-.\" $OpenBSD: cksum.1,v 1.24 2013/04/15 15:54:17 millert Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: cksum.1,v 1.25 2013/12/29 21:19:11 jmc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" @(#)cksum.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/28/95
.\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: April 15 2013 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: December 29 2013 $
.Dt CKSUM 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm cksum
and
.Nm sum
-utilities exit 0 on success or \*(Gt0 if an error occurred.
+utilities exit 0 on success,
+and >0 if an error occurs.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr md5 1 ,
.Xr sha1 1 ,
-.\" $OpenBSD: md5.1,v 1.33 2012/09/22 20:09:43 jmc Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: md5.1,v 1.34 2013/12/29 21:19:11 jmc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2006 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
.\"
.\" Agency (DARPA) and Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force
.\" Materiel Command, USAF, under agreement number F39502-99-1-0512.
.\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: September 22 2012 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: December 29 2013 $
.Dt MD5 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm md5
-.Nd calculate a message-digest fingerprint (checksum) for a file
+.Nd calculate a message digest (checksum) for a file
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm md5
.Op Fl bpqrtx
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
takes as input a message of arbitrary length and produces
-as output a 128-bit "fingerprint" or "message digest" of the input.
-It was conjectured that it would be computationally infeasible to produce
-two messages having the same message digest (a collision), or to produce any
-message having a given prespecified target message digest.
-However, collisions have now been produced for
-.Em MD5 ,
+as output a 128-bit message digest (checksum) of the input.
+It is conjectured that it is computationally infeasible to produce
+two messages having the same message digest (a collision),
+or to produce any message having a given prespecified target message digest.
+However, collisions have now been produced for MD5,
so the use of other message digest functions, such as
.Xr sha256 1 ,
is now preferred.
.Pp
-The
-.Em MD5
-algorithm is intended for digital signature applications, where a
-large file must be "compressed" in a secure manner before being
-encrypted with a private (secret) key under a public-key cryptosystem
-such as
-.Em RSA .
+The MD5 algorithm is intended for digital signature applications,
+where a large file must be compressed in a secure manner before
+being encrypted with a private (secret) key under a public-key
+cryptosystem, such as RSA.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl b
Output checksums in base64 notation, not hexadecimal.
-.It Xo
-.Fl c
-.Op Ar checklist ...
-.Xc
+.It Fl c Op Ar checklist ...
Compares all checksums contained in the file
.Ar checklist
with newly computed checksums for the corresponding files.
If no file is given, stdin is used.
.It Fl p
Echoes stdin to stdout and appends the
-.Em MD5
-sum to stdout.
+checksum to stdout.
.It Fl q
Only print the checksum (quiet mode).
.It Fl r
Runs a built-in test script.
.El
.Pp
-The MD5 sum of each file listed on the command line is printed after the
-options are processed.
+The checksum of each file listed on the command line is printed
+after the options are processed.
+.Pp
+The
+.Nm
+command is shorthand for:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ cksum -a md5
+.Ed
.Sh EXIT STATUS
.Ex -std md5
.Sh SEE ALSO
-.\" $OpenBSD: sha1.1,v 1.31 2012/09/22 20:09:43 jmc Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: sha1.1,v 1.32 2013/12/29 21:19:11 jmc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2006 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
.\"
.\" Agency (DARPA) and Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force
.\" Materiel Command, USAF, under agreement number F39502-99-1-0512.
.\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: September 22 2012 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: December 29 2013 $
.Dt SHA1 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm sha1
-.Nd calculate a message-digest fingerprint (checksum) for a file
+.Nd calculate a message digest (checksum) for a file
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm sha1
.Op Fl bpqrtx
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
takes as input a message of arbitrary length and produces
-as output a 160-bit "fingerprint" or "message digest" of the input.
+as output a 160-bit message digest (checksum) of the input.
It is conjectured that it is computationally infeasible to produce
-two messages having the same message digest (a collision), or to produce any
-message having a given prespecified target message digest.
+two messages having the same message digest (a collision),
+or to produce any message having a given prespecified target message digest.
However, researchers have developed theoretical attacks that significantly
-reduce the amount of time needed to find a collision in
-.Em SHA-1 .
+reduce the amount of time needed to find a collision in SHA-1.
The use of other message digest functions, such as
.Xr sha256 1 ,
is now preferred.
.Pp
-The
-.Em SHA-1
-algorithm is intended for digital signature applications, where a
-large file must be "compressed" in a secure manner before being
-encrypted with a private (secret) key under a public-key cryptosystem
-such as
-.Em RSA .
+The SHA-1 algorithm is intended for digital signature applications,
+where a large file must be "compressed" in a secure manner before
+being encrypted with a private (secret) key under a public-key
+cryptosystem such as RSA.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl b
Output checksums in base64 notation, not hexadecimal.
-.It Xo
-.Fl c
-.Op Ar checklist ...
-.Xc
+.It Fl c Op Ar checklist ...
Compares all checksums contained in the file
.Ar checklist
with newly computed checksums for the corresponding files.
If no file is given, stdin is used.
.It Fl p
Echoes stdin to stdout and appends the
-.Em SHA-1
-sum to stdout.
+checksum to stdout.
.It Fl q
Only print the checksum (quiet mode).
.It Fl r
Runs a built-in test script.
.El
.Pp
-The SHA-1
-sum of each file listed on the command line is printed after the options
-are processed.
+The checksum of each file listed on the command line is printed
+after the options are processed.
.Pp
The
.Nm
-command is shorthand for
+command is shorthand for:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
-cksum -a sha1
+$ cksum -a sha1
.Ed
.Pp
The
-.\" $OpenBSD: sha256.1,v 1.6 2013/12/23 23:00:38 tedu Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: sha256.1,v 1.7 2013/12/29 21:19:11 jmc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2006 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
.\"
.\" Agency (DARPA) and Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force
.\" Materiel Command, USAF, under agreement number F39502-99-1-0512.
.\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: December 23 2013 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: December 29 2013 $
.Dt SHA256 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
-.Nm sha256
-.Nd calculate a message-digest fingerprint (checksum) for a file
+.Nm sha256 ,
+.Nm sha512
+.Nd calculate a message digest (checksum) for a file
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm sha256
.Op Fl bpqrtx
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
takes as input a message of arbitrary length and produces
-as output a 256-bit "fingerprint" or "message digest" of the input.
+as output a 256-bit message digest (checksum) of the input.
It is conjectured that it is computationally infeasible to produce
-two messages having the same message digest, or to produce any
-message having a given prespecified target message digest.
-.Pp
-The
-.Em SHA-256
-algorithm is intended for digital signature applications, where a
-large file must be "compressed" in a secure manner before being
-encrypted with a private (secret) key under a public-key cryptosystem
-such as
-.Em RSA .
+two messages having the same message digest (a collision),
+or to produce any message having a given prespecified target message digest.
.Pp
When invoked as
.Nm sha512 ,
-the
-.Em SHA-512
-algorithm is used instead, generating a 512-bit digest.
+the SHA-512 algorithm is used instead, generating a 512-bit digest.
+.Pp
+These algorithms are intended for digital signature applications,
+where a large file must be compressed in a secure manner before
+being encrypted with a private (secret) key under a public-key
+cryptosystem, such as RSA.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl b
Output checksums in base64 notation, not hexadecimal.
-.It Xo
-.Fl c
-.Op Ar checklist ...
-.Xc
+.It Fl c Op Ar checklist ...
Compares all checksums contained in the file
.Ar checklist
with newly computed checksums for the corresponding files.
If no file is given, stdin is used.
.It Fl p
Echoes stdin to stdout and appends the
-.Em SHA-256
-sum to stdout.
+checksum to stdout.
.It Fl q
Only print the checksum (quiet mode).
.It Fl r
Runs a built-in test script.
.El
.Pp
-The SHA-256
-sum of each file listed on the command line is printed after the options
-are processed.
+The checksum of each file listed on the command line is printed
+after the options are processed.
.Pp
The
.Nm
-command is shorthand for
+command is shorthand for:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
-cksum -a sha256
+$ cksum -a sha256
.Ed
.Sh EXIT STATUS
-.Ex -std sha256
+The
+.Nm sha256
+and
+.Nm sha512
+utilities exit 0 on success,
+and >0 if an error occurs.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr cksum 1 ,
.Xr md5 1 ,