-# @(#)africa 7.28
+# @(#)africa 7.33
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
#
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
#
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
-Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr Fri>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1995 max - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks.
# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman
# each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
-#
-# From Shanks, as corrected by Whitman:
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
-0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1987 1990 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1990 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Libya 1996 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Libya 1996 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
2:00 - EET 1982
- 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1991
- 2:00 - EET 1996 Mar 30 3:00
- 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 0:00
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
+# The following entries are all from Shanks;
+# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
+ 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
+ 1:00 - CET 1997 Apr 4
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1997 Oct 4
2:00 - EET
# Madagascar
2:00 - CAT
# Namibia
-# Shanks says DST transitions are at 0:00; go with IATA.
# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks.
+# Shanks reports no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
#
# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
# The following information about them is taken from
-# <a href="http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm">
-# Iles Eparses
-# </a>
-# (1997-07-22, in French). We have no info about their time zone histories.
+# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
+# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
+# We have no info about their time zone histories.
#
# Bassas da India - uninhabited
# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
2:00 - CAT
# St Helena
-# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-05):
-# Shanks says St Helena was 1W26 (-0:05:44) from 1890 to 1951,
-# but this is most likely a typo for 5W42, the longitude of Jamestown.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
-0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
2:00 SA SAST
-# Shanks erroneously claims that most of South Africa switched to 1:00
-# on 1994-04-03 at 00:00.
-#
# Marion and Prince Edward Is
# scientific station since 1947
# no information
# Sudan
-# From Michael Ross <mross@antigone.com> (1995-11-15):
-# Sudan no longer observes any form of daylight time change.
-# I verified this today by telephone with the Sudan Mission to the
-# United Nations: 212-573-6033
+#
+# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
+# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
+# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
+# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
+# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
+# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
- 2:00 Sudan CA%sT
+ 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
+ 3:00 - EAT
# Swaziland
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# @(#)antarctica 7.15
+# @(#)antarctica 7.18
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
-# <a href="http://www.delm.tas.gov.au/comnap/members.html">
-# Antarctic Activities of Member Nations of the Antarctic Treaty (1996-05-24)
+# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
+# COMNAP - Stations and Bases
# </a>
# and
# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 -
-# Argentina - 6 year-round bases
-# General Belgrano II
-# 5 others
+# Argentina - year-round bases
+# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
+# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
+# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
+# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
+# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
+# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
+# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
# Australia - territories
# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
+# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
+# Margaret Turner reports
+# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
+# presumably this is when they have visitors.
#
# year-round bases
-# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, since 1969
-# Davis, Vestfold Hills, since 1957-01-13 (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
-# Mawson, Holme Bay, since 1954-02-13
+# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
+# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
+# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
+# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - ___ 1969
8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time
# Brazil - year-round base
# Ferraz, King George Island, since 1983/4
-# Chile - 4 year-round bases
+# Chile - year-round bases
+# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
+# Frei, King George Is, -6214-05848, since 1969
+# O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
+# Prat, -6230-05941
# China - year-round bases
# Great Wall, King George Island, since 1985-02-20
# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, since 1989-02-26
-# Finland - year-round base
-# Aboa, Queen Maud Land, since 1988
-
# France - year-round bases
#
# From Antoine Leca <Antoine.Leca@Renault.FR> (1997-01-20):
5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
#
# year-round base in the main continent
-# Dumont-d'Urville, Terre Adelie (Adelie Land), -6640+14001, since 1956-11
+# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
#
# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - ___ 1957 Jan 29
3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
# See:
-# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/jare.html">
-# Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) (1998-04-09)
+# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
+# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
# </a>
# S Korea - year-round base
# Peter I Island (never inhabited)
# Poland - year-round base
-# Arctowski, King George Island, since 1977
+# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
# Russia - year-round bases
-# Bellingshausen, King George Island
-# Mirny
+# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
+# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
# Molodezhnaya
# Novolazarevskaya
# Vostok
# and a garrison was deployed briefly
#
# year-round bases
+# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-2619, since 1956-01-06
# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
# Uruguay - year round base
-# Artigas, King George Island
+# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
# USA - year-round bases
#
-# @(#)asia 7.42
+# @(#)asia 7.55
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
#
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
-# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
#
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
4:30 - AFT
# Armenia
-# From Paul Eggert (1998-??-??):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
# Shanks has Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) in spring 1991,
-# but usno1995 has Armenia at 4:00 (with DST), and Edgar Der-Danieliantz
+# then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then readopting Russian DST in 1997.
+# Go with Shanks, even when he disagrees with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
# <edd@AIC.NET> reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
-# What a mess! We guess Yerevan DST stayed in sync with Moscow between 1990
-# and 1995, did not use DST in 1996, and started using DST again in 1997.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
- 3:00 1:00 AMST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s # Armenia Time
- 3:00 - AMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1996
+ 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
4:00 - AMT 1997
4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
# Go with Shanks for now. I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones.
-# From Shanks (1995):
+# From Shanks:
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
- 8:00 HK HK%sT 1997 Jul 1 # return to China
- 8:00 PRC C%sT
+ 8:00 HK HK%sT
###############################################################################
# Taiwan
-# Shanks (1995) writes that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
+# Shanks writes that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
# have any other information.
4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT
+# East Timor
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
+ 8:00 - TPT 1942 Feb 21 23:00
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
+ 9:00 - TPT 1976 May 3
+ 8:00 - TPT # East Timor Time
+
# India
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880
# Indonesia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
- 7:07:12 - JMT 1924 Jan 1 0:13 # Jakarta MT
+# Shanks says the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
+# but this must be a typo.
+ 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
7:30 - JAVT 1942 Mar 23
9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
9:00 - JAYT
# Iran
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-12-17), following up a suggestion by Rich Wales:
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27), following up a suggestion by Rich Wales:
# Ahmea Alavi in
# <a href="http://tehran.stanford.edu/Iran_Lib/Calendar/taghveem.txt">
-# TAGHVEEM (1993-08-04)
+# TAGHVEEM (1993-07-12)
# </a>
# writes ``Daylight saving time in Iran starts from the first day
# of Farvardin and ends the first day of Mehr.'' This disagrees with the SSIM:
# 1995 03-21 03-21 09-22!= 09-23
# 1996 03-21!= 03-20 09-21!= 09-22
# 1997 03-21 03-21 09-21!= 09-23
+# 1998 03-21 03-21 09-21!= 09-23
+# 1999 03-22!= 03-21 09-22!= 09-23
+# 2000 03-21!= 03-20 09-21!= 09-22
+# 2001 03-17!= 03-21 09-19!= 09-23
#
# Go with Alavi starting with 1992.
# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 19.34 to compute Persian dates.
Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
+# Shanks says Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997 or 1999 on; ignore this.
Rule Iraq 1991 max - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
Rule Iraq 1991 max - Oct 1 3:00s 0 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# ISRAEL 2 H AHEAD OF UTC
# ISRAEL 3 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 10 - SEP 3
-# From Shanks (1995):
+# From Shanks:
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
# From Ephraim Silverberg <ephraim@cs.huji.ac.il>
-# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16 and 1998-12-28):
+# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, and 2000-01-17):
# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. Starting in 1999, the change to
# daylight savings time will still be on a Friday morning but from
# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
-# will now also be on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST.
+# will now also be on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
+# 1999 only. In the years from 2000 to 2002, the change back will be from
+# 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST the morning after the Jewish festival of
+# Shmini Atzeret (i.e. the morning of the 23rd of Tishrei in the lunar
+# Hebrew calendar).
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
-# Due to imminent elections in 1999, there are no dates for the year 2000
-# and beyond. There was a move to legislate the DST rules in Israel, but
-# due to the government's fall, it most likely won't be brought to the Knesset
-# for first reading before the elections and will probably be altered by the
-# newly elected government.
+# Minister of Interior, Natan Sharansky, has announced the dates for
+# the years 2000-2002. However, sources inside the ministry have noted
+# that the end date of 2000 and both dates of 2001-2002 should be regarded
+# as tentative pending final approval.
+#
+# The official announcement for the years 2000-2002 can be viewed at:
+#
+# ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2002.ps.gz
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30):
-# Here are guesses for rules after 1999.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 22 2:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 2001 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 2002 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 S
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-17):
+# Here are guesses for rules after 2002.
# They are probably wrong, but they are more likely than no DST at all.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 2000 max - Apr Fri>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2000 max - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 2003 max - Mar Fri>=25 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 2003 max - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
# Jordan
+#
+# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
+# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
+# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
+# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
+# all year round.
+#
+# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
+# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
+# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
+# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
+# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
+# government's departments from six to seven hours.
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1993 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1995 max - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1999 max - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
2:00 Jordan EE%sT
4:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT
# Kirgizstan
+# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Kirgiz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Kirgiz 1991 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Kirgiz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 # independence
+ 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
5:00 Kirgiz KG%sT # Kirgizstan Time
###############################################################################
# Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987. He did not know
# at what time of day DST starts or ends.
-# From Shanks (1995):
+# From Shanks:
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
# Mongolia
+
# Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and the CIA map
# Standard Time Zones of the World (1997-01)
-# </a>
# both say that it has just one.
-# Let's comment out the western and eastern Mongolian time zones
-# till we know what their principal towns are.
+
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
+# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
+# General Information Mongolia
+# </a> (1999-09)
+# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
+# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
+# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
+# eight hours."
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
+# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
+# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
+# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
+# of implementation may have been different....
+# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
+# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
+# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
+# For now, we'll comment out the east zone (Choybalsan)
+# and use Shanks's and the IATA's data for the daylight-saving rules.
+# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
+# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
+# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
+# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
+# is good enough for our purposes.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Mongol 1985 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Mongol 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
-Rule Mongol 1991 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Mongol 1991 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Mongol 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Mongol 1996 only - Oct Fri>=22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Mongol 1997 max - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1996-10-25; go with Shanks.
+Rule Mongol 1996 only - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Mongol 1997 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-#Zone Asia/Dariv 6:14:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
-# 6:00 - DART 1978 # Dariv Time
-# 7:00 Mongol DAR%sT
-Zone Asia/Ulan_Bator 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
- 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulan Bator Time
+Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
+ 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
+ 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
+Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
+ 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
-#Zone Asia/Baruun-Urt 7:33:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
-# 8:00 - BART 1978 # Baruun-Urt Time
-# 9:00 Mongol BAR%sT
+# We're not sure about this entry yet, so we'll omit it for now.
+#Zone Asia/Choybalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
+# 8:00 - CHOT 1978 # Choybalsan Time
+# 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 19??
+# 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
# Nepal
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
-# These rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
+# Daoud Kuttab writes in
+# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
+# Holiday havoc
+# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
+# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
+# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
+# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
+# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
+
+# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
+
+Rule Palestine 1999 max - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Palestine 1999 max - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
- 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
+ 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
+ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
# Paracel Is
# no information
# Philippines
-# Howse writes that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
+# Howse writes (p 153) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
# The rest of this data is from Shanks.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
# Sri Lanka
# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
-# <a href="http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html">
-# Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout (1996-05-24)
-# </a>
+# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
+# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
+# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
-# Transitions before 1996 are from Shanks (1995).
#
# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
# by Shamindra in
Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
-# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1997-03-31; (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
-# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; ignore all these claims for now.
-Rule Syria 1994 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
+# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
+# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
+# ignore all these claims and go with Shanks.
+Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1994 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1999 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920
2:00 Syria EE%sT
# Tajikistan
-# From Shanks (1995), who writes ``date of change uncertain'' for 1991.
+# From Shanks.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 # independence
- 5:00 RussiaAsia TJ%sT 1992
+ 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
# Thailand
7:00 - ICT
# Turkmenistan
-# From Shanks (1995):
+# From Shanks.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Ashkhabad 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashgabat
4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
- 5:00 - ASHT 1981 Apr 1
- 5:00 1:00 ASHST 1981 Oct 1
- 6:00 - ASHT 1982 Apr 1
- 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991
- 5:00 - ASHT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
- 5:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1993 # Turkmenistan Time
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
5:00 - TMT
# United Arab Emirates
4:00 - GST
# Uzbekistan
-# From Shanks (1995):
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 # Tashkent Time
- 5:00 - TAST 1991 Sep 1 # independence
- 5:00 - UZT 1992
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993
5:00 - UZT
Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 - TAST 1991 Sep 1 # independence
- 5:00 - UZT 1992
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993
5:00 - UZT
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
# Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
# We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Shanks:
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
-# @(#)australasia 7.46
+# @(#)australasia 7.56
# This file also includes Pacific islands.
# Notes are at the end of this file
# Australia
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-# Shanks gives 1917 Jan 1 0:01; go with Whitman (and guess 2:00).
-Rule Aus 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
-# Whitman says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944, and that
-# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944; go with Shanks.
+# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
+# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
+# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Northern Territory
Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
9:00 - CST 1899 May
- 9:30 - CST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
9:30 Aus CST
# Western Australia
Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
- 8:00 - WST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
- 8:00 Aus WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s
+ 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
+ 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s
8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s
8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
# so use Lindeman.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Holiday 1989 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule Holiday 1990 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
- 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
- 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
- 10:00 1:00 EST 1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s
+ 10:00 Aus EST 1971
10:00 AQ EST
Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
- 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
- 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
- 10:00 1:00 EST 1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s
+ 10:00 Aus EST 1971
+ 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
10:00 Holiday EST
# South Australia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
9:00 - CST 1899 May
- 9:30 - CST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
- 9:30 Aus CST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
+ 9:30 Aus CST 1971
9:30 AS CST
# Tasmania
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule AT 1967 only - Oct 1 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AT 1968 only - Mar 31 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AT 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AT 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AT 1987 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AT 1991 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
- 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
- 10:00 Aus EST 1967 Oct 1 2:00s
+ 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
+ 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
+ 10:00 Aus EST 1967
10:00 AT EST
# Victoria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AV 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AV 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AV 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AV 2000 only - Aug 26 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
- 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
- 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct 31 2:00s
+ 10:00 Aus EST 1971
10:00 AV EST
# New South Wales
Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AN 2000 only - Aug 26 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
- 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
- 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct 31 2:00s
+ 10:00 Aus EST 1971
10:00 AN EST
Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
9:00 - CST 1899 May
- 9:30 - CST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
- 9:30 Aus CST 1971 Oct 31 2:00s
- 9:30 AN CST
+ 9:30 Aus CST 1971
+ 9:30 AN CST 2000
+ 9:30 AS CST
# Lord Howe Island
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 0:30 -
-Rule LH 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
+Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
+Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
10:30 LH LHST
#
# Ashmore Is, Cartier
# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
-# no information; probably like Australia/Perth
+# like Australia/Perth, says Turner
#
# Coral Sea Is
# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
# Macquarie
# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
-# no information
-#
-# Manihiki, Penrhyn, Rakehanga
-# no information
+# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner
# Christmas
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
# Cook Is
-# From Shanks (1995):
+# From Shanks:
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time
Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
- 11:00 - PONT 1969 Oct
- 12:00 - KOST # Kosrae Time
+ 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
+ 12:00 - KOST 1999
+ 11:00 - KOST
# Nauru
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
+# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
-# Palau
+# Palau (Belau)
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
# Pitcairn
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
- -8:30 - PNT # Pitcairn Time
+ -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
+ -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
# American Samoa
Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
-10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
# Tonga
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Tonga 1999 max - Oct Sat>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tonga 2000 max - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
- 12:20 - TOT 1968 Oct # Tonga Time
- 13:00 - TOT
+ 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
+ 13:00 - TOT 1999
+ 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
# Tuvalu
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
#
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
# -11:00 SST Samoa
# -10:00 HST Hawaii
+# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
#
# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
# Australia
+# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
+# Australia's Daylight Saving Times
+# </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
+
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
# </a>
# ACT
-# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
+# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
# </a>
# SA
# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
# it matches what was used in the past.
+# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
+# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
+# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
+# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
+
# Queensland
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
# Tasmania
-# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
-# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
-# ...Tasmania will revert to Australian Eastern Standard Time on March 31...
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
+# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
+# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
-# ...
-# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 AT %sST
-# ...
-# Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 E
-# Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 3:00 0 E
-# Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
-# Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
-# Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 E
-# Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
-# Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 E
-# Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule AT 1991 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 E
-
-# From Bill Hart via Alexander Dupuy and Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
-# My state Government in there eagerness to get a few more bucks for the
-# tourist industry industry decided to change the daylight savings times
-# yet again (we now have almost 6 months per year)...
-# ...
-# Rule Oz 1986 1990 - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 -
-# Rule Oz 1991 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
-# ...
-# Rule Oz 1987 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
-# Rule Oz 1991 max - Mar Sun<=31 3:00 0 -
# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
# (but nothing new about that).
-# Victoria
+# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
+# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
+# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
+# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
+# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
+# instead of the first Sunday in October.
-# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
-# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
-# ...Victoria...[has] agreed to end daylight saving at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
+# Victoria
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
+# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
+# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
-# ...
-# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 AV %sST
-# ...
-# Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
-# Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
-# Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 E
-# Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule AV 1988 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule AV 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
# New South Wales
# legislation. This is very important to understand.
# I have researched New South Wales time only...
-# From Dave Davey (1990-03-03):
-# Rule NSW 1988 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
-# Rule NSW 1989 only - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
-
-# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
-# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
-# NSW...[has] agreed to end daylight saving at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# # The state of NEW SOUTH WALES.. [confirmed by Attorney General's Dept N.S.W]
-# # [ Dec 1990 ]
-# ...
-# Rule AN 1988 1989 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 E
-# ...
-
-# From John Mackin (1991-03-09)
-# I have confirmed the accuracy of the historical data for NSW in the
-# file Robert forwarded
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
-# Sources differ on whether DST ended March 6 or March 20 in 1988;
-# March 20 (the "confirmed" date) is in the chosen rules.
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
+# The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission
+# <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm">
+# Daylight Saving
+# </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST.
+# The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department
+# publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See:
+# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">
+# Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales
+# </a>
-# From Bradley White (1995-05-20):
-# Prem Bob Carr announced NSW will fall into line with other E states
-# and SA and continue daylight savings to the last Sun in Mar.
+# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26):
+# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
+# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
+# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
+# Two months more daylight saving
+# </a>
+# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
-# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1997-06-12):
-# The NSW state government in Australia is talking about bringing the start
-# of daylight savings time forward in the year 2000 to cater for the Olympics.
-# This is going to take some time to be negotiated, because the plan is to do
-# this in multiple states due to soccer games (which are not just in Sydney).
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
+# See the following official NSW source:
+# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
+# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
+# </a>
+#
+# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
+# daylight saving next year. See:
+# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
+# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
+# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
+#
+# Victoria will following NSW. See:
+# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
+# Vic to extend daylight saving
+# </a> (1999-07-28).
+#
+# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
+# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
+# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
+# </a> (1999-07-19).
+#
+# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
+# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
+# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
+# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
+# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
+# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
+# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
+# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
+# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
+#
+# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
+# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
+# Broken Hill to be behind the times
+# </a> (1999-07-21).
# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
-# Hill, and Victoria will be August 26, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
+# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
# Yancowinna
# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
# hour ahead of NSW time.
-# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
-# For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1991.
-# Lord Howe is part of NSW, so we'll guess it has used the same transition
-# times as NSW since 1991, even though Shanks writes that Lord Howe went
-# with Victoria when NSW and Victoria disagreed in 1982.
+# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
+# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
+# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
+# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
+# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
+# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
+# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents
+# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
+# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
+# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-31):
+# For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter.
###############################################################################
-# New Zealand, from Elz' asia 1.1
-# Elz says "no guarantees"
+# New Zealand
# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
-# Shanks gives no data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
-# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1996)
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
+# Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
+# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999)
# gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time.
-# Guess that they adopted DST in 1990.
+# Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990.
###############################################################################
+
# Fiji
-# Howse writes that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
-# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on +12:00.
-# Perhaps it didn't take. We go with Shanks's more precise date in 1915.
+# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
+# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
+# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
+# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
+
# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
# millenium.
+
# Johnston
# Johnston data is from usno1995.
+
# Kiribati
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
+
# Kwajalein
# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
+
# N Mariana Is, Guam
-# Howse writes ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
+# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
# Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila.
+
# Micronesia
# Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16),
# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
#
-# Shanks writes that Truk switched from GMT+10 to GMT+11 on 1978-10-01;
+# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01;
# ignore this for now.
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
+# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
+# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
+# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
+# </a> (1999-01-26)
+# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
+# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
+
+
+# Pitcairn
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
+# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
+# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
+#
+# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
+# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
+# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
+#
+# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
+# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
+# somehow in light of this proclamation.
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
+# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
+# ... at midnight.
+
+# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
+# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
+# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
+# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
+
+
# Samoa
-# Howse writes that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
+# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
+# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
+
# Tonga
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
+
+# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
+# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
+# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
+# </a>:
+
+# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
+# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
+# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
+# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
+# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
+# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
+#
+# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
+# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
+# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
+#
+# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
+# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
+# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
+# minutes we have lost?"
+#
+# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
+# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
+# to say your prayers in the morning."
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12):
+# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
+
+# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
+# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
+# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
+# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
+# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
+# Government.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09):
+# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
+#
+# I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>:
+# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
+# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
+# </a>
+#
+# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
+# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
+# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
+# (12 + 1 hour DST).
+
+# From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20):
+# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>
+# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
+# </a>:
+# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
+# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
+# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
+# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
+# set back an hour on the closing date."
+# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
+# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
+# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
+
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# The International Date Line
+
+# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
+#
+# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
+# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
+# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
+# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
+#
+# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
+# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
+# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
+# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
+# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
+# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
+# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.
+#
+# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that
+# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at
+# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is
+# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
+# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
+# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
+# correct date is ambiguous.
-# @(#)backward 7.15
+# @(#)backward 7.17
# This file provides links between current names for time zones
# and their old names. Many names changed in late 1993.
Link America/Adak America/Atka
+Link America/Tijuana America/Ensenada
Link America/Indianapolis America/Fort_Wayne
Link America/Indiana/Knox America/Knox_IN
Link America/St_Thomas America/Virgin
Link Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Tel_Aviv
+Link Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Ulan_Bator
Link Australia/Sydney Australia/ACT
Link Australia/Sydney Australia/Canberra
Link Australia/Lord_Howe Australia/LHI
Link Africa/Cairo Egypt
Link Europe/Dublin Eire
Link Europe/London GB
+Link Europe/London GB-Eire
Link Etc/GMT+0 GMT+0
Link Etc/GMT-0 GMT-0
Link Etc/GMT0 GMT0
-# @(#)europe 7.60
+# @(#)europe 7.71
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
#
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
-# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
-# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991,
+# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
#
# Other sources occasionally used include:
#
# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
-# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828);
-# it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844),
-# famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude.
+# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
+# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
-# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847 Sep 22 the
+# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
-# adopted at all stations; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists most major
+# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
+# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
+# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
-# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the Great Clock
-# in Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
+# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
+# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
-# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2.
+# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
#
# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
-# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much
-# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time.
+# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
+# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30):
# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
-# who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
+# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19):
-# The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time
-# legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about
-# the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
-#
-# Things that I have not personally seen are marked (???). Things that
-# I haven't seen but Joseph Myers has are marked (jsm). The problem
-# with finding old Orders (rather than Acts) is that nobody seems to
-# keep the actual documents themselves, not even the Government. They
-# get bound into annual volumes, which are published, but by the time
-# this happens the Orders are mainly spent as the years they refer
-# to have come and gone, so they don't get included in the annual
-# volumes.
-#
-# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
-# the dusty old statutes, to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
-# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
-# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter),
-# and to Joseph Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk>, who tracked down the Orders
-# up to 1945, some of the old Acts, and the first five EC Directives.
-#
-# Some definitions:
-#
-# Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales
-# United Kingdom: Great Britain plus Ireland (up to 1922) or Northern
-# Ireland (since 1922)
-# S.I.: Statutory Instrument, the modern name for secondary legislation
-# S.R.&O.: Statutory Rules and Orders, the older name for secondary legislation
-#
-# Unless otherwise specified, Acts and secondary legislation are assumed
-# to apply throughout the United Kingdom, but not to the Isle of Man
-# or the Channel Islands.
-#
-# Some of the Acts and Orders I found in various libraries, and I don't
-# have copies. When I looked at them I was looking for dates and not things
-# like whether they applied to the Bailiwick of Jersey. I will try to
-# check these documents again.
-#
-# ---
-#
-# - The Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 (43 & 44 Vict. c. 9)
-#
-# Defined Greenwich mean time to be the standard time in Great Britain
-# and Dublin mean time to be the standard time in Ireland, superseding
-# various forms of local mean time.
-#
-# - The Statutory Time Act, 1883 (???)
-#
-# An Act of Tynwald, the Isle of Man Parliament. It appears to have
-# defined the standard time on the Isle of Man as GMT but as I haven't
-# seen it I don't know if it used Greenwich mean time, some other definition,
-# or just said that Isle of Man time would be the same as in Great Britain.
-#
-# - The Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5. c. 62)
-#
-# Gives the power, by Order in Council, to extend wartime legislation
-# to the Isle of Man.
-#
-# - The Summer Time Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 14)
-#
-# Introduced Summer Time for the first time, in Great Britain and Ireland.
-# Specified a one hour offset from GMT (DMT in Ireland), dates of
-# Sunday 21 May and Sunday 1 October and times of 02:00 (GMT/DMT).
-# Gave a power to make Orders in subsequent years, for the duration
-# of the then current war.
-#
-# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 45)
-#
-# This abolished Dublin mean time at 02:00 DMT on Sunday 1 October 1916,
-# bringing the whole of the United Kingdom onto GMT. As Ireland was behind
-# GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct Great Britain had already put the clocks back.
-# Using Paul Eggert's suggestion of IST for Irish Summer Time and the figure
-# derived from Whitman for the offset of IST from GMT (00:34:39) the sequence
-# would have been:
-# Dublin London
-# 02:34:38 IST 02:59:59 BST
-# 02:34:39 IST 02:00:00 GMT
-# 02:59:59 IST 02:25:20 GMT
-# 02:25:21 GMT 02:25:21 GMT
-# with the transition 03:00:00 IST -> 02:00:00 DMT -> 02:25:21 GMT all at once.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382
-#
-# An Order made under the Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914
-# extending the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. Dated
-# 23 May 1916, two days after the start of Summer Time, but it says that
-# the Act is deemed to have taken effect in the Isle of Man at the same
-# time as it took effect in the United Kingdom.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 362
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
-# for Summer Time in 1917 of Sunday 8 April to Monday 17 September,
-# both at 02:00 GMT. Note that Summer Time ends on a Monday.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time (Isle of Man) Act, 1916
-# (the thing created by S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382) specifying the same
-# dates of 8 April to 17 September, at 02:00 GMT for the Isle of Man.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
-# for Summer Time in 1918 of Sunday 24 March to Monday 30 September,
-# both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 429
-#
-# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1918 with the same dates and times.
-#
-# - The Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918
-# (8 & 9 Geo. 5. c. 59)
-#
-# This gave power to specify a legal end date for the war just ended,
-# which would affect things like the Summer Time Act, 1916, which applied
-# only in wartime. This date was to be close to the date of formal
-# ratification of the treaty or treaties of peace.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
-# for Summer Time in 1919 of Sunday 30 March to Monday 29 September,
-# both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 366
-#
-# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1919 with the same dates and times.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
-# for Summer Time in 1920 of Sunday 28 March to Monday 27 September,
-# both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573
-#
-# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1920 with the same dates and times.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
-#
-# An Order modifying both S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 and S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 to
-# change the end date for Summer Time from Monday 27 September to
-# Monday 25 October (the time remaining 02:00 GMT). The 1989 Green
-# Paper (Cm 722) says this was done because of a coal strike.
-#
-# - The War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 (10 Geo. 5. c. 5)
-#
-# This extends the power to make Orders under the Summer Time Act, 1916
-# for a period of 12 months after the termination of the war.
-# Came into force on 31 March 1920. Although the war had been over for more
-# than 12 months by then the legal end date had not yet been set.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
-# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
-# in 1921 of Sunday 3 April to Monday 3 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 364
-#
-# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1921 with the same dates and times.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
-# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
-# in 1921 of Sunday 26 March to Sunday 8 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-# It also mentions the arrangements for defining the legal end date
-# for the late war. An Order was made on 10 August 1921, under the
-# Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918, setting
-# a date of 31 August 1921. This means the powers of the Summer Time
-# Act, 1916 would finally expire on 31 August 1922.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 290 (???)
-#
-# This is probably the matching Isle of Man Order.
-#
-# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 (12 & 13 Geo. 5. c. 22)
-#
-# This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third
-# Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after
-# the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September.
-# The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament
-# so approved. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
-# Came into Force on 20 July 1920. Note the reversion to ending on a Sunday.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 1205
-#
-# An Order made under the War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920
-# dated 13 October 1922. It revokes (among other things) the Order extending
-# the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man.
-#
-# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1923 (13 & 14 Geo. 5. c. 37)
-#
-# This extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
-# 31 December 1924.
-#
-# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1924 (15 Geo. 5. c. 1) (jsm)
-#
-# This further extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
-# 31 December 1925.
-#
-# - The Time Act (Northern Ireland), 1924 (14 & 15 Geo. 5. c. 24 (N.I.))
-#
-# This Act says that while it remains in force, any Act or Order relating
-# to the time for general purposes in Great Britain shall also apply
-# in Northern Ireland, and the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 shall have effect
-# accordingly.
-#
-# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 64)
-#
-# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the
-# day after the first Saturday in October. Came into force on 7 August 1925.
-#
-# - The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939 (2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 62) (???)
-#
-# I haven't seen this one. It presumably gave the Government powers to
-# do all manner of things during the newly started war.
-#
-# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
-#
-# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939.
-# They change the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172
-#
-# An Order in Council amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# It changed the start date to the day after the fourth Saturday in February
-# (ie. 25 Feb 1940).
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 1883
-#
-# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
-#
-# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after
-# the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the
-# second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time,
-# which continues throughout the rest of the year.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
-#
-# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# This changes the start date of Double Summer Time to the day after the first
-# Saturday in April, bringing it forward from May.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
-#
-# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# This changed the end date of Double Summer Time to the day after the
-# third Saturday in September (ie. 17 September 1944).
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
-#
-# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# This changes the start and end dates of Double Summer Time to the
-# day after the first Sunday in April and the day after the second Saturday
-# in July (ie. Mon 2 April to Sun 15 July).
-#
-# I have this quote from Hansard (the official record of the United Kingdom
-# Parliament), Oral Answers, 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60, explaining the
-# unusual start on a Monday:
-#
-# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
-# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
-# regarding double summer time.
-#
-# [two other similar questions omitted]
-#
-# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
-# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
-# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
-# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
-# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
-# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
-# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday-Monday so that it will operate from
-# Monday, 2nd April.'
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
-#
-# An Order under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Acts, 1939 and 1940 revoking
-# a long list of things, including the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# This meant that Summer Time reverted to being set by the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
-# It was made on 28 September, early enough to end Summer Time on the
-# date defined by the 1925 Act: 7 October.
-#
-# - The Summer Time Act, 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 16)
-#
-# Came into force on 11 March 1947. Amended the Summer Time Acts, 1922 and
-# 1925 to change the dates of Summer Time and to introduce Double Summer Time
-# (although it doesn't give this, or any, name for this period of 2 hour
-# offset from GMT). Dates are given for 1947 only and are: 02:00 GMT Sunday
-# 16 March, 01:00 GMT Sunday 13 April, 01:00 GMT Sunday 10 August, and 02:00
-# Sunday 2 November. It gave a power to make Orders for subsequent years,
-# both to vary the dates and to continue Double Summer Time. It applied
-# to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1948 of
-# 14 March and 31 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# Although the 1947 Act had legislated for Double Summer Time, this was
-# not continued after 1947.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
-#
-# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1949
-# of 3 April and 30 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
-#
-# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1950
-# of 16 April and 22 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
-#
-# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1951
-# of 15 April and 21 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
-#
-# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1952
-# of 20 April and 26 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# This is the last of this run of Orders, so for 1953 things reverted
-# to the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
-#
-# - The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland), 1954 (1954 c. 33 (N.I.)) (???)
-#
-# I presume that section 39 of this Act is similar to section 9 of the
-# Interpretation Act, 1978 (listed below) in specifying GMT as the
-# legal time in Northern Ireland, replacing the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
-#
-# Specified dates of 26 March and 29 October (02:00 GMT) for 1961
-#
-# - Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
-#
-# Specified dates of 25 March to 28 October (02:00 GMT) for 1962.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
-#
-# Specified dates of 31 March to 27 October (02:00 GMT) for 1963.
-#
-# - Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
-#
-# Specified dates of 22 March to 25 October (02:00 GMT) for 1964.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
-#
-# Specified dates for three years (all 02:00 GMT):
-# 1965: 21 March to 24 October
-# 1966: 20 March to 23 October
-# 1967: 19 March to 29 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
-# - Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
-#
-# The first of these specifies dates for 1968 of 18 February for the United
-# Kingdom but 7 April for the Isle of Man, both ending on 27 October,
-# all at 02:00 GMT. The second Order changes the Isle of Man start date
-# to 18 February to match the United Kingdom.
-#
-# - The British Standard Time Act 1968 (1968 c. 45)
-#
-# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout
-# the year. It expired at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971, as specified in the
-# Act, as Parliament did not move to make this experment permanent.
-# It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
-#
-# Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on
-# 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely
-# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom
-# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in
-# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could
-# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27,
-# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto,
-# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying
-# summer time in 1968.
-#
-# - The Manx Time Act 1968
-#
-# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that
-# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain.
-#
-# - The Summer Time Act 1972 (1972 c. 6)
-#
-# This specified a reversion to normal Summer Time behaviour with a start
-# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter,
-# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day
-# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is
-# 1 hour. It gives the power to make Orders to vary these dates and
-# times. This Act is still in force and is the legal authority for
-# implementing the EC Directives in the United Kingdom.
-#
-# - The Interpretation Act 1978 (1978 c. 30)
-#
-# Section 9 of this Act replaces section 1 of the Statutes (Definition of
-# Time) Act, 1880 with very similar wording maintaining GMT as the legal
-# time in Great Britain. This does not apply in Northern Ireland (it
-# has its own Interpretation Act listed above).
-#
-# - Council Directive of 22 July 1980 on summertime arrangements (80/737/EEC)
-#
-# The first of the European Directives on Summer Time. It specified start
-# dates for 1981 and 1982. No agreement had been reached on end dates.
-# Only dates were given, there was no rule like `last Sunday in March'.
-# The main change for the United Kingdom was a move to a 01:00 GMT change
-# time. The dates:
-# 1981: 29 March
-# 1982: 28 March
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
-#
-# Specified dates for 1981 and 1982, with the start dates as in the
-# EC Directive and all times 01:00 GMT:
-# 1981: 29 March to 25 October
-# 1982: 28 March to 24 October
-#
-# - Second Council Directive of 10 June 1982 on summertime arrangements
-# (82/399/EEC)
-#
-# The next European Directive. Specified dates for three years, 1983 to 1985.
-# Agreement still hadn't been reached on a common end date, and wouldn't
-# be until 1994 with the appeareance of the seventh Directive with a common
-# date for 1996 and beyond, but this time the Directive gave two sets of
-# end dates. The start date was specified by rule: the last Sunday in March.
-# All times were 01:00 GMT. The end dates were given without rule, as:
-# 1983: 25 September or 23 October
-# 1984: 30 September or 28 october
-# 1985: 29 September or 27 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
-#
-# Implemented the second EC Directive, using the October end dates.
-# 1983: 27 March to 23 October
-# 1984: 25 March to 28 october
-# 1985: 31 March to 27 October
-#
-# - Third Council Directive of 12 December 1984 on summertime arrangements
-# (84/634/EEC)
-#
-# Specified start dates of the last Sunday in March and two sets of end
-# dates, last Sunday in September and fourth Sunday in October, all at
-# 01:00 GMT. The end dates were also specified as dates:
-# 1986: 28 September or 26 October
-# 1987: 27 September or 25 October
-# 1988: 25 September or 23 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
-#
-# Implemented the third EC Directive, using the October end dates.
-# 1986: 30 March to 26 October
-# 1987: 29 March to 25 October
-# 1988: 27 March to 23 October
-#
-# - Council Directive of 20 December 1985 amending Directive 84/634/EEC
-# on summertime arrangements (85/582/EEC)
-#
-# This was to do with the accession of Spain and Portugal to the EEC.
-# The previous directve had used wording like `Member States belonging
-# to the zero (Greenwich) time zone' when refering to the different
-# sets of end dates. Portugal was in that time zone but was not going
-# to follow the United Kingdom and Ireland dates, so the text was reworded
-# without any change to the dates themselves.
-#
-# - Fourth Council Directive of 22 December 1987 on summertime arrangements
-# (88/14/EEC)
-#
-# This Directive covered only a single year: 1989. My guess is that
-# this was because 1989 was one of the years when the historic United Kingdom
-# end date of the Sunday after the fourth Saturday in October differed from
-# the rule in the previous Directive of the fourth Sunday in October.
-# All times are 01:00 GMT. No rule was specified, specific dates were given:
-# 1989: 26 March to 24 September or 29 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
-#
-# Implemented the dates of 26 March to 29 October for 1989.
-#
-# - Fifth Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on summertime arrangements
-# (89/47/EEC)
-#
-# Covered the three years 1990 to 1992. All times are 01:00 GMT. Gave both
-# rules (last Sunday in March, last Sunday in September or fourth Sunday
-# in October) and specific dates:
-# 1990: 25 March to 30 September or 28 October
-# 1991: 31 March to 29 September or 27 October
-# 1992: 29 March to 27 September or 25 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
-#
-# Implemented the fifth Directive using the October end dates.
-#
-# - Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC of 26 March 1992 on summertime
-# arrangements
-#
-# Covered the two years 1993 and 1994. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specified
-# both rules (same as the fifth Directive) and specific dates:
-# 1993: 28 March to 26 September or 24 October
-# 1994: 27 March to 25 September or 23 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
-#
-# Implemented the sixth Directive using the October end dates.
-#
-# - Seventh Directive 94/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
-# of 30 May 1994 on summer-time arrangements
-#
-# Covered the three years 1995 to 1997. Agreement had finally been reached
-# on a common end date, to start in 1996. Both rules and dates were given.
-# The rules were the same last Sunday in March to last Sunday in September
-# or fourth Sunday in October for 1995, with the end rule changing to the
-# last Sunday in October for 1996 and 1997. The year 1995 was another of
-# the tricky ones where the EC and traditional United Kingdom rules differed
-# but this time the UK changed on the fourth Sunday, 22 October, earlier
-# than usual. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specific dates were also given:
-# 1995: 26 March to 24 September or 22 October
-# 1996: 31 March to 27 October
-# 1997: 30 March to 26 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
-#
-# Implements the seventh Directive using the October end date in 1995.
-# Applies also to the Bailiwick of Guernsey but not to the Bailiwick of
-# Jersey or the Isle of Man, which have their own (unspecified) legislation
-# on the subject.
-#
-# - Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
-# of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements
-#
-# Covers four years: 1998 to 2001. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specifies both
-# rules, last Sunday in March and last Sunday in October, and specific dates:
-# 1998: 29 March to 25 October
-# 1999: 28 March to 31 October
-# 2000: 26 March to 29 October
-# 2001: 25 March to 28 October
-#
-# <a href="http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1997/97298201.htm">
-# - Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
-# </a>
-#
-# Implements the eighth Directive. Has the same text about the Isle of Man,
-# Guernsey and Jersey as the 1994 Order.
+# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
+# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
+# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
+# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
+
+# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST'; let's assume this is a typo.
+
+# Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length
+# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
+# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> has been updating
+# and extending this list, which can be found in
+# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">
+# History of legal time in Britain
+# </a> (2000-02-12).
-# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
+# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
#
# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
# </a>.
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12):
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17):
#
-# The date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
-# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error;
-# 20 April was an Easter Sunday. Shanks has 13 April, the correct date.
-# Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules
-# (which Shanks uses) are given in the Summer Time Acts of 1922 and 1925.
-# Shanks and the UK Government paper disagree about the Apr 1956 transition;
-# since we have no other data, and since Shanks was correct in the other
-# points of disagreement about London, we'll believe Shanks for now.
-# Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
+# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
#
-# Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
+# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
#
-# The following claims by Shanks are possible though doubtful;
-# we'll ignore them for now.
+# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks:
# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
# conform with Great Britain.
+# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
+#
+# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
+# we'll ignore it for now.
# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
#
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
-# reports that Cheriton Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time (CT),
-# equivalent to French civil time.
+# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
+# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
-# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility just outside Cheriton)
+# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
# and Frethun run in CT.
# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
-# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST for Cheriton.
+# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
-# The Summer Time Act, 1922
Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
+# The Summer Time Act, 1922
Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22
+Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
-Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 MST
+Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
-# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
-# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
-# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
-# The following transition is from Shanks's 4th edition (1995).
1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
1:00 EU CE%sT
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Belarus
-# Transitions before 1991 are from Shanks (1995).
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
+ 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 2:00s
+ 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
2:00 Russia EE%sT
# Belgium
# see Yugoslavia
# Bulgaria
+#
+# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
+# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
+# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
+# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
- 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
# Croatia
# see Yugosloavia
# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
+# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
+# via Steffen Thorsen:
+# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
+# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
+# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
+# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
+# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
+# after that.
+
+# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
+# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
+# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
+# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
- 2:00 EU EE%sT
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1
+ 2:00 - EET
# Finland
#
# France
#
# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
-# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S
Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
-# Shanks gives 1946-10-06; go with the PTB.
Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
# might mean something else (???).
#
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-12-09):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
-# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
+# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
+# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
+# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
+# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
+# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
+# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
- # Shanks says 1944-08-08, but
- # Riga fell to the Red Army on 1944-10-13.
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
- 2:00 EU EE%sT
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
+ 2:00 - EET
# Liechtenstein
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Lithuania
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
+# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
+
+# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
+# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
+# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
+
+# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
+# via Steffen Thorsen:
+# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
+# to be valid here starting from October 31,
+# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
+# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
+# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
+# already done by Estonia.
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
-# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
-# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
-
-# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
-# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
-# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
# Luxembourg
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
# Moldova
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
+Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
+ 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
+ 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
+ 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
+ 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6
+ 2:00 - EET 1991
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
+# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880
+ 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
+ 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
+ 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
# Monaco
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman.
+# Shanks gives 1916 Apr 30 24:00 and 1916 Oct 1 00:00; go with Whitman.
Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 -
-# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May
0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
- 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT
+ 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1999
# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
-# <a href="http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
-# http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
+# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
+# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
# </a>
# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
# Stick with W-Eur for now.
+#
+# From Marcin.Kasperski@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10):
+# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would
+# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not
+# worth further discussion.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10):
+# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997
+# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details. Assume they switched to
+# EU rules in 1999.
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Portugal
#
0:00 EU WE%sT
# Romania
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
+# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
+# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
+# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
+# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
+# the same year as Bulgaria.
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
- 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
# Russia
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
-# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations,
-# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991.
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
+# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
-# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks and the IATA.
+# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow
+# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
#
# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
- 2:00 Poland CET 1946
+ 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1994
-# IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change.
2:00 Russia EE%sT
Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
- 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
+ 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
+ 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
-Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 3:00 - KUYT 1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time
- 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 3:00 1:00 KUYST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 3:00 - SAMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time
- 4:00 Russia SAM%sT
-Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 4:00 - SVET 1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time
+Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
+ 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev
+ 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
+ 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time
+Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
+ 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 1:00 SVEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 4:00 - SVET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time
-Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 5:00 - OMST 1957 Mar # Omsk Time
+Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
+ 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 1:00 OMSST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 5:00 - OMST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
6:00 Russia OMS%sT
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
-Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 6:00 - NOVT 1957 Mar # Novosibirsk Time
+Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
+ 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 6:00 - NOVT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
- 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks
6:00 Russia NOV%sT
-Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 6:00 - KRAT 1957 Mar # Krasnoyarsk Time
+Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
+ 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 6:00 1:00 KRAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 6:00 - KRAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
7:00 Russia KRA%sT
Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
- 6:57:20 - IMT 1924 May 2 # Irkutsk Mean Time
- 7:00 - IRKT 1957 Mar # Irkutsk Time
+ 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
+ 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 7:00 1:00 IRKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 7:00 - IRKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
8:00 Russia IRK%sT
-Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 8:00 - YAKT 1957 Mar # Yakutsk Time
+Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
+ 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 8:00 1:00 YAKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 8:00 - YAKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
9:00 Russia YAK%sT
-Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880
- 8:47:44 - VMT 1924 May 2 # Vladivostok MT
- 9:00 - VLAT 1957 Mar # Vladivostok Time
+Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
+ 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 9:00 1:00 VLAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 9:00 - VLAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
10:00 Russia VLA%sT
Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 10:00 - MAGT 1957 Mar # Magadan Time
+ 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 10:00 1:00 MAGST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 10:00 - MAGT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
11:00 Russia MAG%sT
# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
-Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 11:00 - PETT 1957 Mar # P-K Time
+Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
+ 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 11:00 1:00 PETST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 11:00 - PETT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
12:00 Russia PET%sT
Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 12:00 - ANAT 1957 Mar # Anadyr Time
- 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 12:00 1:00 ANAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 12:00 - ANAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 13:00 Russia ANA%sT
+ 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
+ 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
+ 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 12:00 Russia ANA%sT
# Slovakia
Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Shanks:
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman.
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
# Ukraine
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time
-Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean Time
-Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time
-Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST
-Rule Ukraine 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 UDST
-Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 UST
-Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 KMT
-Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 UST
-Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 UDST
-Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 UST
-Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 KMT
-Rule Crimea 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 CST # Crimean Summer Time
-Rule Crimea 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 NMT # Nikolayev Mean Time
-Rule Crimea 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 CDST # Crimean Double Summer Time
-Rule Crimea 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 CST
-Rule Crimea 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 CDST
-Rule Crimea 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 CST
-Rule Crimea 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 NMT
-Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST
-Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST
-Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST
-Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT
-Rule Crimea 1996 only - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 -
-Rule Crimea 1996 only - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
- 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2
+ 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 17
- 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1996
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
+ 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
+ 2:00 - EET 1992
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2:00 EU EE%sT
+# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
+Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
+ 1:00 - CET 1940
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
+ 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
+ 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
+ 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
+ 2:00 - EET 1992
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
+# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
+Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
+ 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
+ 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
- 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2
+ 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21):
-# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
+ 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
+ 2:00 - EET 1992
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
+# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
-# For now, guess it changed Feb 1.
- 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Feb
+# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
+# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. For now, guess it changed in May.
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
- 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996
+ 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
+ 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
- 3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Yugoslavia
# ISO 3166 2-letter country codes
#
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
+# @(#)iso3166.tab 1.7
+#
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-13):
#
# This file contains a table with the following columns:
-# 1. ISO 3166-1:1997 2-character country code. See:
+# 1. ISO 3166-1:1999 2-character country code. See:
+# <a href="http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/codlstp1.html">
+# ISO 3166-1: The Code List
+# </a>.
# 2. The usual English name for the country,
# chosen so that alphabetic sorting of subsets produces helpful lists.
# This is not the same as the English name in the ISO 3166 tables.
#
-# The PS code below has been reserved for Palestine by the ISO;
-# however, the code is not yet officially assigned to Palestine. Please see
-# <a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/pub/doc/ISO/ISO-3166-background">
-# Cord Wischhoefer, Country Code Elements for Palestine (1996-07-24)
-# </a>.
-#
# Columns are separated by a single tab.
# The table is sorted by country code.
#
FM Micronesia
FO Faeroe Islands
FR France
-FX France, Metropolitan
GA Gabon
GB Britain (UK)
GD Grenada
GU Guam
GW Guinea-Bissau
GY Guyana
+HK Hong Kong
HM Heard Island & McDonald Islands
HN Honduras
HR Croatia
-# @(#)leapseconds 7.11
+# @(#)leapseconds 7.12
# Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file.
# The International Earth Rotation Service periodically uses leap seconds
-# to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of TAI (atomic time); see
+# to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
+# (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space); see
# Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time,
# Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905.
# There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism
-# @(#)northamerica 7.44
+# @(#)northamerica 7.51
# also includes Central America and the Caribbean
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
###############################################################################
# United States
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
+# Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
+# Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
+# Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
+# His pamphlet ``A System of National Time for Railroads'' (1870)
+# was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
+# in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
+# but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
+# His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
+# and the most of the country soon followed suit.
+
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
# A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
# Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
# Indiana
#
+# For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
+# <a href="http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html">
+# What time is it in Indiana?
+# </a> (1999-04-06)
+#
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
# Indiana generally observes either EST all year, or CST/CDT,
# but areas near Cincinnati and Louisville use those cities' timekeeping
-5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
-6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
-5:00 US E%sT
+# Wayne, Clinton, and Russell Counties, Kentucky
+# From
+# <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=99-26945-filed">
+# Federal Register Doc. 99-26945
+# </a> (1999-10-14 08:45-04)
+# In response to a petition by the Wayne County, Kentucky, Fiscal Court,
+# the Department of Transportation (DOT) proposed to move Wayne County,
+# Kentucky, from the Central Time Zone to the Eastern Time Zone.... Now
+# the earliest date that the proposed change might take effect is
+# October 29, 2000.
+#
+# From
+# <a href="http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml">
+# Lake Cumberland LIFE
+# </a> (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
+# Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
+# the Central to the Eastern time zone.... The Wayne County government made
+# the same request in December. And while Russell County officials have not
+# taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
+# August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
+# The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
+# location in the Central time zone.
# Michigan
#
# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
-# Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885 Sep 18,
-# but Howse writes that Detroit kept
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
+# Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
+# but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
+# that Detroit kept
#
# local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
# be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time. Half the
################################################################################
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the US is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
#
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-11-22):
# Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
-# The data for Canada are all from Shanks (1991).
+# The data for Canada are all from Shanks.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
-# For what it's worth, Shanks (1995) says that Atikokan has agreed with
+# For what it's worth, Shanks says that Atikokan has agreed with
# Rainy River ever since standard time was introduced.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
# Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Vancouver.
-# Dawswon Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
+# Dawson Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
# Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-10-07):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
# Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
-# Shanks's table for Watson Lake is corrupted, so we have no data there.
# Mathew Englander <mathew@io.org> (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
# * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
# c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9. This is still valid;
# * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
# Shanks says Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go with Englander.
+# From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
+# Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
+# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html">
+# Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
+# </a>
+#
+# From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
+# We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
+# to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
+# <a href="http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html">
+# Basic Facts: The New Territory
+# </a> (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on Eastern time,
+# and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST. We don't know when
+# Pangnirtung switched to Eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
+# We'll ignore the claim about Coral Harbour for now,
+# since we have no further info.
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
+# On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
+# Pangnirtung wobbled. Here is the result of their wobble:
+#
+# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
+#
+# First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
+# Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
+#
+# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
+#
+# Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
+#
+# This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
+# No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
+# change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
+# really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
+# They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
+# so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
+# The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
+# their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
+# the current state of affairs.
+
+# From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
+# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html">
+# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19)</a>:
+# Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
+# central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
+# for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then]
+# made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
Rule NT_YK 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Pangnirtung -4:22:56 - LMT 1884
- -4:00 NT_YK A%sT
-Zone America/Iqaluit -4:33:52 - LMT 1884 # Frobisher Bay
- -5:00 NT_YK E%sT
+ -4:00 NT_YK A%sT 1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT
+Zone America/Iqaluit -4:33:52 - LMT 1884 # Frobisher Bay before 1987
+ -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT
Zone America/Rankin_Inlet -6:08:40 - LMT 1884
-6:00 NT_YK C%sT
+Zone America/Cambridge_Bay -7:00:20 - LMT 1884
+ -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT
Zone America/Yellowknife -7:37:24 - LMT 1884
-7:00 NT_YK M%sT
Zone America/Inuvik -8:54:00 - LMT 1884
# The Federal District (where Mexico City is) has observed [DST] several
# times but not recently.
#
-# I don't where to drawn the line in the North Baja area. 28th latitude
+# I don't where to draw the line in the North Baja area. 28th latitude
# sounds good -- but it may be higher (how far [d]o radio stations from
# San Diego affect culture?).
#
# a zone that's GMT-8 with DST; a zone that's always GMT-7;
# a zone that's GMT-6 with DST; and a zone that's always GMT-6.
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
-# Shanks also says there are four zones, but disagrees about the fourth.
-# Instead of GMT-6 with DST, he says there's GMT-8 without DST.
-
# From Alan Perry <alan.perry@eng.sun.com> (1996-02-15):
# A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
# outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
-#
+#
# ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
-#
+#
# I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
# rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
-#
+#
# 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
# - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
# - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
# - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
-#
+#
# 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
# at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
# BajaNorte: GMT+7
# BajaSur: GMT+6
# General: GMT+5
-#
+#
# 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
# BajaNorte: GMT+8
# BajaSur: GMT+7
# General: GMT+6
-#
+#
# The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
-#
+#
# -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
# For an English translation of the decree, see
# The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
# (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
+# Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
+# zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
+# savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
+# Arizona year round.
+
+# From Shanks:
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S
Rule Mexico 1996 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Mexico 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
#
-Rule BajaN 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule BajaN 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule BajaN 1961 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule BajaN 1954 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule BajaN 1954 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Quintana Roo
-Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 1:12:42
+Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56
-6:00 - CST 1996
-6:00 Mexico C%sT 1997 Oct lastSun 2:00
-5:00 Mexico E%sT 1998 Aug 2 2:00
-7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00
-6:00 Mexico C%sT
# Chihuahua
-Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:44
+Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
-7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
-6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
-7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
-6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
-6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
-7:00 Mexico M%sT
-# S Baja California, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora
+# Sonora
+Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
+ -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
+ -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
+ -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr
+ -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
+ -8:00 - PST 1970
+ -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1999
+ -7:00 - MST
+# S Baja California, Nayarit, Sinaloa
Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
-7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
-6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
-7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
-8:00 - PST 1970
-7:00 Mexico M%sT
-# N Baja California
+# Baja California
Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56
-8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
-7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16
-8:00 - PST 1942 Apr
-7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
- -8:00 BajaN P%sT 1967 Apr lastSun 2:00
+ -8:00 BajaN P%sT 1976
-8:00 US P%sT 1996
-8:00 Mexico P%sT
-# Baja California
-Zone America/Ensenada -7:46:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:13:32
- -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
- -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16
- -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr
- -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
- -8:00 - PST 1996
- -8:00 Mexico P%sT
#
# Revillagigedo Is
# no information
-5:00 - EST
# Costa Rica
-# Shanks gives some very odd dates for 1991, and stops there.
-# For now, we won't guess further.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
# There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:20 - LMT 1890 # San Jose
- -5:36 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
+ -5:36:20 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
-6:00 CR C%sT
# Coco
# no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S
Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00s 0 S
Rule Cuba 1997 only - Oct 12 0:00s 0 S
-Rule Cuba 1998 max - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1998 1999 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
Rule Cuba 1998 max - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
+Rule Cuba 2000 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
- -5:30 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
+ -5:29:36 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
-5:00 Cuba C%sT
# Dominica
Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
-# Shanks says AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says 1:00s. Go with IATA.
+# Shanks says AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s. Go with IATA.
Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# JAMAICA 5 H BEHIND UTC
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Shanks:
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:12 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
-5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
- -5:00 - EST 1974 Jan 6 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
-5:00 US E%sT 1984
-5:00 - EST
-# @(#)southamerica 7.27
+# @(#)southamerica 7.35
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-07-07):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
#
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
-# The following abbreviations are used in this file.
-# Corrections are welcome!
-# std dst
-# LMT Local Mean Time
-# -2:00 FST FDT Fernando de Noronha
-# -3:00 EST EDT Eastern Brazil
-# -4:00 WST WDT Western Brazil
-# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
-# -5:00 AST ADT Acre
-#
# Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
# ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
# suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
# in Europe and South America.
# -- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
# H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
-
-
-# From Guy Harris:
-# From Official Airline Guide - Worldwide Edition (1987). Countries not
-# listed here do not observe DST, according to the OAG. Time zone names
-# are pure inventions, and none are supplied for countries not observing
-# DST; updates from natives would be appreciated. The times that DST
-# starts and ends are based on the assumption that they switch a 2AM just
-# as everybody else does.
+#
+# Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
+# for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
+# "summer time". Reinaldo Goulart, a Sao Paulo businessman active in
+# the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
+# The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
+# Brazil. Let's say that "the Brasilia time" is considered the
+# "official time" because Brasilia is the capital city.
+# The other three time zones are called "Brasilia time "minus one" or
+# "plus one" or "plus two". As far as I know there is no such
+# name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
+# So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
+# Corrections are welcome!
+# std dst
+# -2:00 FNT FNST Fernando de Noronha
+# -3:00 BRT BRST Brasilia
+# -4:00 AMT AMST Amazon
+# -5:00 ACT ACST Acre
###############################################################################
Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Arg 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Arg 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Arg 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Arg 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Arg 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Arg 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1974 1976 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Arg 1986 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 1986 1987 - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
# Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina
# (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
#
-# Shanks gives 1989 Mar 16 and stops after 1990 Mar 4; go with Otero.
+# Shanks stops after 1992-03-01; go with Otero.
Rule Arg 1989 1993 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 1989 1992 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
#
# time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
# to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
#
+# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
+# On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time,
+# which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours
+# from the International Date Line. On March 5, 2000, at 0:00 local time,
+# Argentina will come off daylight savings time, which will bring them to 8
+# hours from the International Date Line.
+#
+# From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
+# We just checked with our San Paulo office and they say the government of
+# Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
+# So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
+#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#
# Buenos Aires (BA), Distrito Federal (DF), Santa Cruz (SC),
Zone America/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Nov
-4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg AR%sT
#
# Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC),
Zone America/Rosario -4:02:40 - LMT 1894 Nov
-4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Jul
-3:00 - ART
#
Zone America/Cordoba -4:16:44 - LMT 1894 Nov
-4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Jul
-3:00 - ART
#
Zone America/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT 1894 Nov
-4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Jul
-3:00 - ART 1991 Jul
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1992 Jul
# Maranhao (MA), Paraiba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piaui (PI), and Rio Grande do
# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Para (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
-# Let's make the following assumptions:
-#
-# * All data in Shanks are correct through 1990. In particular,
-# Shanks was right when he said Acre stopped observing DST in mid-1988.
-# * Areas where Shanks reports DST up to 1990, but the IATA reports no DST
-# in 1995, stopped observing DST in mid-1990.
-#
-# Under these assumptions Brazil needs 7 entries to cover all the distinct
-# time zone histories since 1970:
-#
-# Noronha (UTC-2), Fortaleza (UTC-3), and Manaus (UTC-4) stopped observing DST
-# in mid-1990.
-# Maceio (UTC-3) stopped observing DST in mid-1990, but started again mid-1995.
-# Sao Paulo (UTC-3) and Cuiaba (UTC-4) always observed DST.
-# Porto Acre (UTC-5) stopped observing DST in mid-1988.
-
-# From Rodrigo Feher <feher@pobox.com> (1998-01-17):
-# Reading "southamerica" file in timezone 7.55 I've found an
-# error. Line 193 say "Territory of Acre". It is not a territory anymore
-# but a state.
-
# From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html">
# Brazilian official page
# </a>
#
-# From Paul Eggert (1998-09-28):
+# From Paul Eggert (1998-10-29):
# The official decrees referenced below are taken from
# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html">
# Decretos sobre o Horario de Verao no Brasil
-# </a> (1998-09-25, in Portuguese).
+# </a> (1999-10-04, in Portuguese).
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm">20,466</a> (1931-10-01)
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm">21,896</a> (1932-01-10)
-Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1932 1933 - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1932 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1932 1933 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 1932 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV23195.htm">23,195</a> (1933-10-10)
# revoked DST.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27496.htm">27,496</a> (1949-11-24)
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27998.htm">27,998</a> (1950-04-13)
-Rule Brazil 1949 1952 - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1950 only - Apr 16 1:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1951 1952 - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1949 1952 - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1950 only - Apr 16 1:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 1951 1952 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV32308.htm">32,308</a> (1953-02-24)
-Rule Brazil 1953 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1953 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV34724.htm">34,724</a> (1953-11-30)
# revoked DST.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV52700.htm">52,700</a> (1963-10-18)
# in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53071.htm">53,071</a> (1963-12-03)
# extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
-Rule Brazil 1963 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1963 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53604.htm">53,604</a> (1964-02-25)
# extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
-Rule Brazil 1964 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1964 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV55639.htm">55,639</a> (1965-01-27)
-Rule Brazil 1965 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1965 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1965 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1965 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57303.htm">57,303</a> (1965-11-22)
-Rule Brazil 1965 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1965 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57843.htm">57,843</a> (1966-02-18)
-Rule Brazil 1966 1968 - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1966 1967 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1966 1968 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 1966 1967 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV63429.htm">63,429</a> (1968-10-15)
# revoked DST.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV91698.htm">91,698</a> (1985-09-27)
-Rule Brazil 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
# Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
-Rule Brazil 1986 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1986 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 -
# Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
-Rule Brazil 1986 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1987 only - Feb 14 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1986 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1987 only - Feb 14 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV94922.htm">94,922</a> (1987-09-22)
-Rule Brazil 1987 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1987 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV96676.htm">96,676</a> (1988-09-12)
# except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
-Rule Brazil 1988 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1989 only - Jan 29 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1988 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1989 only - Jan 29 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV98077.htm">98,077</a> (1989-08-21)
# with the same exceptions
-Rule Brazil 1989 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1990 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1989 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1990 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV99530.htm">99,530</a> (1990-09-17)
# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
# Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
-Rule Brazil 1990 only - Oct 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1991 only - Feb 17 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1990 only - Oct 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1991 only - Feb 17 0:00 0 -
# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1991.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1991-09-25)
# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
-Rule Brazil 1991 only - Oct 20 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1992 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1991 only - Oct 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1992 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 -
# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1992.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1992-10-16)
# adopted by same states.
-Rule Brazil 1992 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1992 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV942.htm">942</a> (1993-09-28)
# adopted by same states, plus AM.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1252.htm">1,252</a> (1994-09-22)
# adopted by same states, plus TO.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1674.htm">1,674</a> (1995-10-13)
# adds AL, SE.
-Rule Brazil 1993 1995 - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1996 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1993 1995 - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 1996 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV2000.htm">2,000</a> (1996-09-04)
# adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
-Rule Brazil 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1997 only - Feb 16 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1997 only - Feb 16 0:00 0 -
# From Daniel C. Sobral <dcs@gns.com.br> (1998-02-12):
# In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
# because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
# Church Net UK (1997-10-02).
#
# Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
-Rule Brazil 1997 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1997 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV2495.JPG">2,495</a>
# (1998-02-10)
-Rule Brazil 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/Hv98.jpg">2,780</a> (1998-09-11)
-# adopted by the same states as before,
-# specifies only the 1998-10-11 and 1999-02-21 transitions;
-# after that, these rules are guesses and are quite possibly wrong,
-# but they are more likely than no DST at all.
-Rule Brazil 1998 max - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1999 max - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
+# adopted by the same states as before.
+Rule Brazil 1998 only - Oct 11 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1999 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 -
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3150.gif">3,150</a>
+# (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV99.gif">3,188</a> (1999-09-30)
+# adds SE, AL, PE, PR, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
+# These give only one year's rules. After that, the rules are guesses
+# and are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all.
+Rule Brazil 1999 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 2000 max - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#
# Fernando de Noronha
Zone America/Noronha -2:09:40 - LMT 1914
- -2:00 Brazil F%sT 1990 Jul
- -2:00 - FST
+ -2:00 Brazil FN%sT 1990 Sep 17
+ -2:00 - FNT
#
-# Amapa, east Para
+# Amapa (AP), east Para (PA)
Zone America/Belem -3:13:56 - LMT 1914
- -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1988 Jul
- -3:00 - EST
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -3:00 - BRT
#
-# Maranhao, Piaui, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba,
-# Pernambuco (except Fernando de Noronha)
+# Maranhao (MA), Piaui (PI), Ceara (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
+# Paraiba (PB), Pernambuco (PE) (except Fernando de Noronha)
Zone America/Fortaleza -2:34:00 - LMT 1914
- -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1990 Jul
- -3:00 - EST
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17
+ -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT
#
-# Tocantins
+# Tocantins (TO)
Zone America/Araguaina -3:12:48 - LMT 1914
- -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1990 Jul
- -3:00 - EST 1995 Jul
- -3:00 Brazil E%sT
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17
+ -3:00 - BRT 1995 Sep 14
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT
#
-# Alagoas, Sergipe
+# Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
Zone America/Maceio -2:22:52 - LMT 1914
- -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1990 Jul
- -3:00 - EST 1995 Jul
- -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1996 Jul
- -3:00 - EST
-#
-# Bahia, Goias, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro,
-# Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17
+ -3:00 - BRT 1995 Oct 13
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1996 Sep 4
+ -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT
+#
+# Bahia (BA), Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
+# Espirito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Sao Paulo (SP), Parana (PR),
+# Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
Zone America/Sao_Paulo -3:06:28 - LMT 1914
- -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1963 Oct 23 00:00
- -3:00 - EDT 1964
- -3:00 Brazil E%sT
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1963 Oct 23 00:00
+ -3:00 1:00 BRST 1964
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT
#
# Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul
Zone America/Cuiaba -3:44:20 - LMT 1914
- -4:00 Brazil W%sT 1990 Jul
- -4:00 - WST
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT
#
-# Roraima, west Para, Rondonia
+# west Para (PA), Rondonia (RO)
Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 - LMT 1914
- -4:00 Brazil W%sT 1988 Jul
- -4:00 - WST
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -4:00 - AMT
+#
+# Roraima (RR)
+Zone America/Boa_Vista -4:02:40 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -4:00 - AMT 1999 Sep 30
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT
#
-# Amazonas
+# Amazonas (AM)
Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914
- -4:00 Brazil W%sT 1988 Jul
- -4:00 - WST 1993 Jul
- -4:00 Brazil W%sT 1994 Jul
- -4:00 - WST
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -4:00 - AMT 1993 Sep 28
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1994 Sep 22
+ -4:00 - AMT
#
-# Acre
+# Acre (AC)
# Rio_Branco is too ambiguous, since there's a Rio Branco in Uruguay too.
Zone America/Porto_Acre -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
- -5:00 Brazil A%sT 1988 Jul
- -5:00 - AST
+ -5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -5:00 - ACT
#
-# Martin Vaz and Trinidade are like America/Noronha.
+# Martin Vaz and Trindade are like America/Noronha.
# Chile
Rule Chile 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Chile 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 -
# IATA SSIM anomalies: (1990-09) says 1990-09-16; (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
-# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08. Ignore these for now.
+# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08. Ignore these.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Santiago -4:42:40 - LMT 1890
-4:42:40 - SMT 1910 # Santiago Mean Time
# Colombia
+# Shanks specifies 24:00 for 1992 transition times; go with IATA,
+# as it seems implausible to change clocks at midnight New Year's Eve.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule CO 1992 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
-# Shanks (1995) estimates 1993-04-03 24:00 for this; go with IATA.
Rule CO 1992 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Bogota -4:56:20 - LMT 1884 Mar 13
# no information; probably like America/Bogota
# Curacao
-# Shanks (1995) says that Bottom and Oranjestad have been at -4:00 since
+# Shanks says that Bottom and Oranjestad have been at -4:00 since
# standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that Kralendijk and Rincon
# used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01.
# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
-4:00 - GYT
# Paraguay
-
-# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
-# Paraguay: First day in October to last in March. Midnight switch??
-# Since 1980.
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
-# PARAGUAY 4 H BEHIND UTC
-# PARAGUAY 3 H BEHIND UTC OCT 1, '88-MAR 31, '89
-
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
+# Shanks (1999) says that spring transitions are from 01:00 -> 02:00,
+# and autumn transitions are from 00:00 -> 23:00. Go with earlier
+# editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Para 1975 1978 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1975 1988 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Para 1975 1978 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
-# Shanks says 1979 was all DST.
-Rule Para 1980 1991 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Para 1980 1988 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1979 1991 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Para 1989 only - Oct 22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Para 1990 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Para 1991 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Para 1993 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 -
Rule Para 1993 1995 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Para 1994 1995 - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Para 1996 1998 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Para 1996 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1996 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks.
+Rule Para 1997 only - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Para 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Para 1996 1998 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+# IATA SSIM (1999-02) says lastSat, not lastSun; (1999-09) reports no date;
+# go with Shanks.
Rule Para 1999 max - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
+# IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10.
+Rule Para 1999 max - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890
-3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
Rule Peru 1987 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Peru 1990 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Peru 1990 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Peru 1993 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Peru 1993 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+# IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks.
+Rule Peru 1994 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Peru 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Lima -5:08:12 - LMT 1890
-5:09 - LMT 1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time
# Uruguay
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
# Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Shanks:
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
Rule Uruguay 1923 only - Oct 2 0:00 0:30 HS
Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Dec 11 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Mar 12 0:00 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Oct 29 0:00 1:00 S
+# Shanks says no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
+# and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01. Go with IATA.
Rule Uruguay 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1990 1991 - Oct Sun>=21 0:00 1:00 S
-# Shanks's 4th edition (1995) says no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
-# and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01. Go with IATA.
Rule Uruguay 1992 only - Oct 18 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 1993 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# @(#)zone.tab 1.18
+#
# TZ zone descriptions
#
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-08-05):
BR -0940-03543 America/Maceio Alagoas, Sergipe
BR -2332-04637 America/Sao_Paulo S & SE Brazil (BA, GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
BR -1535-05605 America/Cuiaba Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul
-BR -0846-06354 America/Porto_Velho W Para, Rondonia, Roraima
+BR -0846-06354 America/Porto_Velho W Para, Rondonia
+BR +0249-06040 America/Boa_Vista Roraima
BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus Amazonas
BR -0934-06731 America/Porto_Acre Acre
BS +2505-07721 America/Nassau
CA +4439-06336 America/Halifax Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (most places), NB, W Labrador, E Quebec & PEI
CA +4612-05957 America/Glace_Bay Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia - places that did not observe DST 1966-1971
CA +5320-06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlantic Time - E Labrador
-CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Atlantic Time - Northwest Territories
CA +4531-07334 America/Montreal Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations
CA +4901-08816 America/Nipigon Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
CA +4823-08915 America/Thunder_Bay Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
-CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern Time - Northwest Territories
CA +4953-09709 America/Winnipeg Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
CA +4843-09429 America/Rainy_River Central Time - Rainy River & Fort Frances, Ontario
-CA +6245-09210 America/Rankin_Inlet Central Time - Northwest Territories
+CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Central Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
+CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Central Time - east Nunavut
+CA +6245-09210 America/Rankin_Inlet Central Time - central Nunavut
+CA +6903-10505 America/Cambridge_Bay Central Time - west Nunavut
CA +5024-10439 America/Regina Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - most locations
CA +5017-10750 America/Swift_Current Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - midwest
CA +5333-11328 America/Edmonton Mountain Time - Alberta, east British Columbia & west Saskatchewan
CM +0403+00942 Africa/Douala
CN +4545+12641 Asia/Harbin north Manchuria
CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai China coast
-CN +2217+11409 Asia/Hong_Kong Hong Kong
CN +2934+10635 Asia/Chungking China mountains
CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Tibet & Xinjiang
CN +3929+07559 Asia/Kashgar Eastern Turkestan
GU +1328+14445 Pacific/Guam
GW +1151-01535 Africa/Bissau
GY +0648-05810 America/Guyana
+HK +2217+11409 Asia/Hong_Kong
HN +1406-08713 America/Tegucigalpa
HR +4548+01558 Europe/Zagreb
HT +1832-07220 America/Port-au-Prince
LY +3254+01311 Africa/Tripoli
MA +3339-00735 Africa/Casablanca
MC +4342+00723 Europe/Monaco
-MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau
+MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau most locations
+MD +4651+02938 Europe/Tiraspol Transdniestria
MG -1855+04731 Indian/Antananarivo
MH +0709+17112 Pacific/Majuro most locations
MH +0905+16720 Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein
ML +1239-00800 Africa/Bamako southwest Mali
ML +1446-00301 Africa/Timbuktu northeast Mali
MM +1647+09610 Asia/Rangoon
-MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulan_Bator
+MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulaanbaatar most locations
+MN +4801+09139 Asia/Hovd Bayan-Olgiy, Hovd, Uvs
MO +2214+11335 Asia/Macao
MP +1512+14545 Pacific/Saipan
MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique
MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius
MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives
MW -1547+03500 Africa/Blantyre
-MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Eastern Time
-MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Time
-MX +2313-10625 America/Mazatlan Mountain Time - most locations
+MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Time - most locations
+MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Central Time - Quintana Roo
+MX +2313-10625 America/Mazatlan Mountain Time - S Baja, Nayarit, Sinaloa
MX +2838-10605 America/Chihuahua Mountain Time - Chihuahua
-MX +3152-11637 America/Ensenada Pacific Time - most locations
-MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana Pacific Time - north Baja California
+MX +2904-11058 America/Hermosillo Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
+MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana Pacific Time
MY +0310+10142 Asia/Kuala_Lumpur peninsular Malaysia
MY +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah & Sarawak
MZ -2558+03235 Africa/Maputo
TM +3757+05823 Asia/Ashkhabad
TN +3648+01011 Africa/Tunis
TO -2110+17510 Pacific/Tongatapu
+TP -0833+12535 Asia/Dili
TR +4101+02858 Europe/Istanbul
TT +1039-06131 America/Port_of_Spain
TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti
TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei
TZ -0648+03917 Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev most locations
-UA +4457+03406 Europe/Simferopol Crimea
+UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Ruthenia
+UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozh'ye, E Lugansk
+UA +4457+03406 Europe/Simferopol central Crimea
UG +0019+03225 Africa/Kampala
UM +1700-16830 Pacific/Johnston Johnston Atoll
UM +2813-17722 Pacific/Midway Midway Islands
projects / openbsd / commitdiff