring.''
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
- 1:39 - LST 1918 Feb
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1919 Jul
- 1:39 - LST 1921 May
+ 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
+ 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Sep 22
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
-# This may change to `EU' soon.
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
# Finland
+# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
#
# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
# Go with Strang instead.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
- 1:40 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
- 2:00 Finland EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00
- 2:00 EU EET%s
+ 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
+ 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
# France
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
+# French Revolutionary calendar used 1792-09-22 - 1805-12-31.
+#
# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
-Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
-Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
-Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
-Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
-Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
+Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 DS
+Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 DS
+Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
+Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 DS
+Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 S
+Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 DS
+Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 DS
Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
-Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1976 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
- 0:00 France WET%s 1940 Jun 14
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 25
- 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00
- 1:00 France MET%s 1977
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
+ 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
+ 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Germany
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 DS
+Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
Rule Germany 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 DS
+Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
+Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
- 1:00 Germany MET%s 1980
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Gibraltar
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
- 1:00 - MET 1982
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 1:00 - CET 1982
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Greece
-# They adopted the Julian calendar in 1846.
-# Part switched to the Gregorian calendar on 1916 Jul 28.
-# The rest switched on 1920 Mar 18.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
-Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
-Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
-Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
-Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
-Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
-Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
- 1:35 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
- 2:00 Greece EET%s 1941 Apr 30
- 1:00 Greece MET%s 1944 Apr 4
- 2:00 Greece EET%s 1981
- # Shanks says they switched to M-Eur in 1981;
- # go with EU intead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
- 2:00 EU EET%s
+ 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
+ 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
+ 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
+ 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
+ # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981;
+ # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
# Hungary
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918
- 1:00 Hungary MET%s 1941 Apr 6 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 1 23:00
- 1:00 Hungary MET%s 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
+ 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00
+ 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Iceland
#
-# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (November 6, 1993):
+# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06):
# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
#
-# (December 5, 1993):
+# (1993-12-05):
# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
# Iceland Almanak.
#
# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
#
-# (December 10, 1993):
+# (1993-12-10):
# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
-# might mean something else (???). The Gregorian calendar was not introduced
-# in Iceland until 1700.
+# might mean something else (???).
#
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (December 9, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-12-09):
# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 S
-Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 S
-Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 S
-Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 S
-Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 S
-Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 S
+Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 -
# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
-Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S
+Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
-Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
-Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 S
-Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S
-Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 S
+Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
- -1:28 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time
- -1:00 Iceland I%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
+ -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
+ -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
0:00 - GMT
# Italy
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
+#
# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
-# <http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/it/ienitlt.html> (see `FP' below),
-# taken from a publication of the Italian National Electrotechnical Institute.
+# <URL:http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html> (1996-03-14) (`FP'
+# below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute publication.
# When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
#
-# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
+# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see M-Eur)
+# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
- 0:50 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time
- 1:00 Italy MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Jul
- 1:00 Italy MET%s 1980
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
# Latvia
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# Rules after 1991 are by extension from Shanks. They contradict
+# IATA SSIM (1992/1996), which claims Latvia uses W-Eur rules, but
+# Peter Ilieve's relative writes that Latvia switched in September this year,
+# so we'll assume that the old C-Eur-style rules still apply.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Latvia 1992 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Latvia 1992 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
- 1:36 - LST 1918 Apr 15 2:00
- 1:36 M-Eur LST%s 1919 Apr 1 2:00
- 1:36 1:00 "LST DST" 1919 May 22 3:00
- 1:36 - LST 1926 May 11
+ 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
+ 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
+ 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
+ 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
+ 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 8
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
-# This may change to `EU' soon.
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 8
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 2:00 Latvia EE%sT
# Liechtenstein
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
- 1:00 - MET 1981
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 1:00 - CET 1981
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Lithuania
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
- 1:24 - LST 1917 # Kaunas
- 1:36 - LST 1919 Oct 10
- 1:00 - MET 1920 Jul 12
+ 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
+ 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
+ 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
- 1:00 - MET 1940 Aug 3
+ 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
-# This may change to `EU' soon.
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
+# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
# Luxembourg
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
- 1:00 Lux MET%s 1918 Nov 25
- 0:00 Lux WET%s 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
- 0:00 Belgium WET%s 1940 May 14 3:00
- 1:00 M-Eur WET%s 1944 Sep 18 3:00
- 1:00 Belgium MET%s 1977
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
+ 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
+ 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
+ 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Macedonia
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884
- 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
- 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
- 1:00 - MET 1983
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
+ 1:00 - CET 1983
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Malta
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
-Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta
- 1:00 Italy MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
- 1:00 Italy MET%s 1973 Mar 31
- 1:00 Malta MET%s 1981
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
+ 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Moldova
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1919 Mar 18.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
-# This may change to `EU' soon.
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
# Monaco
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
- 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00
- 1:00 France MET%s 1977
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
+ 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Netherlands
# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman.
-Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT
+Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
+Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks.
Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT
Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
-Rule Neth 1922 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
+Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST
# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks.
-Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 -
# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May
0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
- 0:20 Neth %s 1940 May 16 0:40
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
- 1:00 Neth MET%s 1977
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Norway
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
-Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
# Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman.
-Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 S
# Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4,
# 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940.
-Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
- 1:00 Norway MET%s 1940 Aug 10 23:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
- 1:00 Norway MET%s 1980
- 1:00 EU MET%s
-# Svalbard is like Europe/Oslo.
+ 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+#
+# Svalbard
+Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
#
+# Jan Mayen
# From Whitman:
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
# Poland
-# Austrian and German Poland switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar
-# on 1582 Oct 15. Russian Poland switched on 1918 Jan 14.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
-Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 -
-Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
-Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
-Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
- 1:24 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Sep 16 3:00
- 2:00 Poland EET%s 1922 Jun
- 1:00 Poland MET%s 1940 Jun 23 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Oct
- 1:00 Poland MET%s 1977 Apr 3 1:00
- 1:00 W-Eur MET%s
-# This may change to `EU' soon.
+ 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
+ 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
+ 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
+ 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
+ 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT
+# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
+# <URL:http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml>
+# (1995-09-24) says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
+# Stick with W-Eur for now.
# Portugal
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
+#
+# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
+# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
+# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
+#
+# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
+# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
+# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
+# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
+# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
+# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
+# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
+# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
+# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
-Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
-Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
-Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 DS
+Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 DS
+Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 DS
+Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
-Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
- -0:37 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
- 0:00 Port WET%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00
- 1:00 - MET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
- 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
- 0:00 EU WET%s 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
-# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (November 12, 1992):
-# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
-# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
- 1:00 EU MET%s 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
-# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
-# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
-# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
- 0:00 1:00 "WET DST" 1996 Oct 27 1:00u
- 0:00 EU WET%s
-# We don't know what happened to Madeira or the Azores,
-# so we'll just use Shanks for now.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
+ 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
+ 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
+ 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+ 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT
Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
-1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
- -2:00 Port ACT%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00
- -1:00 - ACT 1977 Mar 27
- -1:00 - ACT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
- -1:00 W-Eur ACT%s
+ -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
+ -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+ -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
+ -1:00 EU AZO%sT
Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
-1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
- -1:00 Port ACT%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00
- 0:00 - WET 1977 Mar 27
- 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
- 0:00 EU WET%s
+ -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
+ 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT
# Romania
-# Catholic Romania switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on
-# on 1919 Mar 18. Greek Orthodox Romania switched on 1920 Mar 18.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
+Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
- 1:44 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
- 2:00 Romania EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
-# This may change to `EU' soon.
+ 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
+ 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
+ 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
# Russia
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994):
-# Moscow and Novosibirsk time zone names, and Moscow rules after 1991,
-# are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>.
-# I invented the other time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified)
-# guessed what happened after 1991; the clocks were chaotic, and we know little.
-# The rest is from Shanks.
+
+# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02):
+# On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar''
+# with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week.
+# On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the
+# Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it
+# reverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days
+# off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month.
+# (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_)
+#
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations,
+# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991.
+# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
+# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks and the IATA.
+#
+# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
+# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
+# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
+# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
+# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
+#
+# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30):
+# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
+# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
+# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
#
-# From Shanks (1991):
-# Western Russia switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar
-# on 1918 Jan 14. Eastern Russia switched on 1920 Mar 18.
-# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted
-# a 6 day week; on 1940 Jun 27 it returned to the Gregorian week.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
+ 2:00 Poland CET 1946
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1994
+# IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change.
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT
Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
- 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct
+ 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia MS%s
-Zone Europe/Kuybyshev 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 3:00 - KSK 1957 Mar
- 4:00 Russia KS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 3:00 1:00 KSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 3:00 - KSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 4:00 Russia KS%s
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
+Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 3:00 - KUYT 1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time
+ 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 3:00 1:00 KUYST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 3:00 - SAMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time
+ 4:00 Russia SAM%sT
Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 4:00 - SSK 1957 Mar
- 5:00 Russia SS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 1:00 SSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 4:00 - SSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 5:00 Russia ES%s # name change from Sverdlovsk
+ 4:00 - SVET 1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time
+ 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 1:00 SVEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 4:00 - SVET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time
Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 5:00 - OSK 1957 Mar
- 6:00 Russia OS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 1:00 OSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 5:00 - OSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 6:00 Russia OS%s
-# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (June 29, 1994):
+ 5:00 - OMST 1957 Mar # Omsk Time
+ 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 1:00 OMSST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 5:00 - OMST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia OMS%sT
+# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 6:00 - NSK 1957 Mar
- 7:00 Russia NS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 6:00 1:00 NSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 6:00 - NSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 7:00 Russia NS%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
- 6:00 1:00 NSD 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
- 6:00 Russia NS%s
+ 6:00 - NOVT 1957 Mar # Novosibirsk Time
+ 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 6:00 - NOVT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia NOV%sT
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 6:00 - KRSK 1957 Mar
- 7:00 Russia KRS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 6:00 1:00 KRSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 6:00 - KRSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 7:00 Russia KRS%s
+ 6:00 - KRAT 1957 Mar # Krasnoyarsk Time
+ 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 6:00 1:00 KRAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 6:00 - KRAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia KRA%sT
Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
- 6:57 - LST 1924 May 2
- 7:00 - ISK 1957 Mar
- 8:00 Russia IS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 7:00 1:00 ISD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 7:00 - ISK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 8:00 Russia IS%s
+ 6:57:20 - IMT 1924 May 2 # Irkutsk Mean Time
+ 7:00 - IRKT 1957 Mar # Irkutsk Time
+ 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 7:00 1:00 IRKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 7:00 - IRKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 8:00 Russia IRK%sT
Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 8:00 - YSK 1957 Mar
- 9:00 Russia YS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 8:00 1:00 YSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 8:00 - YSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 9:00 Russia YS%s
+ 8:00 - YAKT 1957 Mar # Yakutsk Time
+ 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 8:00 1:00 YAKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 8:00 - YAKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 9:00 Russia YAK%sT
Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880
- 8:48 - LST 1924 May 2
- 9:00 - VSK 1957 Mar
- 10:00 Russia VS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 9:00 1:00 VSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 9:00 - VSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 10:00 Russia VS%s
+ 8:47:44 - VMT 1924 May 2 # Vladivostok MT
+ 9:00 - VLAT 1957 Mar # Vladivostok Time
+ 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 9:00 1:00 VLAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 9:00 - VLAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 10:00 Russia VLA%sT
Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 10:00 - MSK 1957 Mar
- 11:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 10:00 1:00 MSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 10:00 - MSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 11:00 Russia MS%s
+ 10:00 - MAGT 1957 Mar # Magadan Time
+ 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 10:00 1:00 MAGST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 10:00 - MAGT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia MAG%sT
# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 11:00 - PSK 1957 Mar
- 12:00 Russia PS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 11:00 1:00 PSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 11:00 - PSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 12:00 Russia PS%s
+ 11:00 - PETT 1957 Mar # P-K Time
+ 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 11:00 1:00 PETST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 11:00 - PETT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 12:00 Russia PET%sT
Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 12:00 - ASK 1957 Mar
- 13:00 Russia AS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 12:00 1:00 ASD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 12:00 - ASK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 13:00 Russia AS%s
+ 12:00 - ANAT 1957 Mar # Anadyr Time
+ 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 12:00 1:00 ANAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 12:00 - ANAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 13:00 Russia ANA%sT
# Slovakia
Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
# Slovenia
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884
- 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
- 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
- 1:00 - MET 1983
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
+ 1:00 - CET 1983
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Spain
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
-Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
-Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
-Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
-Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 DS
+Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 DS
+Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
-Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
-Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
-Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
+# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
+Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
+Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
+Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901
- 0:00 Spain WET%s 1946 Sep 30
- 1:00 Spain MET%s 1979
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
+ 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
+ 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
+ 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
+ 0:00 - WET 1924
+ 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
+ 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
+ 1:00 - CET 1986
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
- -1:00 - ACT 1946 Sep 30 1:00
+ -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
- 0:00 1:00 "WET DST" 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
- 0:00 EU WET%s
+ 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT
+# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
+# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
# Sweden
+
+# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) <URL:news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com>:
+#
+# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden
+# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
+# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
+# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar
+# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
+#
+# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;
+# they did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712
+# they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that
+# year!...
+#
+# Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
+# getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
+#
+# (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
+# produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia"
+# by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och
+# kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).)
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
- 1:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
- 1:00 - MET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
- 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
- 1:00 - MET 1980
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
+ 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
+ 1:00 - CET 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Switzerland
# From Howse (1988), p 82:
# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
-Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
# From Shanks (1991):
-Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
- 0:30 - SST 1894 Jun # Swiss Standard Time
- 1:00 Swiss MET%s 1981
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
+ 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Turkey
-# European Turkey switched to the Gregorian calendar in 1908.
-# Asian Turkey switched in 1914.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
-Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman.
-Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
- 1:57 - OMT 1910 Oct # Ottoman Mean Time
- 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1978 Oct 15
- 3:00 Turkey TUR%s 1985 Apr 20
- 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1986
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
-# This may change to `EU' soon.
+ 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
+ 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
+ 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
+ 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
# Ukraine
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time
+Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean Time
+Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time
+Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST
+Rule Ukraine 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 UDST
+Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 UST
+Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 KMT
+Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 UST
+Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 UDST
+Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 UST
+Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 KMT
+Rule Crimea 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 CST # Crimean Summer Time
+Rule Crimea 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 NMT # Nikolayev Mean Time
+Rule Crimea 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 CDST # Crimean Double Summer Time
+Rule Crimea 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 CST
+Rule Crimea 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 CDST
+Rule Crimea 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 CST
+Rule Crimea 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 NMT
+Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST
+Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST
+Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST
+Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT
+Rule Crimea 1996 max - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 -
+Rule Crimea 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
- 2:02 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
- 2:02 Ukraine LST%s 1924 May 2
+ 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1990 Jul 17
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
-# This may change to `EU' soon.
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 17
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1996
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
- 2:08 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
- 2:08 Ukraine LST%s 1924 May 2
+ 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994):
-# Today's _Economist_ (p 45) reports that Crimea switched
-# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January elections.
-# For now, we'll guess that there was a 2-hour leap forward on March 27.
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia MS%s
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21):
+# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched
+# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
+# For now, guess it changed Feb 1.
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Feb
+# From IATA SSIM (1994/1996), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
+ 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996
+ 3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD
# Yugoslavia
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
- 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
- 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
- 1:00 - MET 1983
- 1:00 EU MET%s
+ 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
+ 1:00 - CET 1983
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
###############################################################################
# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl
# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# ...
# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
+# $OpenBSD: factory,v 1.2 1997/01/14 04:36:53 millert Exp $
# @(#)factory 7.1
# For companies who don't want to put time zone specification in
+# $OpenBSD: leapseconds,v 1.2 1997/01/14 04:36:54 millert Exp $
# @(#)leapseconds 7.8
# Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file.
-# $OpenBSD: northamerica,v 1.4 1996/05/22 12:20:20 deraadt Exp $
-# @(#)northamerica 7.25
+# $OpenBSD: northamerica,v 1.5 1997/01/14 04:36:54 millert Exp $
+# @(#)northamerica 7.30
# also includes Central America and the Caribbean
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (August 17, 1994):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-08-17):
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
# Oxford University Press (1980).
# Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
# It is the source for the US and Puerto Rico entries below.
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
+# Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
+# in his whimsical essay ``Turkey vs Eagle, McCauley is my Beagle'' (1784).
+# Not everyone is happy with the results:
+#
+# I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
+# agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
+# daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
+# I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
+# valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen. As an admirer
+# of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
+# reduce my time for enjoying it. At the back of the Daylight Saving
+# scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
+# to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
+# them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
+#
+# -- Robertson Davies, The Diary of Samuel Marchbanks (1947), XIX, Sunday
+
# From Arthur David Olson:
# US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
-# See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, October 26, 1974
-# and Sunday, October 27, 1974 editions of the Washington Post.
+# See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
+# and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
# From Arthur David Olson:
# Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
Rule US 1976 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule US 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
# old new
# Pacific Standard Time(PST) -same-
# The tables below use `NST', not `NT', for Nome Standard Time.
# I invented `CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# USA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
# USA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
# USA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC CHICAGO, HOUSTON
# USA HAWAII 10 H BEHIND UTC
# USA BERING 11 H BEHIND UTC SAMOA, MIDWAY
-# From Arthur David Olson (January 21, 1989):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
# The above dates are for 1988.
# Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
# no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
# Aleutians.
-# From Arthur David Olson (February 13, 1988):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
# Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
# Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward. First, names
-# up to April 1, 1967 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
+# up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
# took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
# (none)
# United States standard eastern time
# (none)
# United States standard Alaska time
# (none)
-# Next, names from April 1, 1967 until November 30, 1983 (the date for
+# Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
# public law 98-181):
# Atlantic standard time
# eastern standard time
# Yukon standard time
# Alaska-Hawaii standard time
# Bering standard time
-# And after November 30, 1983:
+# And after 1983-11-30:
# Atlantic standard time
# eastern standard time
# central standard time
#
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
# Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
-# and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, in 1867 when the US purchased it
-# from Russia. We omit this transition, since we can't represent changes
-# from Julian to Gregorian.
+# and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
+# This was on 1867-10-18. We omit this transition, since we can't represent
+# changes from Julian to Gregorian.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Juneau -8:57:41 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
-7:00 - MST 1967
-7:00 US M%sT 1968
-7:00 - MST
-# From Arthur David Olson (February 13, 1988):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
# A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
# notes in private correspondence dated 12/28/87 that "Presently, only the
# Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
-5:00 - EST
#
# Starke County, Indiana
-# From Arthur David Olson (October 28, 1991):
-# An article on page A3 of the Sunday, October 27, 1991 Washington Post
+# From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
+# An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
# notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
-# October 27, 1991.
+# 1991-10-27.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Starke 1947 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Starke 1947 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
# Michigan
#
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
#
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
################################################################################
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the US is
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
-# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
+#
+# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.
+#
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
+# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
-# I invented the abbreviation SPST for St Pierre Standard Time; SPDT likewise.
-# Corrections are welcome!
-#
# See the `europe' file for Greenland.
#
-# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
+# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
# Canada
-# Canada is reportedly lots easier than the US--leastways since 1951.
-# I don't know what they did before then.
-# 4.3BSD claims that it's perfectly regular.
-# According to a posting in "comp.bugs.misc", "comp.unix.wizards", etc.
-# on February 8, 1987, by Dave Sherman of the Law Society of Upper Canada,
-# "...Canada (well, Ontario and at least some of the other provinces) are
-# adopting the new daylight savings time rules...". We assume all of
-# Canada is doing so.
-
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
-# All of Canada did have DST from your first rule except Saskatchewan.
-# Which parts did not observe DST is hard to pinpoint but most of the
-# province follows the rules.
-# NOTE: those that didn't have DST for that rule, also
-# probably did not have it for several years previous.
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
-# CANADA NEW FDL 3.5H BEHIND UTC ST.JOHN'S
-# CANADA NEW FDL 1.5H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 29
-# CANADA ATLANTIC 4 H BEHIND UTC HALIFAX
-# CANADA ATLANTIC 3 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 29
-# CANADA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC TORONTO, MONTREAL, OTTAWA
-# CANADA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 29
-# CANADA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC REGINA, WINNIPEG
-# CANADA CENTRAL 5 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 29
-# CANADA MOUNTAIN 7 H BEHIND UTC CALGARY, EDMONTON
-# CANADA MOUNTAIN 6 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 29
-# CANADA PACIFIC 8 H BEHIND UTC VANCOUVER
-# CANADA PACIFIC 7 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 29
-# CANADA YUKON SAME AS PACIFIC DAWSON
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (January 21, 1989):
-# April 3 fell on a Sunday in 1988; October 29 fell on a Sunday in 1989. Ahem.
-# Note claim that there's double DST in Newfoundland and that Yukon should
-# be same as Pacific.
-
-# From W. Jones (jones@skdad.usask.ca) (November 6, 1992):
-# The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
-# provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
-# A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
-# since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
-#
-# Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
-# the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
-# their affiliations in one direction or the other. In 1965 a provincial
-# referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
-#
-# On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
-# Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
-# part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
-# northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
-# follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
-# zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
-# by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
-#
-# It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
-# on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
-# serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
-# a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
-# rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
-# since sometime in the 1960s.
-#
-# Here's how I would summarize things. Establish a "Saskatchewan" CST
-# time zone, and note that it officially exists as of 15 April 1966. Any
-# current exceptions can put themselves in the "Mountain" zone, since
-# those are the rules they follow. Any past exceptions can be forgotten,
-# since that's what those who live here have done.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (November 21, 1992):
-# East-Saskatchewan kept to avoid problems for folks using that zone by name;
-# plain Saskatchewan added.
-
# From Alain LaBont<e'> <ALB@immedia.ca> (1994-11-14):
# I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
# for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-11-22):
# Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# The data for Canada are all from Shanks (1991).
+
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Canada 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Canada 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
+Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Canada 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
+Rule Canada 1974 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Canada 1974 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Canada 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+
+
+# Newfoundland (except Labrador)
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule StJohns 1917 1918 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
Rule StJohns 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
# St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884
- -3:31 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30
+ -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30
-3:30 StJohns N%sT
+
+# east Labrador
+
+# The name `Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use `Goose Bay'.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
+ -3:30:52 StJohns NST 1919
+ -3:30:52 - NST 1935 Mar 30
+ -3:30 - NST 1936
+ -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1966 Mar 15 2:00
+ -4:00 StJohns A%sT
+
+
+# west Labrador, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
+# Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Halifax.
+# Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
+# Glace Bay, NS is the largest that we know of.
+# Shanks also writes that Liverpool, NS was the only town in Canada to observe
+# DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume this is a typo.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Halifax 1916 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Halifax 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
-4:00 Halifax A%sT
+Zone America/Glace_Bay -3:59:48 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
+ -4:00 Canada A%sT 1953
+ -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1954
+ -4:00 - AST 1972
+ -4:00 Halifax A%sT
+
+
+# Ontario, Quebec
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
+# Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Montreal.
+# Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
+# Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
+# Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
+# Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884
-5:00 Mont E%sT
+Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970
+ -5:00 Mont E%sT 1973
+ -5:00 - EST 1974
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT
+Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT
+Zone America/Rainy_River -6:17:56 - LMT 1895
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT
+
+
+# Manitoba
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Winn 1916 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D
Zone America/Winnipeg -6:28:36 - LMT 1887 Jul 16
-6:00 Winn C%sT
+
+# Saskatchewan
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
+# Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Regina.
+# Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
+# Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
+
+# From W. Jones <jones@skdad.usask.ca> (1992-11-06):
+# The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
+# provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
+# A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
+# since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
+#
+# Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
+# the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
+# their affiliations in one direction or the other. In 1965 a provincial
+# referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
+#
+# On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
+# Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
+# part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
+# northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
+# follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
+# zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
+# by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
+#
+# It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
+# on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
+# serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
+# a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
+# rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
+# since sometime in the 1960s.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Regina 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Regina 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
Rule Regina 1939 1941 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Regina 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
-Rule Regina 1947 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Regina 1947 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0 S
+Rule Regina 1947 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Regina 1947 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Regina 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+#
+Rule Swift 1957 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Swift 1957 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Swift 1959 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Swift 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Swift 1960 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep
- -7:00 Regina M%sT 1966 Apr 15
+Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep
+ -7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
+ -6:00 - CST
+Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 - LMT 1905 Sep
+ -7:00 Canada M%sT 1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
+ -7:00 Regina M%sT 1950
+ -7:00 Swift M%sT 1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
-6:00 - CST
+
+# Alberta
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Edm 1918 1919 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Edm 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
-7:00 Edm M%sT
+
+# British Columbia
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
+# Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Vancouver.
+# Dawswon Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884
-8:00 Vanc P%sT
+Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT 1884
+ -8:00 Canada P%sT 1947
+ -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1972 Aug 30 2:00
+ -7:00 - MST
+
+
+# Northwest Territories, Yukon
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-10-07):
+# Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
+# Shanks's table for Watson Lake is corrupted, so we have no data there.
+# Mathew Englander <mathew@io.org> (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
+# * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
+# c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9. This is still valid;
+# see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
+# * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
+# * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
+# * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
+# Shanks says Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go with Englander.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Yukon 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Yukon 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
-Rule Yukon 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Yukon 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Yukon 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Yukon 1965 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Yukon 1965 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
-Rule Yukon 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Yukon 1980 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Yukon 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
+Rule NT_YK 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NT_YK 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
+Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Apr lastSun 0:00 2:00 DD
+Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule NT_YK 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NT_YK 1980 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule NT_YK 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Pangnirtung -4:22:56 - LMT 1884
+ -4:00 NT_YK A%sT
+Zone America/Iqaluit -4:33:52 - LMT 1884 # Frobisher Bay
+ -5:00 NT_YK E%sT
+Zone America/Rankin_Inlet -6:08:40 - LMT 1884
+ -6:00 NT_YK C%sT
+Zone America/Yellowknife -7:37:24 - LMT 1884
+ -7:00 NT_YK M%sT
+Zone America/Inuvik -8:54:00 - LMT 1884
+ -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
+ -7:00 NT_YK M%sT
Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
- -9:00 Yukon Y%sT 1966 Jul
- -8:00 Yukon P%sT
-# Parts of Yukon (e.g. Dawson) didn't switch to -8:00 until 1973 Oct 28.
+ -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1966 Jul 1 2:00
+ -8:00 NT_YK P%sT
+Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
+ -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00
+ -8:00 NT_YK P%sT
+
###############################################################################
# as listed there; [there is also] "Baja California Sur and N. Pacific
# Coast (States of Sinaloa and Sonora)."
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# The Federal District (where Mexico City is) has observed [DST] several
# times but not recently.
#
# The dates of DST probably go back to 1981. The rules are the same as
# US's. This is going to be a headache for US presidential electi[o]n years!
-# From Arthur David Olson (February 13, 1988)
+# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13)
# Since the 1981 starting date is only "probable," we'll keep the 1987
# starting date below.
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# MEXICO BAJA CAL N 7 H BEHIND UTC BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR AND
# MEXICO BAJA CAL N N. PACIFIC COAST (STATES
# MEXICO BAJA CAL N OF SINALOA AND SONORA)
-# MEXICO BAJA CAL N 8 H BEHIND UTC ABOVE 28TH PARALLAL APR 3
+# MEXICO BAJA CAL N 8 H BEHIND UTC ABOVE 28TH PARALLEL APR 3
# MEXICO BAJA CAL N - OCT 29
-# MEXICO BAJA CAL N 7 H BEHIND UTC ABOVE 28TH PARALLAL APR 3
+# MEXICO BAJA CAL N 7 H BEHIND UTC ABOVE 28TH PARALLEL APR 3
# MEXICO BAJA CAL N - 0CT 29
# MEXICO 6 H BEHIND UTC STATES OF DURANGO,
# MEXICO COAHUILA, NUEVO LEON,
# MEXICO CAMPECHE, QUINTANA ROO AND
# MEXICO YUCATAN
-# From Arthur David Olson (January 21, 1989):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
# April 3 fell on a Sunday in 1988; October 29 fell on a Sunday in 1989. Ahem.
# USNO claims there should be four Mexican zones rather than three:
# a zone that's GMT-8 with DST; a zone that's always GMT-7;
# The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
#
# -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
+# For an English translation of the decree,
+# see ``Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover'',
+# <URL:http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html> (1996-01-04).
# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
-Rule CR 1991 only - Jan 19 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule CR 1991 1992 - Jan Sat>=15 0:00 1:00 D
+# IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00; go with Shanks.
+Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
# There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:20 - LMT 1890 # San Jose
# Cuba
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# . . .DST is from 2nd Sunday in May to 2nd Sunday in October since 1981.
# Change at midnight. In 1979 & 1980, started at 3rd Sunday in March
# (I think).
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# CUBA 5 H BEHIND UTC
# CUBA 4 H BEHIND UTC MAR 20 - OCT 8
Rule Cuba 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1981 max - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1981 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1990 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1991 max - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1990 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1996 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
# Grenada
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul
+Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's
-4:00 - AST
# Guadeloupe
Rule Guat 1974 only - Feb 24 0:00 0 S
Rule Guat 1983 only - May 21 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Guat 1983 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
+Rule Guat 1991 only - Mar 23 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Guat 1991 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5
-6:00 Guat C%sT
Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
-Rule Haiti 1988 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Haiti 1988 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Shanks says AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says 1:00s. Go with IATA.
+Rule Haiti 1988 max - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Haiti 1988 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890
-4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
# Jamaica
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# Follows US rules.
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# JAMAICA 5 H BEHIND UTC
# From Shanks (1991):
Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:12 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
-5:07 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST 1974 Jan 6 2:00
- -5:00 US E%sT
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1984
+ -5:00 - EST
# Martinique
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S
+Rule Nic 1992 only - Jan 1 4:00 1:00 D
+Rule Nic 1992 only - Sep 24 0:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890
-5:45 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time
-6:00 - CST 1973 May
-5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16
- -6:00 Nic C%sT
+ -6:00 Nic C%sT 1993 Jan 1 4:00
+ -5:00 - EST
# Panama
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
-4:00 - AST 1980 May
- -3:00 Mont SP%sT
+ -3:00 Mont PM%sT # Pierre & Miquelon Time
# St Vincent and the Grenadines
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-4:00 - AST
# Turks and Caicos
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# Shanks says they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996)
+# says they switch at midnight. Go with IATA SSIM.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule TC 1979 1986 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule TC 1979 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
+Rule TC 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
-5:07 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
- -5:00 - EST 1979 Apr 29 2:00
- -5:00 US E%sT
+ -5:00 TC E%sT
# British Virgin Is
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# @(#)pacificnew 7.8
+# $OpenBSD: pacificnew,v 1.3 1997/01/14 04:36:55 millert Exp $
+# @(#)pacificnew 7.9
-# From Arthur David Olson (April 5, 1989):
-# On April 5, 1989, the U. S. House of Representatives passed (238-154) a bill
+# From Arthur David Olson (1989-04-05):
+# On 1989-04-05, the U. S. House of Representatives passed (238-154) a bill
# establishing "Pacific Presidential Election Time"; it was not acted on
# by the Senate or signed into law by the President.
# You might want to change the "PE" (Presidential Election) below to
+# $OpenBSD: solar87,v 1.3 1997/01/14 04:36:56 millert Exp $
# @(#)solar87 7.3
# So much for footnotes about Saudi Arabia.
+# $OpenBSD: solar88,v 1.3 1997/01/14 04:36:56 millert Exp $
# @(#)solar88 7.3
# Apparent noon times below are for Riyadh; they're a bit off for other places.
-# $OpenBSD: solar89,v 1.3 1996/04/22 01:29:00 deraadt Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: solar89,v 1.4 1997/01/14 04:36:57 millert Exp $
# @(#)solar89 7.4
# Apparent noon times below are for Riyadh; they're a bit off for other places.
-# @(#)southamerica 7.12
+# $OpenBSD: southamerica,v 1.4 1997/01/14 04:36:57 millert Exp $
+# @(#)southamerica 7.16
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
-# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
#
-# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
-# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
-# Some of these are just plausible excuses for common English abbreviations.
+# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.
+#
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
+# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
+#
+# The following abbreviations are used in this file.
# Corrections are welcome!
# std dst
# LMT Local Mean Time
# -2:00 FST FDT Fernando de Noronha
-# -3:00 EST EDT Eastern South America (conflicts with -5:00)
-# -3:00 ARST ARDT Argentina
-# -4:00 AST ADT Andes*, Antilles*, Asuncion*, Atlantic
-# -4:00 CST CDT Chile (conflicts with -6:00)
+# -3:00 EST EDT Eastern Brazil
# -4:00 WST WDT Western Brazil
-# -5:00 AST ADT Acre (conflicts with -4:00)
-# -5:00 EST EDT Eastern, Ecuador*
-# -6:00 CST CDT Archipelago of Columbus*, Central
-# -7:00 MST MDT Mataveri*, Mountain
+# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
+# -5:00 AST ADT Acre
#
-# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
+# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
+# Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
+# ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
+# suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
+# I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
+# _daylight-saving time_. _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
+# in Europe and South America.
+# -- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
+# H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
+
# From Guy Harris:
# From Official Airline Guide - Worldwide Edition (1987). Countries not
# Argentina
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
# Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974. Switches at midnight.
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 19889):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-199):
# ARGENTINA 3 H BEHIND UTC
-# From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (June 26, 1995):
-# I am sending modifications to the Argentinian time zone table...
+# From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (1995-06-26):
+# I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table...
# AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Arg 1930 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1931 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1931 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1932 1940 - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1932 1939 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1940 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1941 only - Jun 15 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1941 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1943 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1943 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1946 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1963 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1963 only - Dec 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1986 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1986 1987 - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1987 only - Feb 13 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1988 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Arg 1930 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1931 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1931 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1932 1940 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1932 1939 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1940 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1941 only - Jun 15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1941 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1943 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1943 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1946 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1963 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1963 only - Dec 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1986 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1986 1987 - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1987 only - Feb 13 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1988 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
#
-# From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (June 26, 1995):
+# From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (1995-06-26):
# These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
# obtaining the data from the:
# Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina
-# (Argentinian Naval Hydrography Institute)
+# (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
#
# Shanks gives 1989 Mar 16 and stops after 1990 Mar 4; go with Otero.
-Rule Arg 1989 1993 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1989 1992 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Arg 1989 1993 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1989 1992 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
#
-# From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (June 26, 1995):
+# From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (1995-06-26):
# From this moment on, the law that mandated the daylight saving
# time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
# to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+#
+# Buenos Aires (BA), Distrito Federal (DF), Santa Cruz (SC),
+# Tierra del Fuego (TF) & Antartida e Islas
Zone America/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Nov
- -4:17 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
- -4:00 - AST 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg A%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg AR%sT
+#
+# Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC),
+# Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH)
+Zone America/Rosario -4:02:40 - LMT 1894 Nov
+ -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Jul
+ -3:00 - ART
+#
+# Cordoba (CB), Santiago del Estero (SE), Salta (SA), Tucuman (TM), La Rioja (LR), San Juan (SJ), San Luis (SL),
+# Neuquen (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
+Zone America/Cordoba -4:16:44 - LMT 1894 Nov
+ -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Jul
+ -3:00 - ART
+#
+# Jujuy (JY)
+Zone America/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT 1894 Nov
+ -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3
+ -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 6
+ -4:00 1:00 WARST 1992 Mar 15
+ -4:00 - WART 1992 Oct 18
+ -3:00 - ART
+#
+# Catamarca (CT)
+Zone America/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT 1894 Nov
+ -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Jul
+ -3:00 - ART 1991 Jul
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1992 Jul
+ -3:00 - ART
+#
+# Mendoza (MZ)
+Zone America/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT 1894 Nov
+ -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3
+ -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 15
+ -4:00 1:00 WARST 1992 Mar 1
+ -4:00 - WART 1992 Oct 18
+ -3:00 - ART
# Aruba
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad
- -4:30 - NAST 1965 # Netherlands Antilles
+ -4:30 - ANT 1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
-4:00 - AST
# Bolivia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
- -4:33 - LPMT 1931 Oct 15 # La Paz Mean Time
- -4:33 1:00 LPDT 1932 Mar 21
- -4:00 - AST
+ -4:32:36 - LPMT 1931 Oct 15 # La Paz Mean Time
+ -4:32:36 1:00 BOST 1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
+ -4:00 - BOT # Bolivia Time
# Brazil
# From Guy Harris:
-# The OAG lists October 25, 1987 and February 12, 1988 as the starting and
+# The OAG lists 1987-10-25 and 1988-02-12 as the starting and
# ending dates, giving them as "estimated date(s) based on previous year". We
# infer a rule here from one example, always a dangerous practice.... Yes,
# they really do switch on Saturday, according to the OAG.
# "[America/Porto_Acre]" is for the Territory of Acre;
# "[America/Noronha]" is for Fernando De Noronha.
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
-# The only information I found is that there was no DST up to 1985.
-# But there was some before 1952!
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 16, 1989):
-# BRAZIL WEST 5 H BEHIND UTC TERRITORY OF ACRE
-# BRAZIL WEST 4 H BEHIND UTC ACRE OCT 23, '88-FEB 11,
-# BRAZIL '89 (ESTIMATED)
-# BRAZIL CENTRAL 4 H BEHIND UTC MANAUS
-# BRAZIL CENTRAL 3 H BEHIND UTC MANAUS OCT 23, '88-FEB 11,
-# BRAZIL CENTRAL '89 (ESTIMATED)
-# BRAZIL EAST 3 H BEHIND UTC COASTAL STATES, RIO, SAO
-# BRAZIL EAST PAULO, BRASILIA
-# BRAZIL EAST 2 H BEHIND UTC COASTAL STATES, RIO, SAO
-# BRAZIL PAULO, BRASILIA OCT 23,
-# BRAZIL '88-FEB 11, '89
-# BRAZIL (ESTIMATED)
-# BRAZIL 2 H BEHIND UTC ATLANTIC ISLANDS, FERNANDO
-# BRAZIL DE NORONHA
-# BRAZIL 1 H BEHIND UTC OCT 23, '88-FEB 11, '89
-# BRAZIL (ESTIMATED)
-# BRAZIL 3 H BEHIND UTC FOR MOST MAJOR AIRPORTS.
-
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
# The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules
# just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade.
# The rule change lasted only part of the day;
# the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business
# was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon.
-# Shanks claims Acre stopped observing DST after 1988 Feb 7, but it
-# could just be that his table ran out of room. We're extrapolating
-# about time zone changes after 1990 Feb 11.
+
+# From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
+# _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
+# Santa Catarina (SC), Parana (PR), Sao Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
+# Espirito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goias (GO),
+# Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
+# [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
+
+# From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
+# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goias until 1989), and other
+# sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
+# always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
+# The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91. Each issue from then until
+# 9/95 says that DST is observed only in the ten states I quoted from 9/95,
+# along with Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), which are in BR2
+# (UTC-4).... The other two time zones given for Brazil are BR3, which is
+# UTC-5, no DST, and applies only in the state of Acre (AC); and BR4, which is
+# UTC-2, and applies to Fernando de Noronha (formerly FN, but I believe it's
+# become part of the state of Pernambuco). The boundary between BR1 and BR2
+# has never been clearly stated. They've simply been called East and West.
+# However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
+# Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil. For each
+# airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM. From that
+# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapa (AP), Ceara (CE),
+# Maranhao (MA), Paraiba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piaui (PI), and Rio Grande do
+# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Para (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# Let's make the following assumptions:
+#
+# * All data in Shanks are correct through 1990. In particular,
+# Shanks was right when he said Acre stopped observing DST in mid-1988.
+# * Areas where Shanks reports DST up to 1990, but the IATA reports no DST
+# in 1995, stopped observing DST in mid-1990.
+#
+# Under these assumptions Brazil needs 7 entries to cover all the distinct
+# time zone histories since 1970:
+#
+# Noronha (UTC-2), Fortaleza (UTC-3), and Manaus (UTC-4) stopped observing DST
+# in mid-1990.
+# Maceio (UTC-3) stopped observing DST in mid-1990, but started again mid-1995.
+# Sao Paulo (UTC-3) and Cuiaba (UTC-4) always observed DST.
+# Porto Acre (UTC-5) stopped observing DST in mid-1988.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1 D
+Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1:00 D
Rule Brazil 1932 1933 - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1932 only - Oct 3 0:00 1 D
-Rule Brazil 1949 1952 - Dec 1 0:00 1 D
+Rule Brazil 1932 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1949 1952 - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Brazil 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 0 S
Rule Brazil 1951 1953 - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1963 only - Dec 9 0:00 1 D
+Rule Brazil 1963 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Brazil 1964 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1965 only - Jan 31 0:00 1 D
+Rule Brazil 1965 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Brazil 1965 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1965 only - Dec 1 0:00 1 D
+Rule Brazil 1965 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Brazil 1966 1968 - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1966 1967 - Nov 1 0:00 1 D
-Rule Brazil 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1 D
+Rule Brazil 1966 1967 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Brazil 1986 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1986 1987 - Oct Sat<=28 0:00 1 D
+Rule Brazil 1986 1987 - Oct Sat<=28 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Brazil 1987 only - Feb 14 0:00 0 S
Rule Brazil 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 S
Rule Brazil 1989 only - Jan 22 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1988 max - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1 D
-Rule Brazil 1990 max - Feb Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1988 1989 - Oct Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1990 1991 - Feb Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1990 1992 - Oct Sun>=20 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1992 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1993 max - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1996 max - Feb Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+#
+# Fernando de Noronha
Zone America/Noronha -2:09:40 - LMT 1914
-2:00 - FST 1963 Dec 9
- -2:00 Brazil F%sT
+ -2:00 Brazil F%sT 1990 Jul
+ -2:00 - FST
+#
+# Amapa, east Para, Maranhao, Piaui, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba,
+# Pernambuco (except Fernando de Noronha)
+Zone America/Fortaleza -2:34:00 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 - EST 1963 Dec 9
+ -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1990 Jul
+ -3:00 - EST
+#
+# Alagoas, Sergipe, Tocantins
+Zone America/Maceio -2:22:52 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 - EST 1963 Dec 9
+ -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1990 Jul
+ -3:00 - EST 1995 Jul
+ -3:00 Brazil E%sT
+#
+# Bahia, Goias, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro,
+# Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul
Zone America/Sao_Paulo -3:06:28 - LMT 1914
-3:00 Brazil E%sT
-Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914
+#
+# Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul
+Zone America/Cuiaba -3:44:20 - LMT 1914
-4:00 - WST 1963 Dec 9
-4:00 Brazil W%sT
+#
+# Roraima, west Para, Amazonas, Rondonia
+Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 - WST 1963 Dec 9
+ -4:00 Brazil W%sT 1990 Jul
+ -4:00 - WST
+#
+# Acre
# Rio_Branco is too ambiguous, since there's a Rio Branco in Uruguay too.
Zone America/Porto_Acre -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
-5:00 - AST 1963 Dec 9
- -5:00 Brazil A%sT
+ -5:00 Brazil A%sT 1988 Jul
+ -5:00 - AST
#
# Martin Vaz and Trinidade are like America/Noronha.
# of October.... The law is the same for March and October.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Chile 1918 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Chile 1919 only - Jul 2 0:00 0 S
-Rule Chile 1927 1931 - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Chile 1928 1932 - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Chile 1969 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Chile 1970 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 S
+Rule Chile 1918 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1919 only - Jul 2 0:00 0 -
+Rule Chile 1927 1931 - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1928 1932 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Chile 1969 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1970 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 -
+# IATA SSIM anomalies: (1990-09) says 1990-09-16; (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
+# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08. Ignore these for now.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Santiago -4:42:40 - LMT 1890
- -4:43 - SMT 1910 # Santiago Mean Time
- -5:00 Chile C%sT 1932 Sep
- -4:00 Chile C%sT
+ -4:42:40 - SMT 1910 # Santiago Mean Time
+ -5:00 Chile CL%sT 1932 Sep # Chile Time
+ -4:00 Chile CL%sT
Zone Pacific/Easter -7:17:28 - LMT 1890 # Mataveri
- -7:17 - MMT 1932 Sep # Mataveri Mean Time
- -7:00 Chile M%sT 1982 Mar 14
- -6:00 Chile C%sT
+ -7:17:28 - MMT 1932 Sep # Mataveri Mean Time
+ -7:00 Chile EAS%sT 1982 Mar 14 # Easter I Time
+ -6:00 Chile EAS%sT
#
# Whitman says Juan Fernandez Is are like America/Santiago.
# San Ambrosio, San Felix
# Colombia
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule CO 1992 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule CO 1992 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Bogota -4:56:20 - LMT 1884 Mar 13
- -4:56 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
- -5:00 - EST
+ -4:56:20 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
+ -5:00 CO CO%sT # Colombia Time
# Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
# no information; probably like America/Bogota
# Curacao
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Curacao -4:35:44 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
- -4:30 - NAST 1965 # Netherlands Antilles
+ -4:30 - ANT 1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
-4:00 - AST
# Ecuador
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Guayaquil -5:19:20 - LMT 1890
- -5:14 - QMT 1931 # Quito Mean Time
- -5:00 - EST
+ -5:14:00 - QMT 1931 # Quito Mean Time
+ -5:00 - ECT # Ecuador Time
Zone Pacific/Galapagos -5:58:24 - LMT 1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
- -5:00 - EST 1986
- -6:00 - CST
+ -5:00 - ECT 1986
+ -6:00 - GALT # Galapagos Time
# Falklands
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Falk 1937 1938 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Falk 1938 1942 - Mar Sun>=19 0:00 0 S
-Rule Falk 1939 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Falk 1940 1942 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Falk 1943 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Falk 1983 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Falk 1984 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 0 S
-Rule Falk 1984 only - Sep 16 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Falk 1985 max - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Falk 1986 max - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 0 S
+Rule Falk 1937 1938 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1938 1942 - Mar Sun>=19 0:00 0 -
+Rule Falk 1939 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1940 1942 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1943 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Falk 1983 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1984 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Falk 1984 only - Sep 16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1985 1995 - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1986 max - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 0 -
+Rule Falk 1996 max - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Stanley -3:51:24 - LMT 1890
- -3:51 - SMT 1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
- -4:00 Falk A%sT 1983 May
- -3:00 Falk E%sT 1985 Sep 15
- -4:00 Falk A%sT
+ -3:51:24 - SMT 1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
+ -4:00 Falk FK%sT 1983 May # Falkland Is Time
+ -3:00 Falk FK%sT 1985 Sep 15
+ -4:00 Falk FK%sT
# French Guiana
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Cayenne -3:29:20 - LMT 1911 Jul
- -4:00 - AST 1967 Oct
- -3:00 - EST
+ -4:00 - GFT 1967 Oct # French Guiana Time
+ -3:00 - GFT
# Guyana
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Guyana -3:52:40 - LMT 1915 Mar # Georgetown
- -3:45 - BGST 1975 Jul 31 # British Guiana ST
- -3:00 - EST
-
+ -3:45 - GBGT 1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time
+ -3:45 - GYT 1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time
+ -3:00 - GYT 1991
+# IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00. Assume a 1991 switch.
+ -4:00 - GYT
# Paraguay
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# Paraguay: First day in October to last in March. Midnight switch??
# Since 1980.
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# PARAGUAY 4 H BEHIND UTC
# PARAGUAY 3 H BEHIND UTC OCT 1, '88-MAR 31, '89
# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Para 1975 1978 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Para 1975 1978 - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Para 1975 1978 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1975 1978 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
# Shanks says 1979 was all DST.
-Rule Para 1980 max - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Para 1980 1988 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Para 1989 only - Oct 22 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Para 1990 max - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Para 1980 1991 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Para 1980 1988 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1989 only - Oct 22 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1990 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1991 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1992 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Para 1992 only - Oct 5 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1993 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 -
+Rule Para 1993 max - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1994 1995 - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Para 1996 max - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890
- -3:51 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
- -4:00 - AST 1972 Oct
- -3:00 - EST 1974 Apr
- -4:00 Para A%sT
+ -3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
+ -4:00 - PYT 1972 Oct # Paraguay Time
+ -3:00 - PYT 1974 Apr
+ -4:00 Para PY%sT
# Peru
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Peru 1938 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Peru 1938 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Peru 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Peru 1939 1940 - Mar Sun>=24 0:00 0 S
-Rule Peru 1987 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Peru 1987 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Peru 1990 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Peru 1990 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Peru 1938 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Peru 1938 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Peru 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Peru 1939 1940 - Mar Sun>=24 0:00 0 -
+Rule Peru 1987 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Peru 1987 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Peru 1990 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Peru 1990 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Peru 1993 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Peru 1993 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Lima -5:08:12 - LMT 1890
- -5:09 - LMT 1908 Jul 28
- -5:00 Peru E%sT
+ -5:09 - LMT 1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time
+ -5:00 Peru PE%sT # Peru Time
# South Georgia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 - LMT 1890 # Grytviken
- -2:00 - FST
+ -2:00 - GST # South Georgia Time
# South Sandwich Is
# uninhabited
Zone America/Paramaribo -3:40:40 - LMT 1911
-3:40:52 - PMT 1935 # Paramaribo Mean Time
-3:40:36 - PMT 1945 Oct # The capital moved?
- -3:30 - DGST 1984 Oct # Dutch Guiana Std Time
- -3:00 - EST
+ -3:30 - NEGT 1975 Nov 20 # Dutch Guiana Time
+ -3:30 - SRT 1984 Oct # Suriname Time
+ -3:00 - SRT
# Trinidad and Tobago
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-4:00 - AST
# Uruguay
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
# Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
-Rule Uruguay 1923 only - Oct 2 0:00 0:30 HD
-Rule Uruguay 1924 1926 - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0:30 HD
-Rule Uruguay 1933 1935 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HD
+Rule Uruguay 1923 only - Oct 2 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Uruguay 1924 1926 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Uruguay 1933 1935 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 1 0:00 and 1936 Mar 30 0:00; go with Whitman.
-Rule Uruguay 1934 1936 - Mar Sat>=25 23:30s 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 0:30 HD
-Rule Uruguay 1937 1941 - Mar lastSun 0:00 0 S
+Rule Uruguay 1934 1936 - Mar Sat>=25 23:30s 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Uruguay 1937 1941 - Mar lastSun 0:00 0 -
# Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks.
-Rule Uruguay 1937 1940 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HD
+Rule Uruguay 1937 1940 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
# Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
# and 1943 Apr 13 ``to present time''; go with Shanks.
-Rule Uruguay 1941 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Jan 1 0:00 0:30 HD
-Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1943 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1959 only - May 24 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1959 only - Nov 15 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1960 only - Jan 17 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1960 only - Mar 6 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1965 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1965 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1966 1967 - Oct 31 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1968 1970 - May 27 0:00 0:30 HD
-Rule Uruguay 1968 1970 - Dec 2 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1972 only - Apr 24 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1972 only - Aug 15 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Mar 10 0:00 0:30 HD
-Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Dec 22 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1976 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1977 only - Dec 4 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1978 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1980 only - May 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1987 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Dec 11 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Mar 12 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Oct 29 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1990 only - Mar 4 0:00 0 S
+Rule Uruguay 1941 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Jan 1 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1943 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1959 only - May 24 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1959 only - Nov 15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1960 only - Jan 17 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1960 only - Mar 6 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1965 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1965 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1966 1967 - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1968 1970 - May 27 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Uruguay 1968 1970 - Dec 2 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1972 only - Apr 24 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1972 only - Aug 15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Mar 10 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Dec 22 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1976 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1977 only - Dec 4 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1978 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1980 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1987 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Dec 11 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Mar 12 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Oct 29 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1990 1991 - Oct Sun>=21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1992 1993 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1993 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 - LMT 1898 Jun 28
- -3:45 - MMT 1920 May 1 # Montevideo MT
- -3:30 Uruguay U%sT 1942 Dec 14 # Uruguay ST
- -3:00 Uruguay E%sT
+ -3:44:44 - MMT 1920 May 1 # Montevideo MT
+ -3:30 Uruguay UY%sT 1942 Dec 14 # Uruguay Time
+ -3:00 Uruguay UY%sT
# Venezuela
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Caracas -4:27:44 - LMT 1890
- -4:28 - CMT 1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time
- -4:30 - VZT 1965 # Venezuela Time
- -4:00 - AST
+ -4:27:44 - CMT 1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time
+ -4:30 - VET 1965 # Venezuela Time
+ -4:00 - VET
+# $OpenBSD: systemv,v 1.2 1997/01/14 04:36:58 millert Exp $
# @(#)systemv 7.2
# Old rules, should the need arise.
-#!/bin/sh
+#! /bin/sh
+# $OpenBSD: yearistype.sh,v 1.3 1997/01/14 04:36:58 millert Exp $
: '@(#)yearistype.sh 7.4'
projects / openbsd / commitdiff