-.\" $OpenBSD: arch.1,v 1.5 2000/03/04 21:12:00 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: arch.1,v 1.6 2000/03/11 21:40:07 aaron Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1994 SigmaSoft, Th. Lockert
.\" All rights reserved.
.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
-.\" $OpenBSD: arch.1,v 1.5 2000/03/04 21:12:00 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: arch.1,v 1.6 2000/03/11 21:40:07 aaron Exp $
.\"
.Dd June 22, 1996
.Dt ARCH 1
Display the kernel architecture instead of application
architecture.
.It Fl s
-Display the chosen architecture in a short form, i.e. without the
+Display the chosen architecture in a short form, i.e., without the
operating system prefixed.
.El
.Pp
-.\" $OpenBSD: du.1,v 1.12 2000/03/05 20:34:12 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: du.1,v 1.13 2000/03/11 21:40:07 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: du.1,v 1.6 1996/10/18 07:20:31 thorpej Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
.Nm
displays the number of blocks as returned by the
.Xr stat 2
-system call, i.e. 512-byte blocks.
+system call, i.e., 512-byte blocks.
If the
.Fl k
flag is specified, the number displayed is the number of 1024-byte
-.\" $OpenBSD: hexdump.1,v 1.10 2000/03/07 21:11:10 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: hexdump.1,v 1.11 2000/03/11 21:40:07 aaron Exp $
.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.Fl n
option or end-of-file being reached, input data only partially
satisfies a format string, the input block is zero-padded sufficiently
-to display all available data (i.e. any format units overlapping the
+to display all available data (i.e., any format units overlapping the
end of data will display some number of the zero bytes).
.Pp
Further output by such format strings is replaced by an equivalent
-.\" $OpenBSD: od.1,v 1.7 2000/03/07 21:11:10 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: od.1,v 1.8 2000/03/11 21:40:07 aaron Exp $
+.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
-.\" $OpenBSD: make.1,v 1.28 2000/03/10 19:07:21 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: make.1,v 1.29 2000/03/11 21:40:07 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: make.1,v 1.18 1997/03/10 21:19:53 christos Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
.It Ic \&?=
Assign the value to the variable if it is not already defined.
.It Ic \&:=
-Assign with expansion, i.e. expand the value before assigning it
+Assign with expansion, i.e., expand the value before assigning it
to the variable.
Normally, expansion is not done until the variable is referenced.
.It Ic \&!=
.It Va \&$
A single dollar sign
.Ql \&$ ,
-i.e.
+i.e.,
.Ql \&$$
expands to a single dollar
sign.
detected and targets that form loops will be silently ignored.
.El
.Sh "SPECIAL TARGETS"
-Special targets may not be included with other targets, i.e. they must be
+Special targets may not be included with other targets, i.e., they must be
the only target specified.
.Bl -tag -width Ic .BEGIN
.It Ic .BEGIN
-.\" $OpenBSD: rdist.1,v 1.10 2000/03/04 22:19:26 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: rdist.1,v 1.11 2000/03/11 21:40:07 aaron Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.
.I rsh-path
may be a colon separated list of possible pathnames.
In this case, the first component of the path to exist is used.
-i.e.
+i.e.,
.B "/usr/ucb/rsh:/usr/bin/remsh",
.B /usr/bsd/rsh.
.TP
is ".", then
.B rdist
assumes the remote (destination) name is a directory.
-i.e.
+i.e.,
.B /tmp/.
means that
.B /tmp
-.\" $OpenBSD: sed.1,v 1.12 2000/03/10 20:17:52 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: sed.1,v 1.13 2000/03/11 21:40:08 aaron Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.Nm
regular expressions is that they can default to the last regular
expression used.
-If a regular expression is empty, i.e. just the delimiter characters
+If a regular expression is empty, i.e., just the delimiter characters
are specified, the last regular expression encountered is used instead.
The last regular expression is defined as the last regular expression
used as part of an address or substitute command, and at run-time, not
-.\" $OpenBSD: skeyaudit.1,v 1.5 2000/03/05 00:28:58 aaron Exp $
-.\"
+.\" $OpenBSD: skeyaudit.1,v 1.6 2000/03/11 21:40:02 aaron Exp $
.\"
.Dd 22 July 1997
.Dt SKEYAUDIT 1
.It Fl a
Check all keys in
.Pa /etc/skeykeys .
-This option is only available to the super user and
+This option is only available to the superuser and
is useful to run regularly via
.Xr cron 8 .
.It Fl i
-Interactive mode. Don't send mail, just print to standard output.
+Interactive mode.
+Don't send mail, just print to the standard output.
.It Fl l Ar limit
-The limit used to determine whether or not a user should
-be notified. The default is to notify if there are fewer
-than 12 keys left.
+The limit used to determine whether or not a user should be notified.
+The default is to notify if there are fewer than 12 keys left.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /etc/skeykeys -compact
.It Pa /etc/skeykeys
-.\" $OpenBSD: skeyinfo.1,v 1.2 1998/09/27 16:57:53 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: skeyinfo.1,v 1.3 2000/03/11 21:40:02 aaron Exp $
.\"
.Dd 22 July 1997
.Dt SKEYINFO 1
.Op Fl v
.Op Ar user
.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Nm skeyinfo
+.Nm
prints out the next S/Key challenge for the specified user or for the
-current user if no user is specified. If the
-.Fl v
-flag is given, the hash algorithm is printed as well.
-.Sh EXAMPLE
+current user if no user is specified.
+.Pp
+The options are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Fl v
+Print the hash algorithm as well.
+.El
+.Sh EXAMPLES
% skey -n <number of passwords to print> `skeyinfo` | lpr
-.sp
+.Pp
This would print out a list of S/Key passwords for use over
an untrusted network (perhaps for use at a conference).
.Sh SEE ALSO
-.\" $OpenBSD: soelim.1,v 1.4 1999/06/05 01:21:40 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: soelim.1,v 1.5 2000/03/11 21:40:02 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: soelim.1,v 1.3 1994/12/21 08:11:24 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
.Nm soelim
.Op Ar file ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Nm soelim
+.Nm
reads the specified files or the standard input and performs the textual
inclusion implied by the
.Xr nroff 1
in separate files to be run as a part of a large document.
.Pp
An argument consisting of a single minus
-.Ql Fl
+.Pq Ql -
is taken to be
a file name corresponding to the standard input.
.Pp
-Note that inclusion can be suppressed by using
+Inclusion can be suppressed by using
.Ql \e'
instead of
.Ql \e. ,
-i.e.
+i.e.,
.Pp
.Dl \'so /usr/lib/tmac.s
.Pp
A sample usage of
-.Nm soelim
+.Nm
would be
.Pp
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
.Xr colcrt 1 ,
.Xr more 1
.Sh BUGS
-The format of the source commands must involve no strangeness \-
+The format of the source commands must involve no strangeness;
exactly one blank must precede and no blanks follow the file name.
.Sh HISTORY
The
-.\" $OpenBSD: sort.1,v 1.7 2000/03/05 00:28:55 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: sort.1,v 1.8 2000/03/11 21:40:03 aaron Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.Ar ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
-.Nm sort
+.Nm
utility
sorts text files by lines.
Comparisons are based on one or more sort keys extracted
-from each line of input, and are performed
-lexicographically. By default, if keys are not given,
-.Nm sort
+from each line of input, and are performed lexicographically.
+By default, if keys are not given,
+.Nm
regards each input line as a single field.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.It Fl c
Check that the single input file is sorted.
If the file is not sorted,
-.Nm sort
+.Nm
produces the appropriate error messages and exits with code 1;
otherwise,
-.Nm sort
+.Nm
returns 0.
-.Nm sort
+.Nm
.Fl c
produces no output, except the error messages on
.Em stderr .
.It Fl T Ar dir
Use
.Ar dir
-as the directory for temporary files. The default is the contents
-of the environment variable
+as the directory for temporary files.
+The default is the contents of the environment variable
.Ev TMPDIR
or
.Pa /var/tmp
.It Fl r
Reverse the sense of comparisons.
.It Fl H
-Use a merge sort instead of a radix sort. This option should be
-used for files larger than 60Mb.
+Use a merge sort instead of a radix sort.
+This options should be used for files larger than 60Mb.
.El
.Pp
The treatment of field separators can be altered using these
has no effect unless key fields are specified.
.It Fl t Ar char
.Ar char
-is used as the field separator character. The initial
+is used as the field separator character.
+The initial
.Ar char
is not considered to be part of a field when determining
key offsets.
Fields are specified
by the
.Fl k Ar field1[,field2]
-argument. A missing
+argument.
+A missing
.Ar field2
argument defaults to the end of a line.
.Pp
which has no
.Fl k
equivalent.
+.Pp
+The
+.Nm
+utility shall exit with one of the following values:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width flag -compact
+.It 0
+Normal behavior.
+.It 1
+On disorder (or non-uniqueness) with the
+.Fl c
+option.
+.It 2
+An error occurred.
+.El
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
-If the following environment variable exists, it is utilized by
+The following environment variables affect the execution of
.Nm sort :
.Bl -tag -width Fl
.It Ev TMPDIR
.Xr comm 1 ,
.Xr join 1 ,
.Xr uniq 1
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-.Nm sort
-exits with one of the following values:
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width flag -compact
-.It 0
-Normal behavior.
-.It 1
-On disorder (or non-uniqueness) with the
-.Fl c
-option.
-.It 2
-An error occurred.
.Sh BUGS
Lines longer than 65522 characters are discarded and processing continues.
To sort files larger than 60Mb, use
-.Nm sort
+.Nm
.Fl H ;
files larger than 704Mb must be sorted in smaller pieces, then merged.
To protect data
-.Nm sort
+.Nm
.Fl o
calls link and unlink, and thus fails in protected directories.
.Sh HISTORY
A
-.Nm sort
+.Nm
command appeared in
.At v6 .
.Sh NOTES
.Fl k
option should be used whenever possible.
Similarly,
-.Nm sort
+.Nm
.Fl k1f
is equivalent to
-.Nm sort
+.Nm
.Fl f
and may take twice as long.
-.\" $OpenBSD: split.1,v 1.4 1999/06/05 01:21:41 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: split.1,v 1.5 2000/03/11 21:40:03 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: split.1,v 1.5 1994/12/21 08:20:35 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
.Op Ar file Op Ar name
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
-.Nm split
+.Nm
utility reads the given
.Ar file
(or standard input if no file is specified)
.Ar byte_count
bytes in length.
If
-.Dq Li k
+.Sq k
is appended to the number, the file is split into
.Ar byte_count
kilobyte pieces.
If
-.Dq Li m
+.Sq m
is appended to the number, the file is split into
.Ar byte_count
megabyte pieces.
for the names of the files into which the file is split.
In this case, each file into which the file is split is named by the
prefix followed by a lexically ordered suffix in the range of
-.Dq Li aa-zz .
+.Dq aa-zz .
.Pp
If the
.Ar name
argument is not specified, the file is split into lexically ordered
files named in the range of
-.Dq Li xaa-zzz .
+.Dq xaa-zzz .
.Sh BUGS
For historical reasons, if you specify
.Ar name ,
-.Nm split
+.Nm
can only create 676 separate
files.
The default naming convention allows 2028 separate files.
.Xr re_format 7 .
.Sh HISTORY
A
-.Nm split
+.Nm
command appeared in
.At v6 .
.\"
.\" Created: Sat Apr 22 21:55:14 1995 ylo
.\"
-.\" $Id: ssh.1,v 1.39 2000/03/04 07:07:05 djm Exp $
+.\" $Id: ssh.1,v 1.40 2000/03/11 21:40:03 aaron Exp $
.\"
.Dd September 25, 1999
.Dt SSH 1
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
(Secure Shell) is a program for logging into a remote machine and for
-executing commands on a remote machine. It is intended to replace
+executing commands on a remote machine.
+It is intended to replace
rlogin and rsh, and provide secure encrypted communications between
-two untrusted hosts over an insecure network. X11 connections and
+two untrusted hosts over an insecure network.
+X11 connections and
arbitrary TCP/IP ports can also be forwarded over the secure channel.
.Pp
.Nm
exists in the user's home directory on the
remote machine and contains a line containing the name of the client
machine and the name of the user on that machine, the user is
-permitted to log in. This form of authentication alone is normally not
+permitted to log in.
+This form of authentication alone is normally not
allowed by the server because it is not secure.
.Pp
The second (and primary) authentication method is the
.Pa rhosts
or
.Pa hosts.equiv
-method combined with RSA-based host authentication. It
-means that if the login would be permitted by
+method combined with RSA-based host authentication.
+It means that if the login would be permitted by
.Pa \&.rhosts ,
.Pa \&.shosts ,
.Pa /etc/hosts.equiv ,
.Pa $HOME/.ssh/known_hosts
in the
.Sx FILES
-section), only then login is
-permitted. This authentication method closes security holes due to IP
-spoofing, DNS spoofing and routing spoofing. [Note to the
-administrator:
+section), only then login is permitted.
+This authentication method closes security holes due to IP
+spoofing, DNS spoofing and routing spoofing.
+[Note to the administrator:
.Pa /etc/hosts.equiv ,
.Pa \&.rhosts ,
and the rlogin/rsh protocol in general, are inherently insecure and should be
The scheme is based on public-key cryptography: there are cryptosystems
where encryption and decryption are done using separate keys, and it
is not possible to derive the decryption key from the encryption key.
-RSA is one such system. The idea is that each user creates a public/private
-key pair for authentication purposes. The
-server knows the public key, and only the user knows the private key.
+RSA is one such system.
+The idea is that each user creates a public/private
+key pair for authentication purposes.
+The server knows the public key, and only the user knows the private key.
The file
.Pa $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
lists the public keys that are permitted for logging
-in. When the user logs in, the
+in.
+When the user logs in, the
.Nm
program tells the server which key pair it would like to use for
-authentication. The server checks if this key is permitted, and if
+authentication.
+The server checks if this key is permitted, and if
so, sends the user (actually the
.Nm
program running on behalf of the user) a challenge, a random number,
-encrypted by the user's public key. The challenge can only be
-decrypted using the proper private key. The user's client then decrypts the
+encrypted by the user's public key.
+The challenge can only be
+decrypted using the proper private key.
+The user's client then decrypts the
challenge using the private key, proving that he/she knows the private
key but without disclosing it to the server.
.Pp
.Nm
-implements the RSA authentication protocol automatically. The user
-creates his/her RSA key pair by running
+implements the RSA authentication protocol automatically.
+The user creates his/her RSA key pair by running
.Xr ssh-keygen 1 .
This stores the private key in
.Pa \&.ssh/identity
and the public key in
.Pa \&.ssh/identity.pub
-in the user's home directory. The user should then
-copy the
+in the user's home directory.
+The user should then copy the
.Pa identity.pub
to
.Pa \&.ssh/authorized_keys
file corresponds to the conventional
.Pa \&.rhosts
file, and has one key
-per line, though the lines can be very long). After this, the user
-can log in without giving the password. RSA authentication is much
+per line, though the lines can be very long).
+After this, the user can log in without giving the password.
+RSA authentication is much
more secure than rhosts authentication.
.Pp
The most convenient way to use RSA authentication may be with an
-authentication agent. See
+authentication agent.
+See
.Xr ssh-agent 1
for more information.
.Pp
If other authentication methods fail,
.Nm
-prompts the user for a password. The password is sent to the remote
+prompts the user for a password.
+The password is sent to the remote
host for checking; however, since all communications are encrypted,
the password cannot be seen by someone listening on the network.
.Pp
When the user's identity has been accepted by the server, the server
either executes the given command, or logs into the machine and gives
-the user a normal shell on the remote machine. All communication with
+the user a normal shell on the remote machine.
+All communication with
the remote command or shell will be automatically encrypted.
.Pp
If a pseudo-terminal has been allocated (normal login session), the
connections to terminate, it can be backgrounded with
.Ic ~&
(this should not be used while the user shell is active, as it can cause the
-shell to hang). All available escapes can be listed with
+shell to hang).
+All available escapes can be listed with
.Ic ~? .
.Pp
A single tilde character can be sent as
.Ic ~~
(or by following the tilde by a character other than those described above).
The escape character must always follow a newline to be interpreted as
-special. The escape character can be changed in configuration files
-or on the command line.
+special.
+The escape character can be changed in configuration files
+or on the command line.
.Pp
If no pseudo tty has been allocated, the
session is transparent and can be used to reliably transfer binary
-data. On most systems, setting the escape character to
+data.
+On most systems, setting the escape character to
.Dq none
will also make the session transparent even if a tty is used.
.Pp
automatically forwarded to the remote side in such a way that any X11
programs started from the shell (or command) will go through the
encrypted channel, and the connection to the real X server will be made
-from the local machine. The user should not manually set
+from the local machine.
+The user should not manually set
.Ev DISPLAY .
Forwarding of X11 connections can be
configured on the command line or in configuration files.
value set by
.Nm
will point to the server machine, but with a display number greater
-than zero. This is normal, and happens because
+than zero.
+This is normal, and happens because
.Nm
creates a
.Dq proxy
For this purpose, it will generate a random authorization cookie,
store it in Xauthority on the server, and verify that any forwarded
connections carry this cookie and replace it by the real cookie when
-the connection is opened. The real authentication cookie is never
+the connection is opened.
+The real authentication cookie is never
sent to the server machine (and no cookies are sent in the plain).
.Pp
If the user is using an authentication agent, the connection to the agent
command line or in a configuration file.
.Pp
Forwarding of arbitrary TCP/IP connections over the secure channel can
-be specified either on command line or in a configuration file. One
-possible application of TCP/IP forwarding is a secure connection to an
+be specified either on command line or in a configuration file.
+One possible application of TCP/IP forwarding is a secure connection to an
electronic purse; another is going trough firewalls.
.Pp
.Nm
automatically maintains and checks a database containing RSA-based
-identifications for all hosts it has ever been used with. The
-database is stored in
+identifications for all hosts it has ever been used with.
+The database is stored in
.Pa \&.ssh/known_hosts
-in the user's home directory. Additionally, the file
+in the user's home directory.
+Additionally, the file
.Pa /etc/ssh_known_hosts
-is automatically checked for known hosts. Any new hosts are
-automatically added to the user's file. If a host's identification
+is automatically checked for known hosts.
+Any new hosts are automatically added to the user's file.
+If a host's identification
ever changes,
.Nm
warns about this and disables password authentication to prevent a
-trojan horse from getting the user's password. Another purpose of
+trojan horse from getting the user's password.
+Another purpose of
this mechanism is to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks which could
-otherwise be used to circumvent the encryption. The
+otherwise be used to circumvent the encryption.
+The
.Cm StrictHostKeyChecking
option (see below) can be used to prevent logins to machines whose
host key is not known or has changed.
.It Fl c Ar blowfish|3des
Selects the cipher to use for encrypting the session.
.Ar 3des
-is used by default. It is believed to be secure.
+is used by default.
+It is believed to be secure.
.Ar 3des
(triple-des) is an encrypt-decrypt-encrypt triple with three different keys.
It is presumably more secure than the
cipher which is no longer supported in ssh.
.Ar blowfish
is a fast block cipher, it appears very secure and is much faster than
-.Ar 3des .
+.Ar 3des .
.It Fl e Ar ch|^ch|none
Sets the escape character for sessions with a pty (default:
.Ql ~ ) .
-The escape character is only recognized at the beginning of a line. The
-escape character followed by a dot
+The escape character is only recognized at the beginning of a line.
+The escape character followed by a dot
.Pq Ql \&.
closes the connection, followed
by control-Z suspends the connection, and followed by itself sends the
-escape character once. Setting the character to
+escape character once.
+Setting the character to
.Dq none
disables any escapes and makes the session fully transparent.
.It Fl f
Requests
.Nm
-to go to background just before command execution. This is useful
-if
+to go to background just before command execution.
+This is useful if
.Nm
is going to ask for passwords or passphrases, but the user
-wants it in the background. This implies
+wants it in the background.
+This implies
.Fl n .
The recommended way to start X11 programs at a remote site is with
something like
Allows remote hosts to connect to local forwarded ports.
.It Fl i Ar identity_file
Selects the file from which the identity (private key) for
-RSA authentication is read. Default is
+RSA authentication is read.
+Default is
.Pa \&.ssh/identity
-in the user's home directory. Identity files may also be specified on
-a per-host basis in the configuration file. It is possible to have
-multiple
+in the user's home directory.
+Identity files may also be specified on
+a per-host basis in the configuration file.
+It is possible to have multiple
.Fl i
options (and multiple identities specified in
configuration files).
Disables forwarding of Kerberos tickets and AFS tokens. This may
also be specified on a per-host basis in the configuration file.
.It Fl l Ar login_name
-Specifies the user to log in as on the remote machine. This may also
-be specified on a per-host basis in the configuration file.
+Specifies the user to log in as on the remote machine.
+This also may be specified on a per-host basis in the configuration file.
.It Fl n
Redirects stdin from
.Pa /dev/null
(actually, prevents reading from stdin).
This must be used when
.Nm
-is run in the background. A common trick is to use this to run X11
-programs in a remote machine. For example,
+is run in the background.
+A common trick is to use this to run X11 programs on a remote machine.
+For example,
.Ic ssh -n shadows.cs.hut.fi emacs &
will start an emacs on shadows.cs.hut.fi, and the X11
connection will be automatically forwarded over an encrypted channel.
.It Fl o Ar option
Can be used to give options in the format used in the config file.
This is useful for specifying options for which there is no separate
-command-line flag. The option has the same format as a line in the
-configuration file.
+command-line flag.
+The option has the same format as a line in the configuration file.
.It Fl p Ar port
-Port to connect to on the remote host. This can be specified on a
+Port to connect to on the remote host.
+This can be specified on a
per-host basis in the configuration file.
.It Fl P
Use a non-privileged port for outgoing connections.
and
.Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication .
.It Fl q
-Quiet mode. Causes all warning and diagnostic messages to be
-suppressed. Only fatal errors are displayed.
+Quiet mode.
+Causes all warning and diagnostic messages to be suppressed.
+Only fatal errors are displayed.
.It Fl t
-Force pseudo-tty allocation. This can be used to execute arbitary
-screen-based programs on a remote machine, which can be very useful
-e.g. when implementing menu services.
+Force pseudo-tty allocation.
+This can be used to execute arbitary
+screen-based programs on a remote machine, which can be very useful,
+e.g., when implementing menu services.
.It Fl v
-Verbose mode. Causes
+Verbose mode.
+Causes
.Nm
-to print debugging messages about its progress. This is helpful in
+to print debugging messages about its progress.
+This is helpful in
debugging connection, authentication, and configuration problems.
The verbose mode is also used to display
.Xr skey 1
challenges, if the user entered "s/key" as password.
.It Fl x
-Disables X11 forwarding. This can also be specified on a per-host
-basis in a configuration file.
+Disables X11 forwarding.
+This can also be specified on a per-host basis in a configuration file.
.It Fl X
Enables X11 forwarding.
.It Fl C
Requests compression of all data (including stdin, stdout, stderr, and
-data for forwarded X11 and TCP/IP connections). The compression
-algorithm is the same used by
+data for forwarded X11 and TCP/IP connections).
+The compression algorithm is the same used by
.Xr gzip 1 ,
and the
.Dq level
can be controlled by the
.Cm CompressionLevel
-option (see below). Compression is desirable on modem lines and other
+option (see below).
+Compression is desirable on modem lines and other
slow connections, but will only slow down things on fast networks.
The default value can be set on a host-by-host basis in the
configuration files; see the
option below.
.It Fl L Ar port:host:hostport
Specifies that the given port on the local (client) host is to be
-forwarded to the given host and port on the remote side. This works
-by allocating a socket to listen to
+forwarded to the given host and port on the remote side.
+This works by allocating a socket to listen to
.Ar port
on the local side, and whenever a connection is made to this port, the
connection is forwarded over the secure channel, and a connection is
.Ar host
port
.Ar hostport
-from the remote machine. Port forwardings can also be specified in the
-configuration file. Only root can forward privileged ports.
+from the remote machine.
+Port forwardings can also be specified in the configuration file.
+Only root can forward privileged ports.
IPv6 addresses can be specified with an alternative syntax:
.Ar port/host/hostport
.It Fl R Ar port:host:hostport
Specifies that the given port on the remote (server) host is to be
-forwarded to the given host and port on the local side. This works
-by allocating a socket to listen to
+forwarded to the given host and port on the local side.
+This works by allocating a socket to listen to
.Ar port
on the remote side, and whenever a connection is made to this port, the
connection is forwarded over the secure channel, and a connection is
.Ar host
port
.Ar hostport
-from the local machine. Port forwardings can also be specified in the
-configuration file. Privileged ports can be forwarded only when
+from the local machine.
+Port forwardings can also be specified in the configuration file.
+Privileged ports can be forwarded only when
logging in as root on the remote machine.
.It Fl 4
Forces
and system-wide configuration file
.Pq Pa /etc/ssh_config .
For each parameter, the first obtained value
-will be used. The configuration files contain sections bracketed by
-"Host" specifications, and that section is only applied for hosts that
-match one of the patterns given in the specification. The matched
-host name is the one given on the command line.
+will be used.
+The configuration files contain sections bracketed by
+.Dq Host
+specifications, and that section is only applied for hosts that
+match one of the patterns given in the specification.
+The matched host name is the one given on the command line.
.Pp
Since the first obtained value for each parameter is used, more
host-specific declarations should be given near the beginning of the
and
.Ql ?
can be used as wildcards in the
-patterns. A single
+patterns.
+A single
.Ql \&*
as a pattern can be used to provide global
-defaults for all hosts. The host is the
+defaults for all hosts.
+The host is the
.Ar hostname
argument given on the command line (i.e., the name is not converted to
a canonicalized host name before matching).
.It Cm BatchMode
If set to
.Dq yes ,
-passphrase/password querying will be disabled. This
-option is useful in scripts and other batch jobs where you have no
-user to supply the password. The argument must be
+passphrase/password querying will be disabled.
+This option is useful in scripts and other batch jobs where you have no
+user to supply the password.
+The argument must be
.Dq yes
or
.Dq no .
.Dq no ,
the check will not be executed.
.It Cm Cipher
-Specifies the cipher to use for encrypting the session. Currently,
+Specifies the cipher to use for encrypting the session.
+Currently,
.Dq blowfish ,
and
.Dq 3des
-are supported. The default is
+are supported.
+The default is
.Dq 3des .
.It Cm Compression
-Specifies whether to use compression. The argument must be
+Specifies whether to use compression.
+The argument must be
.Dq yes
or
.Dq no .
.It Cm CompressionLevel
-Specifies the compression level to use if compression is enable. The
-argument must be an integer from 1 (fast) to 9 (slow, best). The
-default level is 6, which is good for most applications. The meaning
-of the values is the same as in
+Specifies the compression level to use if compression is enable.
+The argument must be an integer from 1 (fast) to 9 (slow, best).
+The default level is 6, which is good for most applications.
+The meaning of the values is the same as in
.Xr gzip 1 .
.It Cm ConnectionAttempts
Specifies the number of tries (one per second) to make before falling
-back to rsh or exiting. The argument must be an integer. This may be
-useful in scripts if the connection sometimes fails.
+back to rsh or exiting.
+The argument must be an integer.
+This may be useful in scripts if the connection sometimes fails.
.It Cm EscapeChar
Sets the escape character (default:
.Ql ~ ) .
The escape character can also
-be set on the command line. The argument should be a single
-character,
+be set on the command line.
+The argument should be a single character,
.Ql ^
followed by a letter, or
.Dq none
listening on the remote host),
.Xr rsh 1
should automatically be used instead (after a suitable warning about
-the session being unencrypted). The argument must be
+the session being unencrypted).
+The argument must be
.Dq yes
or
.Dq no .
.It Cm ForwardAgent
Specifies whether the connection to the authentication agent (if any)
-will be forwarded to the remote machine. The argument must be
+will be forwarded to the remote machine.
+The argument must be
.Dq yes
or
.Dq no .
Specifies whether X11 connections will be automatically redirected
over the secure channel and
.Ev DISPLAY
-set. The argument must be
+set.
+The argument must be
.Dq yes
or
.Dq no .
Specifies a file to use instead of
.Pa /etc/ssh_known_hosts .
.It Cm HostName
-Specifies the real host name to log into. This can be used to specify
-nicnames or abbreviations for hosts. Default is the name given on the
-command line. Numeric IP addresses are also permitted (both on the
-command line and in
+Specifies the real host name to log into.
+This can be used to specify nicknames or abbreviations for hosts.
+Default is the name given on the command line.
+Numeric IP addresses are also permitted (both on the command line and in
.Cm HostName
specifications).
.It Cm IdentityFile
.Pa .ssh/identity
in the user's home directory).
Additionally, any identities represented by the authentication agent
-will be used for authentication. The file name may use the tilde
-syntax to refer to a user's home directory. It is possible to have
+will be used for authentication.
+The file name may use the tilde
+syntax to refer to a user's home directory.
+It is possible to have
multiple identity files specified in configuration files; all these
identities will be tried in sequence.
.It Cm KeepAlive
Specifies whether the system should send keepalive messages to the
-other side. If they are sent, death of the connection or crash of one
-of the machines will be properly noticed. However, this means that
+other side.
+If they are sent, death of the connection or crash of one
+of the machines will be properly noticed.
+However, this means that
connections will die if the route is down temporarily, and some people
find it annoying.
.Pp
The default is
.Dq yes
(to send keepalives), and the client will notice
-if the network goes down or the remote host dies. This is important
-in scripts, and many users want it too.
+if the network goes down or the remote host dies.
+This is important in scripts, and many users want it too.
.Pp
To disable keepalives, the value should be set to
.Dq no
.Dq no .
.It Cm LocalForward
Specifies that a TCP/IP port on the local machine be forwarded over
-the secure channel to given host:port from the remote machine. The
-first argument must be a port number, and the second must be
-host:port. Multiple forwardings may be specified, and additional
-forwardings can be given on the command line. Only the root can
-forward privileged ports.
+the secure channel to given host:port from the remote machine.
+The first argument must be a port number, and the second must be
+host:port.
+Multiple forwardings may be specified, and additional
+forwardings can be given on the command line.
+Only the superuser can forward privileged ports.
.It Cm LogLevel
Gives the verbosity level that is used when logging messages from
.Nm ssh .
Specifies the number of password prompts before giving up. The
argument to this keyword must be an integer. Default is 3.
.It Cm PasswordAuthentication
-Specifies whether to use password authentication. The argument to
-this keyword must be
+Specifies whether to use password authentication.
+The argument to this keyword must be
.Dq yes
or
.Dq no .
.It Cm Port
-Specifies the port number to connect on the remote host. Default is
-22.
+Specifies the port number to connect on the remote host.
+Default is 22.
.It Cm ProxyCommand
-Specifies the command to use to connect to the server. The command
-string extends to the end of the line, and is executed with /bin/sh.
-In the command string, %h will be substituted by the host name to
-connect and %p by the port. The command can be basically anything,
-and should read from its stdin and write to its stdout. It should
-eventually connect an
+Specifies the command to use to connect to the server.
+The command
+string extends to the end of the line, and is executed with
+.Pa /bin/sh .
+In the command string,
+.Ql %h
+will be substituted by the host name to
+connect and
+.Ql %p
+by the port.
+The command can be basically anything,
+and should read from its standard input and write to its standard output.
+It should eventually connect an
.Xr sshd 8
server running on some machine, or execute
.Ic sshd -i
-somewhere. Host key management will be done using the
+somewhere.
+Host key management will be done using the
HostName of the host being connected (defaulting to the name typed by
the user).
Note that
.Pp
.It Cm RemoteForward
Specifies that a TCP/IP port on the remote machine be forwarded over
-the secure channel to given host:port from the local machine. The
-first argument must be a port number, and the second must be
-host:port. Multiple forwardings may be specified, and additional
-forwardings can be given on the command line. Only the root can
-forward privileged ports.
+the secure channel to given host:port from the local machine.
+The first argument must be a port number, and the second must be
+host:port.
+Multiple forwardings may be specified, and additional
+forwardings can be given on the command line.
+Only the superuser can forward privileged ports.
.It Cm RhostsAuthentication
-Specifies whether to try rhosts based authentication. Note that this
+Specifies whether to try rhosts based authentication.
+Note that this
declaration only affects the client side and has no effect whatsoever
-on security. Disabling rhosts authentication may reduce
+on security.
+Disabling rhosts authentication may reduce
authentication time on slow connections when rhosts authentication is
-not used. Most servers do not permit RhostsAuthentication because it
-is not secure (see RhostsRSAAuthentication). The argument to this
-keyword must be
+not used.
+Most servers do not permit RhostsAuthentication because it
+is not secure (see RhostsRSAAuthentication).
+The argument to this keyword must be
.Dq yes
or
.Dq no .
.It Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication
Specifies whether to try rhosts based authentication with RSA host
-authentication. This is the primary authentication method for most
-sites. The argument must be
+authentication.
+This is the primary authentication method for most sites.
+The argument must be
.Dq yes
or
.Dq no .
.It Cm RSAAuthentication
-Specifies whether to try RSA authentication. The argument to this
-keyword must be
+Specifies whether to try RSA authentication.
+The argument to this keyword must be
.Dq yes
or
.Dq no .
.It Cm SkeyAuthentication
Specifies whether to use
.Xr skey 1
-authentication. The argument to
-this keyword must be
+authentication.
+The argument to this keyword must be
.Dq yes
or
.Dq no .
.Nm
ssh will never automatically add host keys to the
.Pa $HOME/.ssh/known_hosts
-file, and refuses to connect hosts whose host key has changed. This
-provides maximum protection against trojan horse attacks. However, it
-can be somewhat annoying if you don't have good
+file, and refuses to connect hosts whose host key has changed.
+This provides maximum protection against trojan horse attacks.
+However, it can be somewhat annoying if you don't have good
.Pa /etc/ssh_known_hosts
files installed and frequently
-connect new hosts. Basically this option forces the user to manually
-add any new hosts. Normally this option is disabled, and new hosts
-will automatically be added to the known host files. The host keys of
-known hosts will be verified automatically in either case. The
-argument must be
+connect new hosts.
+Basically this option forces the user to manually
+add any new hosts.
+Normally this option is disabled, and new hosts
+will automatically be added to the known host files.
+The host keys of
+known hosts will be verified automatically in either case.
+The argument must be
.Dq yes
or
.Dq no .
and
.Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication .
.It Cm User
-Specifies the user to log in as. This can be useful if you have a
-different user name in different machines. This saves the trouble of
+Specifies the user to log in as.
+This can be useful if you have a different user name on different machines.
+This saves the trouble of
having to remember to give the user name on the command line.
.It Cm UserKnownHostsFile
Specifies a file to use instead of
.Pa $HOME/.ssh/known_hosts .
.It Cm UseRsh
-Specifies that rlogin/rsh should be used for this host. It is
-possible that the host does not at all support the
+Specifies that rlogin/rsh should be used for this host.
+It is possible that the host does not at all support the
.Nm
-protocol. This causes
+protocol.
+This causes
.Nm
-to immediately exec
+to immediately execute
.Xr rsh 1 .
All other options (except
.Cm HostName )
-are ignored if this has been specified. The argument must be
+are ignored if this has been specified.
+The argument must be
.Dq yes
or
.Dq no .
.It Ev DISPLAY
The
.Ev DISPLAY
-variable indicates the location of the X11 server. It is
-automatically set by
+variable indicates the location of the X11 server.
+It is automatically set by
.Nm
to point to a value of the form
.Dq hostname:n
where hostname indicates
-the host where the shell runs, and n is an integer >= 1. Ssh uses
-this special value to forward X11 connections over the secure
-channel. The user should normally not set DISPLAY explicitly, as that
+the host where the shell runs, and n is an integer >= 1.
+.Nm
+uses this special value to forward X11 connections over the secure
+channel.
+The user should normally not set DISPLAY explicitly, as that
will render the X11 connection insecure (and will require the user to
manually copy any required authorization cookies).
.It Ev HOME
set for compatibility with systems that use this variable.
.It Ev MAIL
Set to point the user's mailbox.
-.It Ev PATH
+.It Ev PATH
Set to the default
.Ev PATH ,
as specified when compiling
indicates the path of a unix-domain socket used to communicate with the
agent.
.It Ev SSH_CLIENT
-Identifies the client end of the connection. The variable contains
+Identifies the client end of the connection.
+The variable contains
three space-separated values: client ip-address, client port number,
and server port number.
.It Ev SSH_TTY
This is set to the name of the tty (path to the device) associated
-with the current shell or command. If the current session has no tty,
+with the current shell or command.
+If the current session has no tty,
this variable is not set.
.It Ev TZ
The timezone variable is set to indicate the present timezone if it
See
.Xr sshd 8 .
.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/identity
-Contains the RSA authentication identity of the user. This file
+Contains the RSA authentication identity of the user.
+This file
contains sensitive data and should be readable by the user but not
accessible by others (read/write/execute).
Note that
sensitive part of this file using 3DES.
.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/identity.pub
Contains the public key for authentication (public part of the
-identity file in human-readable form). The contents of this file
-should be added to
+identity file in human-readable form).
+The contents of this file should be added to
.Pa $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
on all machines
-where you wish to log in using RSA authentication. This file is not
-sensitive and can (but need not) be readable by anyone. This file is
+where you wish to log in using RSA authentication.
+This file is not
+sensitive and can (but need not) be readable by anyone.
+This file is
never used automatically and is not necessary; it is only provided for
the convenience of the user.
.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/config
-This is the per-user configuration file. The format of this file is
-described above. This file is used by the
+This is the per-user configuration file.
+The format of this file is described above.
+This file is used by the
.Nm
-client. This file does not usually contain any sensitive information,
+client.
+This file does not usually contain any sensitive information,
but the recommended permissions are read/write for the user, and not
accessible by others.
.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
-Lists the RSA keys that can be used for logging in as this user. The
-format of this file is described in the
+Lists the RSA keys that can be used for logging in as this user.
+The format of this file is described in the
.Xr sshd 8
-manual page. In the simplest form the format is the same as the .pub
+manual page.
+In the simplest form the format is the same as the .pub
identity files (that is, each line contains the number of bits in
modulus, public exponent, modulus, and comment fields, separated by
-spaces). This file is not highly sensitive, but the recommended
+spaces).
+This file is not highly sensitive, but the recommended
permissions are read/write for the user, and not accessible by others.
.It Pa /etc/ssh_known_hosts
-Systemwide list of known host keys. This file should be prepared by the
+Systemwide list of known host keys.
+This file should be prepared by the
system administrator to contain the public host keys of all machines in the
-organization. This file should be world-readable. This file contains
+organization.
+This file should be world-readable.
+This file contains
public keys, one per line, in the following format (fields separated
by spaces): system name, number of bits in modulus, public exponent,
-modulus, and optional comment field. When different names are used
+modulus, and optional comment field.
+When different names are used
for the same machine, all such names should be listed, separated by
-commas. The format is described on the
+commas.
+The format is described on the
.Xr sshd 8
manual page.
.Pp
checking the key, because someone with access to the name servers
would then be able to fool host authentication.
.It Pa /etc/ssh_config
-Systemwide configuration file. This file provides defaults for those
+Systemwide configuration file.
+This file provides defaults for those
values that are not specified in the user's configuration file, and
-for those users who do not have a configuration file. This file must
-be world-readable.
+for those users who do not have a configuration file.
+This file must be world-readable.
.It Pa $HOME/.rhosts
This file is used in
.Pa \&.rhosts
authentication to list the
-host/user pairs that are permitted to log in. (Note that this file is
+host/user pairs that are permitted to log in.
+(Note that this file is
also used by rlogin and rsh, which makes using this file insecure.)
Each line of the file contains a host name (in the canonical form
returned by name servers), and then a user name on that host,
-separated by a space. One some machines this file may need to be
+separated by a space.
+One some machines this file may need to be
world-readable if the user's home directory is on a NFS partition,
because
.Xr sshd 8
-reads it as root. Additionally, this file must be owned by the user,
-and must not have write permissions for anyone else. The recommended
+reads it as root.
+Additionally, this file must be owned by the user,
+and must not have write permissions for anyone else.
+The recommended
permission for most machines is read/write for the user, and not
accessible by others.
.Pp
Note that by default
.Xr sshd 8
will be installed so that it requires successful RSA host
-authentication before permitting \s+2.\s0rhosts authentication. If your
-server machine does not have the client's host key in
+authentication before permitting \s+2.\s0rhosts authentication.
+If your server machine does not have the client's host key in
.Pa /etc/ssh_known_hosts ,
you can store it in
.Pa $HOME/.ssh/known_hosts .
.Xr rsh 1 .
.It Pa /etc/hosts.equiv
This file is used during
-.Pa \&.rhosts authentication. It contains
+.Pa \&.rhosts authentication.
+It contains
canonical hosts names, one per line (the full format is described on
the
.Xr sshd 8
-manual page). If the client host is found in this file, login is
+manual page).
+If the client host is found in this file, login is
automatically permitted provided client and server user names are the
-same. Additionally, successful RSA host authentication is normally
-required. This file should only be writable by root.
+same.
+Additionally, successful RSA host authentication is normally
+required.
+This file should only be writable by root.
.It Pa /etc/shosts.equiv
This file is processed exactly as
.Pa /etc/hosts.equiv .
.Sh AUTHOR
OpenSSH
is a derivative of the original (free) ssh 1.2.12 release by Tatu Ylonen,
-but with bugs removed and newer features re-added. Rapidly after the
+but with bugs removed and newer features re-added.
+Rapidly after the
1.2.12 release, newer versions of the original ssh bore successively
more restrictive licenses, and thus demand for a free version was born.
This version of OpenSSH
-.\" $OpenBSD: strings.1,v 1.5 2000/02/23 19:44:08 provos Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: strings.1,v 1.6 2000/03/11 21:40:03 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: strings.1,v 1.4 1994/12/10 11:54:28 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
.It Fl o
Each string is preceded by its octal offset in the file.
.It Fl t Ar radix
-Each string is preceded by its offset in the file. The first character of
+Each string is preceded by its offset in the file.
+The first character of
.Ar radix
determines the radix of the offset:
.Sq o
-.\" $OpenBSD: su.1,v 1.8 1999/06/05 01:21:41 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: su.1,v 1.9 2000/03/11 21:40:03 aaron Exp $
+.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
If the optional
.Ar "shell arguments"
are provided on the command line, they are passed to the login shell of
-the target login. This allows it to pass arbitrary commands via
-the
+the target login.
+This allows it to pass arbitrary commands via the
.Fl c
-option as understood by most shells. Note that
+option as understood by most shells.
+Note that
.Fl c
usually expects a single argument only; you have to quote it when
passing multiple words.
to
.Dq root .
.Pp
-By default (unless the prompt is reset by a startup file) the super-user
+By default (unless the prompt is reset by a startup file) the superuser
prompt is set to
.Dq Sy \&#
to remind one of its awesome power.
Pretend a login for user
.Li foo .
.El
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr csh 1 ,
-.Xr kerberos 1 ,
-.Xr kinit 1 ,
-.Xr login 1 ,
-.Xr sh 1 ,
-.Xr skey 1 ,
-.Xr group 5 ,
-.Xr passwd 5 ,
-.Xr environ 7
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
-Environment variables used by
+The following environment variables affect the execution of
.Nm su :
-.Bl -tag -width HOME
+.Bl -tag -width LOGNAME
.It Ev HOME
Default home directory of real user ID unless modified as
specified above.
Same as
.Ev LOGNAME .
.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr csh 1 ,
+.Xr kerberos 1 ,
+.Xr kinit 1 ,
+.Xr login 1 ,
+.Xr sh 1 ,
+.Xr skey 1 ,
+.Xr group 5 ,
+.Xr passwd 5 ,
+.Xr environ 7
.Sh HISTORY
A
.Nm
-.\" $OpenBSD: systat.1,v 1.15 2000/03/06 03:17:39 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: systat.1,v 1.16 2000/03/11 21:40:03 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: systat.1,v 1.6 1996/05/10 23:16:39 thorpej Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993
While
.Nm
is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
-is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen). The
-upper window depicts the current system load average. The
-information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
-user commands. The last line on the screen is reserved for user
+is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen).
+The upper window depicts the current system load average.
+The information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
+user commands.
+The last line on the screen is reserved for user
input and error messages.
.Pp
By default
.Nm
displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
-in the lower window. Other displays show swap space usage, disk
+in the lower window.
+Other displays show swap space usage, disk
.Tn I/O
statistics (a la
.Xr iostat 8 ) ,
.Dq global
command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
-input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter. This
-allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
+input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter.
+This allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
.Pp
-Command line options:
+The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval"
.It Fl M Ar core
Extract values associated with the name list from
.It Ar refresh-interval
The
.Ar refresh-interval
-specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds. This is provided
-for backwards compatibility, and overrides the
+specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
+This is provided for backwards compatibility, and overrides the
.Ar refresh-interval
specified with the
.Fl w
.Nm systat .
.It Ic \&:
Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
-line typed as a command. While entering a command the
+line typed as a command.
+While entering a command the
current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
may be used.
.El
.Op Ic start
.Op Ar number
.Xc
-Start (continue) refreshing the screen. If a second, numeric,
+Start (continue) refreshing the screen.
+If a second, numeric,
argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
(in seconds).
Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
process.
.It Ic iostat
Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
-and disk throughput. Statistics on processor use appear as
-bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
-in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in
-system mode (``system''), and idle (``idle''). Statistics
+and disk throughput.
+Statistics on processor use appear as
+bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode
+.Pq Dq user ,
+in user mode running low priority processes
+.Pq Dq nice ,
+in system mode
+.Pq Dq system ,
+and idle
+.Pq Dq idle .
+Statistics
on disk throughput show, for each drive, kilobytes of data transferred,
number of disk transactions performed, and time spent in disk accesses
-(in milliseconds). This information may be displayed as
-bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward. Bar
-graphs are shown by default.
+(in milliseconds).
+This information may be displayed as
+bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward.
+Bar graphs are shown by default.
.Pp
The following commands are specific to the
.Ic iostat
.It Cm numbers
Show the disk
.Tn I/O
-statistics in numeric form. Values are
-displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
+statistics in numeric form.
+Values are displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
.It Cm bars
Show the disk
.Tn I/O
Areas known to the kernel but not in use are shown as not available.
.It Ic mbufs
Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
-for particular uses, i.e. data, socket structures, etc.
+for particular uses, i.e., data, socket structures, etc.
.It Ic vmstat
Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
.Pq Sq w .
Below the queue length listing is a numerical listing and
a bar graph showing the amount of
-system (shown as `='), user (shown as `>'),
-nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
+system (shown as
+.Ql = ) ,
+user (shown as
+.Ql > ) ,
+nice (shown as
+.Ql - ) ,
+and idle time (shown as
+.Ql \ ) .
.Pp
To the right of the Proc display are statistics about
-Context switches (`Csw'), Traps (`Trp'), Syscalls (`Sys'),
-Interrupts (`Int'), Soft interrupts (`Sof'), and Faults (`Flt')
+Context switches
+.Pq Dq Csw ,
+Traps
+.Pq Dq Trp ,
+Syscalls
+.Pq Dq Sys ,
+Interrupts
+.Pq Dq Int ,
+Soft interrupts
+.Pq Dq Sof ,
+and Faults
+.Pq Dq Flt
which have occurred during the last refresh interval.
.Pp
Below the CPU Usage graph are statistics on name translations.
.Ic vmstat
display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
.It Cm boot
Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
.It Cm run
Reset running statistics to zero.
.El
.It Ic netstat
-Display, in the lower window, network connections. By default,
-network servers awaiting requests are not displayed. Each address
-is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
-when possible. It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
+Display, in the lower window, network connections.
+By default, network servers awaiting requests are not displayed.
+Each address
+is displayed in the format
+.Dq host.port ,
+with each shown symbolically, when possible.
+It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols
(the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
+.Bl -tag -width Ar
.It Cm all
Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
is the equivalent of the
Display network addresses numerically.
.It Cm names
Display network addresses symbolically.
-.It Ar protocol
+.It Cm protocol
Display only network connections using the indicated protocol
(currently either
.Dq tcp
.Dq udp ) .
.It Cm ignore Op Ar items
Do not display information about connections associated with
-the specified hosts or ports. Hosts and ports may be specified
-by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically. Host addresses
-use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9''). Multiple items
+the specified hosts or ports.
+Hosts and ports may be specified
+by name
+.Pf ( Dq vangogh ,
+.Dq ftp ) ,
+or numerically.
+Host addresses
+use the Internet dot notation
+.Pq Dq 128.32.0.9 .
+Multiple items
may be specified with a single command by separating them with
spaces.
.It Cm display Op Ar items
Display information about the connections associated with the
-specified hosts or ports. As for
+specified hosts or ports.
+As for
.Ar ignore ,
.Ar items
may be names or numbers.
.It Cm show Op Ar ports\&|hosts
Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
-hosts, and ports. Hosts and ports which are being ignored
-are prefixed with a `!'. If
+hosts, and ports.
+Hosts and ports which are being ignored are prefixed with a
+.Ql ! .
+If
.Ar ports
or
.Ar hosts
.El
.Pp
Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
-minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
+minimum unambiguous prefix; for example,
+.Dq io
+for
+.Dq iostat .
Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
-insufficient for display. For example, on a machine with 10
-drives the
+insufficient for display.
+For example, on a machine with 10 drives the
.Ic iostat
-bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal. When
-a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
-truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
+bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal.
+When a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
+truncated and the actual value is printed
+.Dq over top
+of the bar.
.Pp
The following commands are common to each display which shows
-information about disk drives. These commands are used to
+information about disk drives.
+These commands are used to
select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the
screen.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Tx -compact
.It Cm ignore Op Ar drives
-Do not display information about the drives indicated. Multiple
-drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
+Do not display information about the drives indicated.
+Multiple drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
.It Cm display Op Ar drives
-Display information about the drives indicated. Multiple drives
-may be specified, separated by spaces.
+Display information about the drives indicated.
+Multiple drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
.El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /etc/networks -compact
-.\" $OpenBSD: tail.1,v 1.8 2000/01/22 02:17:49 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: tail.1,v 1.9 2000/03/11 21:40:04 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: tail.1,v 1.4 1994/11/23 07:42:13 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1991, 1993
.Pp
The display begins at a byte, line or 512-byte block location in the
input.
-Numbers having a leading plus (``+'') sign are relative to the beginning
-of the input, for example,
-.Dq -c +2
+Numbers having a leading plus
+.Pq Ql +
+sign are relative to the beginning of the input, for example,
+.Ic -c +2
starts the display at the second
byte of the input.
-Numbers having a leading minus (``-'') sign or no explicit sign are
+Numbers having a leading minus
+.Pq Ql -
+sign or no explicit sign are
relative to the end of the input, for example,
-.Dq -n 2
+.Ic -n 2
displays the last two lines of the input.
The default starting location is
-.Dq -n 10 ,
+.Ic -n 10 ,
or the last 10 lines of the input.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
option causes
.Nm
to not stop when end-of-file is reached, but rather to wait for additional
-data to be appended to the input. If the file is replaced (i.e., the
-inode number changes),
+data to be appended to the input.
+If the file is replaced (i.e., the inode number changes),
.Nm
-will reopen the file and continue. If the file is truncated,
+will reopen the file and continue.
+If the file is truncated,
.Nm
-will reset its position back to the beginning. This makes
+will reset its position back to the beginning.
+This makes
.Nm
more useful for watching log files that may get rotated.
The
.Fl n
options modify the
.Fl r
-option, i.e. ``-r -c 4'' displays the last 4 characters of the last line
-of the input, while the historic tail (using the historic syntax ``-4cr'')
+option, i.e.,
+.Ic -r -c 4
+displays the last 4 characters of the last line
+of the input, while the historic tail (using the historic syntax
+.Ic -4cr )
would ignore the
.Fl c
option and display the last 4 lines of the input.
-.\" $OpenBSD: talk.1,v 1.9 2000/03/06 03:17:40 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: talk.1,v 1.10 2000/03/11 21:40:04 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: talk.1,v 1.3 1994/12/09 02:14:23 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1990, 1993
.Ar person
.Op Ar ttyname
.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Nm talk
+.Nm
is a visual communication program which copies lines from your
terminal to that of another user.
.Pp
.It Ar person
If you wish to talk to someone on your own machine, then
.Ar person
-is just the person's login name. If you wish to talk to a user on
-another host, then
+is just the person's login name.
+If you wish to talk to a user on another host, then
.Ar person
is of the form
.Ql user@host .
.El
.Pp
When first called,
-.Nm talk
+.Nm
sends the message
+.Pp
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
Message from Talk_Daemon@localhost...
talk: connection requested by your_name@your_machine.
.Dl talk \ your_name@your_machine
.Pp
It doesn't matter from which machine the recipient replies, as
-long as the login name is the same. If the machine is not the one to which
+long as the login name is the same.
+If the machine is not the one to which
the talk request was sent, it is noted on the screen.
Once communication is established,
the two parties may type simultaneously, with their output appearing
-in separate windows. Typing control-L
-.Ql ^L
+in separate windows.
+Typing control-L
+.Pq Ql ^L
will cause the screen to
be reprinted, while your erase, kill, and word kill characters will
-behave normally. To exit, just type your interrupt character;
-.Nm talk
+behave normally.
+To exit, just type your interrupt character;
+.Nm
then moves the cursor to the bottom of the screen and restores the
terminal to its previous state.
.Pp
Permission to talk may be denied or granted by use of the
.Xr mesg 1
-command. At the outset talking is allowed. Certain commands, in
-particular
+command.
+At the outset talking is allowed.
+Certain commands, in particular
.Xr nroff 1
and
.Xr pr 1 ,
-.\" $OpenBSD: tcopy.1,v 1.6 1999/10/17 20:24:35 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: tcopy.1,v 1.7 2000/03/11 21:40:04 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: tcopy.1,v 1.4 1997/04/15 07:23:07 lukem Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1991, 1993
.Oo Ar src Op Ar dest
.Oc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Nm tcopy
-is designed to copy magnetic tapes. The only assumption made
+.Nm
+is designed to copy magnetic tapes.
+The only assumption made
about the tape is that there are two tape marks at the end.
-.Nm tcopy
+.Nm
with only a source tape
.Pf ( Ar /dev/rst0
by default) specified will print
-information about the sizes of records and tape files. If a destination
-is specified a copy will be made of the source tape. The blocking on the
-destination tape will be identical to that used on the source tape. Copying
-a tape will yield the same output as if just printing the sizes.
+information about the sizes of records and tape files.
+If a destination
+is specified a copy will be made of the source tape.
+The blocking on the
+destination tape will be identical to that used on the source tape.
+Copying a tape will yield the same output as if just printing the sizes.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width s_maxblk
-.\" $OpenBSD: telnet.1,v 1.21 2000/03/04 22:19:26 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: telnet.1,v 1.22 2000/03/11 21:40:04 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: telnet.1,v 1.5 1996/02/28 21:04:12 thorpej Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1990, 1993
.Oc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
command
is used to communicate with another host using the
.Tn TELNET
protocol.
If
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
is invoked without the
.Ar host
argument, it enters command mode,
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl 8
-Specifies an 8-bit data path. This causes an attempt to
-negotiate the
+Specifies an 8-bit data path.
+This causes an attempt to negotiate the
.Dv TELNET BINARY
option on both input and output.
.It Fl E
.It Fl K
Specifies no automatic login to the remote system.
.It Fl L
-Specifies an 8-bit data path on output. This causes the
-BINARY option to be negotiated on output.
+Specifies an 8-bit data path on output.
+This causes the BINARY option to be negotiated on output.
.It Fl S Ar tos
Sets the IP type-of-service (TOS) option for the telnet
connection to the value
.It Fl c
Disables the reading of the user's
.Pa \&.telnetrc
-file. (See the
+file.
+(See the
.Ic toggle skiprc
command on this man page.)
.It Fl d
If Kerberos authentication is being used, the
.Fl k
option requests that
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
obtain tickets for the remote host in
realm
.Ar realm
Indicates the official name, an alias, or the Internet address
of a remote host.
.It Ar port
-Indicates a port number (address of an application). If a number is
-not specified, the default
-.Nm telnet
+Indicates a port number (address of an application).
+If a number is not specified, the default
+.Nm
port is used.
.El
.Pp
-When in rlogin mode, a line of the form ~. disconnects from the
+When in rlogin mode, a line of the form ~.
+disconnects from the
remote host; ~ is the telnet escape character.
Similarly, the line ~^Z suspends the telnet session.
The line ~^] escapes to the normal telnet escape prompt.
.Pp
Once a connection has been opened,
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
will attempt to enable the
.Dv TELNET LINEMODE
option.
If this fails,
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
will revert to one of two input modes:
either ``character at a time''
or ``old line by line''
When
.Dv LINEMODE
is enabled, character processing is done on the
-local system, under the control of the remote system. When input
+local system, under the control of the remote system.
+When input
editing or character echoing is to be disabled, the remote system
-will relay that information. The remote system will also relay
+will relay that information.
+The remote system will also relay
changes to any special characters that happen on the remote
system, so that they can take effect on the local system.
.Pp
(in the case of
.Ic quit
and
-.Ic intr ) .
+.Ic intr ) .
.Pp
While connected to a remote host,
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
command mode may be entered by typing the
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
``escape character'' (initially ``^]'').
When in command mode, the normal terminal editing conventions are available.
Note that the escape character will return to the command mode of the initial
invocation of
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
that has the controlling terminal. Use the
.Cm send escape
command to switch to command mode in subsequent
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
processes on remote hosts.
.Pp
The following
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
commands are available.
Only enough of each command to uniquely identify it need be typed
(this is also true for arguments to the
.Ic auth
command manipulates the information sent through the
.Dv TELNET AUTHENTICATE
-option. Valid arguments for the
-auth command are as follows:
+option.
+Valid arguments for the
+.Ic auth
+command are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width "disable type"
.It Ic disable Ar type
Disables the specified
.Ar type
-of authentication. To
-obtain a list of available types, use the
+of authentication.
+To obtain a list of available types, use the
.Ic auth disable \&?
command.
.It Ic enable Ar type
Enables the specified
.Ar type
-of authentication. To
-obtain a list of available types, use the
+of authentication.
+To obtain a list of available types, use the
.Ic auth enable \&?
command.
.It Ic status
.It Ic disable Ar type Ic [input|output]
Disables the specified
.Ar type
-of encryption. If you
-omit
+of encryption.
+If you omit
.Ic input
and
.Ic output ,
both input and output
-are disabled. To obtain a list of available
-types, use the
+are disabled.
+To obtain a list of available types, use the
.Ic encrypt disable \&?
command.
.It Ic enable Ar type Ic [input|output]
Enables the specified
.Ar type
-of encryption. If you
-omit
+of encryption.
+If you omit
.Ic input
and
.Ic output ,
both input and output are
-enabled. To obtain a list of available types, use the
+enabled.
+To obtain a list of available types, use the
.Ic encrypt enable \&?
command.
.It Ic input
.Ic encrypt stop output
command.
.It Ic start Ic [input|output]
-Attempts to start encryption. If you omit
+Attempts to start encryption.
+If you omit
.Ic input
and
.Ic output,
-both input and output are enabled. To
-obtain a list of available types, use the
+both input and output are enabled.
+To obtain a list of available types, use the
.Ic encrypt enable \&?
command.
.It Ic status
Lists the current status of encryption.
.It Ic stop Ic [input|output]
-Stops encryption. If you omit
+Stops encryption.
+If you omit
.Ic input
and
.Ic output ,
Open a connection to the named host.
If no port number
is specified,
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
will attempt to contact a
.Tn TELNET
server at the default port.
.Ev ENVIRON
option.
When connecting to a non-standard port,
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
omits any automatic initiation of
.Tn TELNET
-options. When the port number is preceded by a minus sign,
+options.
+When the port number is preceded by a minus sign,
the initial option negotiation is done.
After establishing a connection, the file
.Pa \&.telnetrc
in the
-user's home directory is opened. Lines beginning with a ``#'' are
-comment lines. Blank lines are ignored. Lines that begin
-without whitespace are the start of a machine entry. The
-first thing on the line is the name of the machine that is
-being connected to. The rest of the line, and successive
+user's home directory is opened.
+Lines beginning with a ``#'' are
+comment lines.
+Blank lines are ignored.
+Lines that begin
+without whitespace are the start of a machine entry.
+The first thing on the line is the name of the machine that is
+being connected to.
+The rest of the line, and successive
lines that begin with whitespace are assumed to be
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
commands and are processed as if they had been typed
in manually to the
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
command prompt.
.It Ic quit
Close any open
sequence.
.It Ic escape
Sends the current
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
escape character (initially ``^]'').
.It Ic ga
Sends the
The
.Ic set
command will set any one of a number of
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
variables to a specific value or to
.Dv TRUE .
The special value
.Ic display
command.
The variables which may be set or unset, but not toggled, are
-listed here. In addition, any of the variables for the
+listed here.
+In addition, any of the variables for the
.Ic toggle
command may be explicitly set or unset using
the
sequence (see
.Ic send ayt
preceding) is sent to the
-remote host. The initial value for the "Are You There"
+remote host.
+The initial value for the "Are You There"
character is the terminal's status character.
.It Ic echo
This is the value (initially ``^E'') which, when in
echoing of entered characters (for entering, say, a password).
.It Ic eof
If
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
is operating in
.Dv LINEMODE
or ``old line by line'' mode, entering this character
character.
.It Ic erase
If
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
is in
.Ic localchars
mode (see
.Ic localchars
below),
and if
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
is operating in ``character at a time'' mode, then when this
character is typed, a
.Dv TELNET EC
character.
.It Ic escape
This is the
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
escape character (initially ``^['') which causes entry
into
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
command mode (when connected to a remote system).
.It Ic flushoutput
If
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
is in
.Ic localchars
mode (see
.Dv LINEMODE ,
these are the
characters that, when typed, cause partial lines to be
-forwarded to the remote system. The initial value for
+forwarded to the remote system.
+The initial value for
the forwarding characters are taken from the terminal's
eol and eol2 characters.
.It Ic interrupt
If
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
is in
.Ic localchars
mode (see
character.
.It Ic kill
If
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
is in
.Ic localchars
mode (see
.Ic localchars
below),
and if
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
is operating in ``character at a time'' mode, then when this
character is typed, a
.Dv TELNET EL
character.
.It Ic lnext
If
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
is operating in
.Dv LINEMODE
or ``old line by line'' mode, then this character is taken to
character.
.It Ic quit
If
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
is in
.Ic localchars
mode (see
character.
.It Ic reprint
If
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
is operating in
.Dv LINEMODE
or old line by line'' mode, then this character is taken to
This character, at the beginning of a line, followed by
a "." closes the connection; when followed by a ^Z it
suspends the
-.Nm telnet
-command. The initial state is to
+.Nm
+command.
+The initial state is to
disable the
.Ic rlogin
escape character.
character.
.It Ic susp
If
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
is in
.Ic localchars
mode, or
.Ic option
tracing being
.Dv TRUE ,
-will be written. If it is set to
+will be written.
+If it is set to
.Dq Fl ,
then tracing information will be written to standard output (the default).
.It Ic worderase
If
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
is operating in
.Dv LINEMODE
or ``old line by line'' mode, then this character is taken to
characters when the
.Dv TELNET LINEMODE
option has
-been enabled. Special characters are characters that get
-mapped to
+been enabled.
+Special characters are characters that get mapped to
.Tn TELNET
commands sequences (like
.Ic ip
or
-.Ic quit )
+.Ic quit )
or line editing characters (like
.Ic erase
and
-.Ic kill ) .
+.Ic kill ) .
By default, the local special characters are exported.
.Bl -tag -width Fl
.It Ic check
character settings, and if there are any discrepancies with
the local side, the local side will switch to the remote value.
.It Ic export
-Switch to the local defaults for the special characters. The
-local default characters are those of the local terminal at
+Switch to the local defaults for the special characters.
+The local default characters are those of the local terminal at
the time when
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
was started.
.It Ic import
Switch to the remote defaults for the special characters.
and
.Dv FALSE )
various flags that control how
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
responds to events.
These flags may be set explicitly to
.Dv TRUE
sequences; see
.Ic set
above for details),
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
refuses to display any data on the user's terminal
until the remote system acknowledges (via a
.Dv TELNET TIMING MARK
done an "stty noflsh", otherwise
.Dv FALSE
(see
-.Xr stty 1 ) .
+.Xr stty 1 ) .
.It Ic autodecrypt
When the
.Dv TELNET ENCRYPT
option is negotiated, by
default the actual encryption (decryption) of the data
-stream does not start automatically. The
+stream does not start automatically.
+The
.Ic autoencrypt
.Pq Ic autodecrypt
command states that encryption of the
.Dv TELNET AUTHENTICATION
option
.Tn TELNET
-attempts to use it to perform automatic authentication. If the
+attempts to use it to perform automatic authentication.
+If the
.Dv AUTHENTICATION
option is not supported, the user's login
name are propagated through the
.Ic brk ,
.Ic ec ,
and
-.Ic el ;
+.Ic el ;
see
.Ic send
above).
.Dv FALSE .
.It Ic options
Toggles the display of some internal
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
protocol processing (having to do with
.Tn TELNET
options).
skips the reading of the
.Pa \&.telnetrc
file in the user's home
-directory when connections are opened. The initial
-value for this toggle is
+directory when connections are opened.
+The initial value for this toggle is
.Dv FALSE .
.It Ic termdata
Toggles the display of all terminal data (in hexadecimal format).
.Ic verbose_encrypt
toggle is
.Dv TRUE ,
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
prints out a message each time encryption is enabled or
-disabled. The initial value for this toggle is
+disabled.
+The initial value for this toggle is
.Dv FALSE .
.It Ic \&?
Displays the legal
.Xr csh 1 .
.It Ic \&! Op Ar command
Execute a single command in a subshell on the local
-system. If
+system.
+If
.Ar command
is omitted, then an interactive
subshell is invoked.
.It Ic \&? Op Ar command
-Get help. With no arguments,
-.Nm telnet
+Get help.
+With no arguments,
+.Nm
prints a help summary.
If a command is specified,
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
will print the help information for just that command.
.El
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
uses at least the
.Ev HOME ,
.Ev SHELL ,
.El
.Sh HISTORY
The
-.Nm telnet
+.Nm
command appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .
.Sh NOTES
-.\" $OpenBSD: tftp.1,v 1.5 2000/03/06 03:17:40 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: tftp.1,v 1.6 2000/03/11 21:40:04 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: tftp.1,v 1.5 1995/08/18 14:45:44 pk Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994
.Nm tftp
.Op Ar host
.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Nm tftp
+.Nm
is the user interface to the Internet
.Tn TFTP
(Trivial File Transfer Protocol),
The remote
.Ar host
may be specified on the command line, in which case
-.Nm tftp
+.Nm
uses
.Ar host
as the default host for future transfers (see the
command below).
.Sh COMMANDS
Once
-.Nm tftp
+.Nm
is running, it issues the prompt
.Ql tftp>
and recognizes the following commands:
the
.Tn TFTP
protocol, the remote site will probably have some
-sort of file access restrictions in place. The
-exact methods are specific to each site and therefore
+sort of file access restrictions in place.
+The exact methods are specific to each site and therefore
difficult to document here.
-.\" $OpenBSD: time.1,v 1.9 2000/03/06 03:16:00 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: time.1,v 1.10 2000/03/11 21:40:04 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: time.1,v 1.5 1994/12/08 09:36:57 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
to
.Xr csh
users.
-.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
+.Pp
The
.Nm
utility shall exit with one of the following values:
-.Bl -tag -width indent
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
.It 1\-125
An error occurred in the
.Nm
-.\" $OpenBSD: tip.1,v 1.6 1999/06/05 01:21:43 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: tip.1,v 1.7 2000/03/11 21:40:05 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: tip.1,v 1.7 1994/12/08 09:31:05 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
.\" .Op Fl l Ar line
.\" .Op Fl #
.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Nm tip
+.Nm
.\" and
.\" .Nm cu
establishes a full-duplex connection to another machine,
giving the appearance of being logged in directly on the
-remote CPU. It goes without saying that you must have a login
+remote CPU.
+It goes without saying that you must have a login
on the machine (or equivalent) to which you wish to connect.
.\" The preferred interface is
.\" .Nm tip .
.El
.Pp
Typed characters are normally transmitted directly to the remote
-machine (which does the echoing as well). A tilde
+machine (which does the echoing as well).
+A tilde
.Pq Ql ~
appearing
as the first character of a line is an escape signal; the following
.Nm tip Ns ).
.It Ic \&~>
Copy file from local to remote.
-.Nm tip
+.Nm
prompts for the name of a local file to transmit.
.It Ic \&~<
Copy file from remote to local.
-.Nm tip
+.Nm
prompts first for the name of the file to be sent, then for
a command to be executed on the remote machine.
.It Ic \&~p Ar from Op Ar to
Send a file to a remote
.Ux
-host. The put command causes the remote
+host.
+The put command causes the remote
.Ux
system to run the command string
.Dq cat > 'to' ,
while
-.Nm tip
+.Nm
sends it the
.Dq from
-file. If the
+file.
+If the
.Dq to
file isn't specified the
.Dq from
system is processed by the shell.
.It Ic \&~C
Fork a child process on the local system to perform special protocols
-such as \s-1XMODEM\s+1. The child program will be run with the following
+such as \s-1XMODEM\s+1.
+The child program will be run with the following
somewhat unusual arrangement of file descriptors:
.nf
.in +1i
system and to find out how it should operate while talking
to the system;
refer to
-.Xr remote 5
+.Xr remote 5
for a full description.
Each system has a default baud rate with which to
-establish a connection. If this value is not suitable, the baud rate
-to be used may be specified on the command line, e.g.
+establish a connection.
+If this value is not suitable, the baud rate
+to be used may be specified on the command line, e.g.,
.Ql "tip -300 mds" .
.Pp
When
.Pp
When
.Nm
-prompts for an argument (e.g. during setup of
+prompts for an argument (e.g., during setup of
a file transfer) the line typed may be edited with the standard
-erase and kill characters. A null line in response to a prompt,
+erase and kill characters.
+A null line in response to a prompt,
or an interrupt, will abort the dialogue and return you to the
remote machine.
.Pp
and
.Dq eofwrite
variables are used to recognize end-of-file when reading, and
-specify end-of-file when writing (see below). File transfers
-normally depend on tandem mode for flow control. If the remote
-system does not support tandem mode,
+specify end-of-file when writing (see below).
+File transfers normally depend on tandem mode for flow control.
+If the remote system does not support tandem mode,
.Dq echocheck
may be set to indicate
.Nm
maintains a set of variables
which control its operation.
Some of these variables are read-only to normal users (root is allowed
-to change anything of interest). Variables may be displayed
-and set through the
+to change anything of interest).
+Variables may be displayed and set through the
.Sq s
-escape. The syntax for variables is patterned after
+escape.
+The syntax for variables is patterned after
.Xr vi 1
and
.Xr Mail 1 .
Supplying
.Dq all
as an argument to the set command displays all variables readable by
-the user. Alternatively, the user may request display of a particular
+the user.
+Alternatively, the user may request display of a particular
variable by attaching a
.Ql ?
-to the end. For example
+to the end.
+For example,
.Dq escape?
displays the current escape character.
.Pp
-Variables are numeric, string, character, or boolean values. Boolean
+Variables are numeric, string, character, or boolean values.
+Boolean
variables are set merely by specifying their name; they may be reset
by prepending a
.Ql !
-to the name. Other variable types are set by
-concatenating an
+to the name.
+Other variable types are set by concatenating an
.Ql =
-and the value. The entire assignment must not
-have any blanks in it. A single set command may be used to interrogate
+and the value.
+The entire assignment must not have any blanks in it.
+A single set command may be used to interrogate
as well as set a number of variables.
Variables may be initialized at run time by placing set commands
(without the
.Ql ~s
prefix in a file
.Pa .tiprc
-in one's home directory). The
+in one's home directory).
+The
.Fl v
option causes
.Nm
.It Ar exceptions
(str) The set of characters which should not be discarded
due to the beautification switch; abbreviated
-.Ar ex ;
+.Ar ex ;
default value is
.Dq \et\en\ef\eb .
.It Ar force
(char) The character used to force literal data transmission;
abbreviated
-.Ar fo ;
+.Ar fo ;
default value is
.Ql ^P .
.It Ar framesize
.Ar pr ;
default value is
.Ql \en .
-This value is used to synchronize during
-data transfers. The count of lines transferred during a file transfer
+This value is used to synchronize during data transfers.
+The count of lines transferred during a file transfer
command is based on receipt of this character.
.It Ar raise
(bool) Upper case mapping mode; abbreviated
.Dq tip.record .
.It Ar script
(bool) Session scripting mode; abbreviated
-.Ar sc ;
+.Ar sc ;
default is
.Ar off .
When
switch is on, only printable
.Tn ASCII
characters will be included in
-the script file (those characters between 040 and 0177). The
-variable
+the script file (those characters between 040 and 0177).
+The variable
.Ar exceptions
is used to indicate characters which are an exception to the normal
beautification rules.
.It Ar tabexpand
(bool) Expand tabs to spaces during file transfers; abbreviated
-.Ar tab ;
+.Ar tab ;
default value is
.Ar false .
Each tab is expanded to 8 spaces.
.It Ar verbose
(bool) Verbose mode; abbreviated
-.Ar verb ;
+.Ar verb ;
default is
.Ar true .
When verbose mode is enabled,
and more.
.El
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
-.Nm
-uses the following environment variables:
+The following environment variables affect the execution of
+.Nm tip :
.Bl -tag -width Fl
.It Ev SHELL
(str) The name of the shell to use for the
lock file to avoid conflicts with
.Xr uucp
.El
-.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
-Diagnostics are, hopefully, self-explanatory.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr phones 5 ,
.Xr remote 5
-.\" $OpenBSD: tn3270.1,v 1.7 2000/03/05 00:28:58 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: tn3270.1,v 1.8 2000/03/11 21:40:05 aaron Exp $
+.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1986, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
is actually a modification of the Arpanet
.Tn TELNET
user interface (see
-.Xr telnet 1 )
+.Xr telnet 1 )
which will, in certain circumstances, interpret and generate
raw 3270 control streams.
.Pp
.Tn IBM
machine.
.It Ar sysname
-The name of the remote system. If the remote name
-is NOT specified, the user will be prompted for a
-command (see below).
+The name of the remote system.
+If the remote name is
+.Em not
+specified, the user will be prompted for a command (see below).
.It Ar port
The port to connect to on the remote system.
Normally,
defined in the
.Ev TERM
environment variable; see
-.Xr termcap 5 ) .
+.Xr termcap 5 ) .
The terminal (or window in which
.Nm tn3270
is running, on multiple
in a description file,
.Pa /usr/share/misc/map3270 ,
(see
-.Xr map3270 5 )
+.Xr map3270 5 )
or in an environment variable
.Ev MAP3270
(and, if necessary,
-.Ev MAP3270A ,
+.Ev MAP3270A ,
.Ev MAP3270B ,
and so on - see
-.Xr mset 1 ) .
+.Xr mset 1 ) .
Any special function keys on the
.Tn ASCII
keyboard are used whenever possible.
.Nm tn3270
uses a default keyboard mapping
(see
-.Xr map3270 5 ) .
+.Xr map3270 5 ) .
.Pp
The first character of each special keyboard mapping sequence
is either an
.Nm tn3270
accepts and executes
all the commands of
-.Xr telnet 1 ,
+.Xr telnet 1 ,
plus one additional command:
.Bl -tag -width Ar
.It Ic transcom
.Nm tn3270
has succeeded in negotiating 3270 mode with the remote host, the
escape sequence will be as defined by the map3270 (see
-.Xr map3270 5 )
+.Xr map3270 5 )
entry for the user's terminal type
(typically control-C);
otherwise the escape sequence will initially be set to the
key)
in response to the command prompt.
A session may be terminated by logging off the foreign host,
-or by typing ``quit'' or ``close'' while in local command mode.
+or by typing
+.Ic quit
+or
+.Ic close
+while in local command mode.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /usr/share/misc/termcap -compact
.It Pa /usr/share/misc/termcap
-.\" $OpenBSD: top.1,v 1.12 1999/10/17 20:24:36 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: top.1,v 1.13 2000/03/11 21:40:05 aaron Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1997, Jason Downs. All rights reserved.
.\"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
displays the top processes on the system and periodically updates this
-information. If standard output is an intelligent terminal (see below) then
+information.
+If standard output is an intelligent terminal (see below) then
as many processes as will fit on the terminal screen are displayed
-by default. Otherwise, a good number of them are shown (around 20).
-Raw CPU percentage is used to rank the processes. If
+by default.
+Otherwise, a good number of them are shown (around 20).
+Raw CPU percentage is used to rank the processes.
+If
.Ar number
is given, then the top
.Ar number
.Pp
.Nm
makes a distinction between terminals that support advanced capabilities
-and those that do not. This
-distinction affects the choice of defaults for certain options. In the
-remainder of this document, an
+and those that do not.
+This distinction affects the choice of defaults for certain options.
+In the remainder of this document, an
.Em intelligent
terminal is one that supports cursor addressing, clear screen, and clear
-to end of line. Conversely, a
-.Em dumb
-terminal is one that does not support such features. If the output of
+to end of line.
+Conversely, a
+.Dq dumb
+terminal is one that does not support such features.
+If the output of
.Nm
is redirected to a file, it acts as if it were being run on a dumb
terminal.
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width XxXXXXXXXXX
.It Fl S
-Show system processes in the display. Normally, system processes such as
-the pager and the swapper are not shown. This option makes them visible.
+Show system processes in the display.
+Normally, system processes such as the pager and the swapper are not shown.
+This option makes them visible.
.It Fl b
Use
.Em batch
-mode. In this mode, all input from the terminal is
-ignored. Interrupt characters (such as ^C and ^\e) still have an effect.
+mode.
+In this mode, all input from the terminal is ignored.
+Interrupt characters (such as
+.Ql ^C
+and
+.Ql ^\e )
+still have an effect.
This is the default on a dumb terminal, or when the output is not a terminal.
.It Fl i
Use
.Em interactive
-mode. In this mode, any input is immediately read for processing. See the
-section on
+mode.
+In this mode, any input is immediately read for processing.
+See the section on
.Sx INTERACTIVE MODE
-for an explanation of which keys perform what functions. After the command
+for an explanation of which keys perform what functions.
+After the command
is processed, the screen will immediately be updated, even if the command was
-not understood. This mode is the default when standard output is an
-intelligent terminal.
+not understood.
+This mode is the default when standard output is an intelligent terminal.
.It Fl I
Do not display idle processes.
By default, top displays both active and idle processes.
.It Fl n
Use
.Em non-interactive
-mode. This is identical to
+mode.
+This is identical to
.Em batch
mode.
.It Fl q
Renice
.Nm
-to -20 so that it will run faster. This can be used when the system is
+to -20 so that it will run faster.
+This can be used when the system is
being very sluggish to improve the possibility of discovering the problem.
This option can only be used by root.
.It Fl u
-Do not take the time to map UID numbers to usernames. Normally,
+Do not take the time to map UID numbers to usernames.
+Normally,
.Nm
will read as much of the password database as is necessary to map
-all the user ID numbers it encounters into login names. This option
-disables all that, while possibly decreasing execution time. The UID
-numbers are displayed instead of the names.
+all the user ID numbers it encounters into login names.
+This option
+disables all that, while possibly decreasing execution time.
+The UID numbers are displayed instead of the names.
.It Fl d Ar count
Show only
.Ar count
-displays, then exit. A display is considered to be one update of the
-screen. This option allows the user to select the number of displays
+displays, then exit.
+A display is considered to be one update of the screen.
+This option allows the user to select the number of displays
to be shown before
.Nm
-automatically exits. For intelligent terminals, no upper limit
-is set. The default is 1 for dumb terminals.
+automatically exits.
+For intelligent terminals, no upper limit is set.
+The default is 1 for dumb terminals.
.It Fl s Ar time
Set the delay between screen updates to
.Ar time
-seconds. The default delay between updates is 5 seconds.
+seconds.
+The default delay between updates is 5 seconds.
.It Fl o Ar field
-Sort the process display area using the specified field as the primary
-key. The field name is the name of the column as seen in the output,
-but in lower case. The
+Sort the process display area using the specified field as the primary key.
+The field name is the name of the column as seen in the output,
+but in lower case.
+The
.Ox
version of top supports
.Ar cpu ,
.Ar number
fields can be specified as
.Li infinite ,
-indicating that they can stretch as far as possible. This is accomplished
-by using any proper prefix of the keywords
+indicating that they can stretch as far as possible.
+This is accomplished by using any proper prefix of the keywords
.Li infinity ,
.Li maximum ,
or
.Pp
The environment variable
.Ev TOP
-is examined for options before the command line is scanned. This enables
-a user to set his or her own defaults. The number of processes to display
+is examined for options before the command line is scanned.
+This enables a user to set his or her own defaults.
+The number of processes to display
can also be specified in the environment variable
.Ev TOP .
.Pp
.Fl S ,
and
.Fl u
-are actually toggles. A second specification of any of these options
-will negate the first. Thus a user who has the environment variable
+are actually toggles.
+A second specification of any of these options
+will negate the first.
+Thus a user who has the environment variable
.Ev TOP
set to
.Dq -I
.Nm
is running in
.Em interactive mode ,
-it reads commands from the terminal and acts upon them accordingly. In this
-mode, the terminal is put in
+it reads commands from the terminal and acts upon them accordingly.
+In this mode, the terminal is put in
.Dv CBREAK ,
-so that a character will be processed as soon as it is typed. Almost always,
-a key will be pressed when
+so that a character will be processed as soon as it is typed.
+Almost always, a key will be pressed when
.Nm
is between displays; that is, while it is waiting for
.Ar time
-seconds to elapse. If this is the case, the command will be
+seconds to elapse.
+If this is the case, the command will be
processed and the display will be updated immediately thereafter
-(reflecting any changes that the command may have specified). This
-happens even if the command was incorrect. If a key is pressed while
+(reflecting any changes that the command may have specified).
+This happens even if the command was incorrect.
+If a key is pressed while
.Nm
is in the middle of updating the display, it will finish the update and
-then process the command. Some commands require additional information,
-and the user will be prompted accordingly. While typing this information
+then process the command.
+Some commands require additional information,
+and the user will be prompted accordingly.
+While typing this information
in, the user's erase and kill keys (as set up by the command
.Xr stty 1 )
are recognized, and a newline terminates the input.
.It k
Send a signal
.Ns ( Dv TERM
-by default) to a list of processes. This acts similarly to the command
+by default) to a list of processes.
+This acts similarly to the command
.Xr kill 1 .
.It r
Change the priority (the
.Em nice )
-of a list of processes. This acts similarly to the command
+of a list of processes.
+This acts similarly to the command
.Xr renice 8 .
.It u
Display only processes owned by a specific username (prompt for username).
It also includes information about physial and virtual memory allocation.
.Pp
The remainder of the screen displays information about individual
-processes. This display is similar in spirit to
+processes.
+This display is similar in spirit to
.Xr ps 1
-but it is not exactly the same. PID is the process ID, USERNAME is the name
+but it is not exactly the same.
+PID is the process ID, USERNAME is the name
of the process's owner (if
.Fl u
is specified, a UID column will be substituted for USERNAME),
.Em ABANDONED
state (known in the kernel as
.Em SWAIT Ns )
-was abandoned, thus the name. A process should never end up in this state.
+was abandoned, thus the name.
+A process should never end up in this state.
.Sh AUTHOR
William LeFebvre, EECS Department, Northwestern University
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
physical memory
.It Pa /bsd
kernel image
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr kill 1 ,
+.Xr ps 1 ,
+.Xr stty 1 ,
+.Xr systat 1 ,
+.Xr mem 4 ,
+.Xr renice 8
.Sh BUGS
Don't shoot me, but the default for
.Fl I
-has changed once again. So many people were confused by the fact that
+has changed once again.
+So many people were confused by the fact that
.Nm
wasn't showing them all the processes that I have decided to make the
default behavior show idle processes, just like it did in version 2.
.Ev TOP
(see the
.Sx OPTIONS
-section). Those who want the behavior that version 3.0 had need only set
+section).
+Those who want the behavior that version 3.0 had need only set
the environment variable
.Ev TOP
to
.Xr ps 1 ,
things can change while
.Nm
-is collecting information for an update. The picture it gives is only a
+is collecting information for an update.
+The picture it gives is only a
close approximation to reality.
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr kill 1 ,
-.Xr ps 1 ,
-.Xr stty 1 ,
-.Xr systat 1 ,
-.Xr mem 4 ,
-.Xr renice 8
-.\" $OpenBSD: touch.1,v 1.4 2000/03/05 00:28:55 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: touch.1,v 1.5 2000/03/11 21:40:05 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: touch.1,v 1.8 1995/08/31 22:10:05 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
.Ar file Op Ar ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
-.Nm touch
+.Nm
utility sets the modification and access times of files to the
current time of day.
If the file doesn't exist, it is created with default permissions.
.It Fl c
Do not create the file if it does not exist.
The
-.Nm touch
+.Nm
utility does not treat this as an error.
No error messages are displayed and the exit value is not affected.
.It Fl f
.El
.Pp
The
-.Nm touch
+.Nm
utility exits 0 on success or >0 if an error occurred.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr utimes 2
.Dq YY
letter pair is in the range 69 to 99, the year is set to 1969 to 1999,
otherwise, the year is set in the 21st century.
-.Sh HISTORY
-A
-.Nm touch
-utility appeared in
.At v7 .
.Sh STANDARDS
The
-.Nm touch
+.Nm
utility is expected to be a superset of the
.St -p1003.2
specification.
+.Sh HISTORY
+A
+.Nm
+utility appeared in
-.\" $OpenBSD: tput.1,v 1.9 2000/03/06 03:17:40 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: tput.1,v 1.10 2000/03/11 21:40:05 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: tput.1,v 1.4 1994/12/07 08:49:10 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993
is of type boolean,
.Nm
exits 0 if the terminal has the capability or 1 if it
-does not. Each
+does not.
+Each
.Ar attribute
should be a string defined in either
.Xr terminfo 5
-.\" $OpenBSD: tr.1,v 1.5 2000/03/05 00:28:55 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: tr.1,v 1.6 2000/03/11 21:40:05 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: tr.1,v 1.5 1994/12/07 08:35:13 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
.Ar string1 string2
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
-.Nm tr
+.Nm
utility copies the standard input to the standard output with substitution
or deletion of selected characters.
.Pp
.It \echaracter
A backslash followed by certain special characters maps to special
values.
-.sp
+.Pp
.Bl -column
.It \ea <alert character>
.It \eb <backspace>
.It \et <tab>
.It \ev <vertical tab>
.El
-.sp
+.Pp
A backslash followed by any other character maps to that character.
.It c-c
Represents the range of characters between the range endpoints, inclusively.
.It [:class:]
Represents all characters belonging to the defined character class.
Class names are:
-.sp
+.Pp
.Bl -column
.It alnum <alphanumeric characters>
.It alpha <alphabetic characters>
.El
.Pp
The
-.Nm tr
+.Nm
utility exits 0 on success or >0 if an error occurred.
.Sh EXAMPLES
The following examples are shown as given to the shell:
-.sp
+.Pp
Create a list of the words in file1, one per line, where a word is taken to
be a maximal string of letters.
-.sp
+.Pp
.D1 Li "tr -cs \*q[:alpha:]\*q \*q\en\*q < file1"
-.sp
+.Pp
Translate the contents of file1 to upper-case.
-.sp
+.Pp
.D1 Li "tr \*q[:lower:]\*q \*q[:upper:]\*q < file1"
-.sp
+.Pp
Strip out non-printable characters from file1.
-.sp
+.Pp
.D1 Li "tr -cd \*q[:print:]\*q < file1"
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr sed 1
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
System V has historically implemented character ranges using the syntax
.Dq [c-c]
used by historic BSD implementations and
standardized by POSIX.
System V shell scripts should work under this implementation as long as
-the range is intended to map in another range, i.e. the command
+the range is intended to map in another range, i.e., the command
.Dq tr\ [a-z]\ [A-Z]
will work as it will map the
.Dq [
.Dq a\e-z .
.Pp
The
-.Nm tr
+.Nm
utility has historically not permitted the manipulation of NUL bytes in
its input and, additionally, has stripped NUL's from its input stream.
This implementation has removed this behavior as a bug.
.Pp
The
-.Nm tr
+.Nm
utility has historically been extremely forgiving of syntax errors:
for example, the
.Fl c
This implementation will not permit illegal syntax.
.Sh STANDARDS
The
-.Nm tr
+.Nm
utility is expected to be
.St -p1003.2
compatible.
-.\" $OpenBSD: true.1,v 1.4 1999/06/05 01:21:44 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: true.1,v 1.5 2000/03/11 21:40:05 aaron Exp $
+.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1985, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
-.\" $OpenBSD: tset.1,v 1.6 1998/11/16 03:08:41 millert Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: tset.1,v 1.7 2000/03/11 21:40:06 aaron Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.Dq unknown .
.El
.Pp
-If the terminal type was not specified on the command-line, the
+If the terminal type was not specified on the command line, the
.Fl m
option mappings are then applied (see below for more information).
-Then, if the terminal type begins with a question mark (``?''), the user is
-prompted for confirmation of the terminal type.
+Then, if the terminal type begins with a question mark
+.Pq Ql ? ,
+the user is prompted for confirmation of the terminal type.
An empty response confirms the type, or, another type can be entered to
specify a new type.
Once the terminal type has been determined, the termcap entry for the terminal
default values before doing the terminal initialization described above.
This is useful after a program dies leaving a terminal in an abnormal state.
Note, you may have to type
-.Dq Li <LF>reset<LF>
+.Dq <LF>reset<LF>
(the line-feed character is normally control-J) to get the terminal
to work, as carriage-return may no longer work in the abnormal state.
Also, the terminal will often not echo the command.
.Bl -tag -width flag
.It Fl
The terminal type is displayed to the standard output, and the terminal is
-not initialized in any way. This option has been deprecated in favor of
-the
+not initialized in any way.
+This option has been deprecated in favor of the
.Fl q
flag.
.It Fl e Ar ch
.Pp
The arguments for the
.Fl e ,
-.Fl i
+.Fl i ,
and
.Fl k
options may either be entered as actual characters or by using the
.Dq hat
-notation, i.e. control-h may be specified as
-.Dq Li ^H
+notation, i.e., control-H may be specified as
+.Dq ^H
or
-.Dq Li ^h .
+.Dq ^h .
.Sh SETTING THE ENVIRONMENT
It is often desirable to enter the terminal type and information about
the terminal's capabilities into the shell's environment.
The argument to the
.Fl m
option consists of an optional port type, an optional operator, an optional
-baud rate specification, an optional colon (``:'') character, and a terminal
-type.
+baud rate specification, an optional colon
+.Pq Ql :
+character, and a terminal type.
The port type is a string (delimited by either the operator or the colon
character).
The operator may be any combination of:
-.Dq Li \&> ,
-.Dq Li \&< ,
-.Dq Li \&@ ,
+.Ql > ,
+.Ql < ,
+.Ql @ ,
and
-.Dq Li \&! ;
-.Dq Li \&>
+.Ql ! ;
+.Ql >
means greater than,
-.Dq Li \&<
+.Ql <
means less than,
-.Dq Li \&@
+.Ql @
means equal to,
and
-.Dq Li \&!
+.Ql !
inverts the sense of the test.
The baud rate is specified as a number and is compared with the speed
of the standard error output (which should be the control terminal).
If more than one mapping is specified, the first applicable mapping is used.
.Pp
For example, consider the following mapping:
-.Dq Li dialup>9600:vt100 .
+.Dq dialup>9600:vt100 .
The port type is
-.Dq Li dialup ,
+.Dq dialup ,
the operator is
-.Dq Li > ,
+.Dq > ,
the baud rate specification is
-.Dq Li 9600 ,
+.Dq 9600 ,
and the terminal type is
-.Dq Li vt100 .
+.Dq vt100 .
The result of this mapping is to specify that if the terminal type is
-.Dq Li dialup ,
+.Dq dialup ,
and the baud rate is greater than 9600 baud, a terminal type of
-.Dq Li vt100
+.Dq vt100
will be used.
.Pp
If no port type is specified, the terminal type will match any port type,
for example,
-.Dq Li -m dialup:vt100 -m :?xterm
+.Dq -m dialup:vt100 -m :?xterm
will cause any dialup port, regardless of baud rate, to match the terminal
type
-.Dq Li vt100 ,
+.Dq vt100 ,
and any non-dialup port type to match the terminal type
-.Dq Li ?xterm .
+.Dq ?xterm .
Note, because of the leading question mark, the user will be
queried on a default port as to whether they are actually using an
.Ar xterm
.Fl m
option argument be placed within single quote characters, and that
.Xr csh 1
-users insert a backslash character (``\e'') before any exclamation
-marks (``!'').
+users insert a backslash character
+.Pq Ql \e
+before any exclamation marks
+.Pq Ql ! .
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
The
.Nm tset
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /usr/share/misc/termcap -compact
.It Pa /etc/ttys
-system port name to terminal type mapping database
+port name to terminal type mapping database
.It Pa /usr/share/misc/termcap
terminal capability database
.El
.Xr termcap 5 ,
.Xr ttys 5 ,
.Xr environ 7
-.Sh HISTORY
-The
-.Nm tset
-command appeared in
-.Bx 3.0 .
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
The
.Nm tset
.Xr termcap 5 .
However, this info is used for setting
.Ev TERMCAP
-only. If the terminal type appears in
+only.
+If the terminal type appears in
.Xr terminfo 5
but not in
.Xr termcap 5 ,
.St -p1003.1-88
compliant terminal interface) and will no longer compile on systems with
older terminal interfaces.
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm tset
+command appeared in
+.Bx 3.0 .
-.\" $OpenBSD: tsort.1,v 1.5 2000/03/04 22:19:27 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: tsort.1,v 1.6 2000/03/11 21:40:06 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: tsort.1,v 1.6 1996/01/17 20:37:49 mycroft Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994
.Op Fl q
.Op Ar file
.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Nm tsort
+.Nm
takes a list of pairs of node names representing directed arcs in
a graph and prints the nodes in topological order on standard output.
Input is taken from the named
Search for and display the longest cycle.
Can take a very long time.
.It Fl q
-Do not display informational messages about cycles. This is primarily
+Do not display informational messages about cycles.
+This is primarily
intended for building libraries, where optimal ordering is not critical,
and cycles occur often.
.El
command appeared in
.At v7 .
This
-.Nm tsort
+.Nm
command and manual page are derived from sources contributed to Berkeley by
Michael Rendell of Memorial University of Newfoundland.
-.\" $OpenBSD: tty.1,v 1.8 2000/03/06 03:16:00 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: tty.1,v 1.9 2000/03/11 21:40:06 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: tty.1,v 1.4 1994/12/07 00:46:55 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
.Op Fl s
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
-.Nm tty
+.Nm
utility writes the name of the terminal attached to standard input
to standard output.
The name that is written is the string returned by
.Xr ttyname 3 .
-If the standard input is not a terminal, the message ``not a tty''
+.Pp
+If the standard input is not a terminal, the message
+.Dq not a tty
is written.
+.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl s
command.
.El
.Pp
-.Nm tty
-exits 0 if the standard input is a terminal, 1 if the standard input is
-not a terminal, or >1 if an error occurred.
+The
+.Nm
+utility exits 0 if the standard input is a terminal, 1 if the standard input
+is not a terminal, or >1 if an error occurred.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr stty 1 ,
.Xr test 1 ,
.Xr tty 4
.Sh STANDARDS
The
-.Nm tty
+.Nm
utility conforms to
.St -p1003.2-92 .
.Sh HISTORY
-.\" $OpenBSD: ul.1,v 1.5 2000/03/05 00:28:55 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: ul.1,v 1.6 2000/03/11 21:40:06 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: ul.1,v 1.3 1994/12/07 00:28:23 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl i
Underlining is indicated by a separate line containing appropriate
-dashes `\-'; this is useful when you want to look at the underlining
+dashes
+.Pq Ql - ;
+this is useful when you want to look at the underlining
which is present in an
.Xr nroff 1
output stream on a crt-terminal.
.Ar terminal .
.El
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
-The following environment variable is used:
+The following environment variables affect the execution of
+.Nm ul :
.Bl -tag -width TERM
.It Ev TERM
-The
-.Ev TERM
-variable is used to relate a tty device
+Used to relate a tty device
with its device capability description (see
.Xr termcap 5 ) .
.Ev TERM
.Sh BUGS
.Xr nroff 1
usually outputs a series of backspaces and underlines intermixed
-with the text to indicate underlining. No attempt is made to optimize
-the backward motion.
+with the text to indicate underlining.
+No attempt is made to optimize the backward motion.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
-.\" $OpenBSD: uname.1,v 1.7 2000/03/06 03:16:00 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: uname.1,v 1.8 2000/03/11 21:40:06 aaron Exp $
+.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
-.\" $OpenBSD: unifdef.1,v 1.7 2000/03/06 03:17:40 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: unifdef.1,v 1.8 2000/03/11 21:40:06 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: unifdef.1,v 1.4 1994/12/07 00:33:48 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1991, 1993
.Ar ...
.Op Ar file
.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Nm unifdef
+.Nm
is useful for removing ifdef'ed lines
from a file while otherwise leaving the file alone.
-.Nm unifdef
+.Nm
acts on
#ifdef, #ifndef, #else, and #endif lines,
and it knows only enough about C
to the end of a line and finds no backslash for continuation.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
-.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
-.It Fl D Ns Ar sym
-.It Fl U Ns Ar sym
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Xo Fl D Ns Ar sym ,
+.Fl U Ns Ar sym
+.Xc
Specify which symbols to define or undefine,
and the lines inside those ifdefs will be copied to the output or removed as
appropriate.
.Ar sym
will also be removed.
ifdefs involving symbols you don't specify
-and ``#if'' control lines
-are untouched and copied out
+and
+.Dq #if
+control lines are untouched and copied out
along with their associated
ifdef, else, and endif lines.
If an ifdef X occurs nested inside another ifdef X, then the
inside ifdef is treated as if it were an unrecognized symbol.
If the same symbol appears in more than one argument,
the last occurrence dominates.
-.Pp
.It Fl c
If the
.Fl c
flag is specified,
then the operation of
-.Nm unifdef
+.Nm
is complemented,
-i.e. the lines that would have been removed or blanked
+i.e., the lines that would have been removed or blanked
are retained and vice versa.
-.Pp
.It Fl l
Replace removed lines with blank lines
instead of deleting them.
-.Pp
.It Fl t
Disables parsing for C comments and quotes, which is useful
for plain text.
-.Pp
-.It Fl iD Ns Ar sym
-.It Fl iU Ns Ar sym
+.It Xo Fl iD Ns Ar sym ,
+.Fl iU Ns Ar sym
+.Xc
Ignore ifdefs.
If your C code uses ifdefs to delimit non-C lines,
such as comments
or code which is under construction,
then you must tell
-.Nm unifdef
+.Nm
which symbols are used for that purpose so that it won't try to parse
for quotes and comments
inside those ifdefs.
above.
.El
.Pp
-.Nm unifdef
+.Nm
copies its output to
.Em stdout
and will take its input from
.Ar file
argument is given.
.Pp
-.Nm unifdef
+.Nm
works nicely with the
.Fl D Ns Ar sym
option added to
.Xr diff 1
as of the 4.1 Berkeley Software Distribution.
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr diff 1
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
Inappropriate else or endif.
.br
with line numbers of the unterminated #ifdefs.
.Pp
Exit status is 0 if output is exact copy of input, 1 if not, 2 if trouble.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr diff 1
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
.Bx 4.3 .
.Sh BUGS
-Should try to deal with ``#if'' lines.
+Should try to deal with
+.Dq #if
+lines.
.Pp
Doesn't work correctly if input contains null characters.
-.\" $OpenBSD: uniq.1,v 1.4 2000/03/05 00:28:56 aaron Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: uniq.1,v 1.5 2000/03/11 21:40:07 aaron Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: uniq.1,v 1.5 1994/12/06 07:51:15 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
.Oc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
-.Nm uniq
+.Nm
utility reads the standard input comparing adjacent lines and writes
a copy of each unique input line to the standard output.
The second and succeeding copies of identical adjacent input lines are
in each input line when doing comparisons.
A field is a string of non-blank characters separated from adjacent fields
by blanks.
-Field numbers are one based, i.e. the first field is field one.
+Field numbers are one based, i.e., the first field is field one.
.It Fl s Ar chars
Ignore the first
.Ar chars
characters after the first
.Ar fields
fields will be ignored.
-Character numbers are one based, i.e. the first character is character one.
+Character numbers are one based, i.e., the first character is character one.
.It Fl u
Don't output lines that are repeated in the input.
.\".It Fl Ns Ar n
as the name of an output file.
.Pp
The
-.Nm uniq
+.Nm
utility exits 0 on success or >0 if an error occurred.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr sort 1
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
The historic
.Cm \&\(pl Ns Ar number
and
.Fl Ns Ar number
options have been deprecated but are still supported in this implementation.
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr sort 1
.Sh STANDARDS
The
-.Nm uniq
+.Nm
utility is expected to be
.St -p1003.2
compatible.
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